Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon Albert, James S; Carnaval, Ana C; Flantua, Suzette G A ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
01/2023, Volume:
379, Issue:
6630
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity reserves and globally ...important ecosystem services. The most substantial threats come from regional deforestation, because of export market demands, and global climate change. The Amazon is currently perched to transition rapidly from a largely forested to a nonforested landscape. These changes are happening much too rapidly for Amazonian species, peoples, and ecosystems to respond adaptively. Policies to prevent the worst outcomes are known and must be enacted immediately. We now need political will and leadership to act on this information. To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our peril.
Running asymmetry is considered a matter of concern for performance and injury, but the association between asymmetry and performance remain unclear. There are different strategies to address ...asymmetries and its relationship with performance. Here we investigated the correlation between global symmetry index and mechanical efficiency during 10 km running. Thirteen amateur trained athletes (8 men and 5 women) performed a 10 km running at a fixed pace while a 3D accelerometer attached to the pelvic region recorded position data throughout the course of the run and gas exchanges were monitored breath by breath. Global symmetry index was determined for 3 directions, and mechanical efficiency was calculated as the ratio of external work output to energy expenditure determined from gas analysis. Global Symmetry Index and mechanical efficiency decreased (−55.5% and −44.8%, respectively) during the course of the 10 km run (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between global symmetry index and efficiency (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). Asymmetry in the vertical direction had a relatively higher impact on the global symmetry index. The global symmetry index accounted for 43.1% of the variance in mechanical efficiency (p = 0.015). Symmetry, evaluated by the global symmetry index, directly correlates with mechanical efficiency during a 10 km run.
The giant Salobo copper-gold deposit is located in the Carajás Province, Amazon Craton. Detailed drill core description, petrographical studies, and U-Pb SHRIMP IIe and LA-ICP-MS geochronology ...unravel its evolution regarding the host rocks, hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. Within the Cinzento Shear Zone, the deposit is hosted by orthogneisses of the Mesoarchean Xingu Complex (2950 ± 25 and 2857 ± 6.7 Ma) and of the Neoarchean Igarapé Gelado suite (2763 ± 4.4 Ma), which are crosscut by the Old Salobo granite. Remnants of the Igarapé Salobo metavolcanic-sedimentary sequence are represented by a quartz mylonite with detrital zircon populations (ca. 3.1–3.0, 2.95, 2.86, and 2.74 Ga). High-temperature calcic-sodic hydrothermal alteration (hastingsite-actinolite) was followed by silicification, iron-enrichment (almandine-grunerite-magnetite), tourmaline formation, potassic alteration with biotite, copper-gold ore formation, and later Fe-rich hydrated silicate alteration. Myrmekitic bornite-chalcocite and magnetite comprise the bulk of copper-gold ore. All these alteration assemblages have been overprinted by post-ore hematite-bearing potassic and propylitic alteration, which is also recognized in the Old Salobo granite. In the central zone of the deposit the mylonitized Igarapé Gelado suite rocks yield an age of 2701 ± 30 Ma. Zircon ages of 2547 ± 5.3 and 2535 ± 8.4 Ma were obtained for the Old Salobo granite and for the high-grade copper ore, respectively. A U-Pb LA-ICP-MS monazite age (2452 ± 14 Ma) from the copper-gold ore indicates hydrothermal activity and overprinting in the Siderian. Therefore, a protracted tectono-thermal event due to the reactivation of the Cinzento Shear Zone is proposed for the evolution of the Salobo deposit.
The emergence of the COVID‐19 has caused public health problems worldwide and there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this disease. Research on 3D models of proteins and the search for ...active molecular sites are important tools to assist in the discovery of effective antiviral drugs to combat COVID‐19. To address this problem, the 3D protein structures of SARS‐CoV 2 were analyzed and submitted to cavities research, evaluation of their druggabillity and liganbility, and applied to molecular docking studies with potential ligand candidates actually assayed against COVID‐19. Eight druggable potential cavity sites were determined in model structures’ PDB code, 6W4B, 6VWW, 6W01, 6M3M, and 6VYO, and these are the good alternatives to be characterized as targets for antiviral compounds. The good cavity model of the protease 3D structure was used in molecular docking, and this allowed verifying the theoric interactions of this protein and lopinavir and ritonavir antiviral drugs. These results may assist in the use of 3D protein models in drug design studies aiming to develop drugs against the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The Santa Lúcia copper-gold deposit lies in the southeastern portion of the Carajás Mineral Province, along NW-SE splays of the Carajás Fault. The deposit is hosted by a rhyolitic subvolcanic rock, ...which is crosscut by pegmatite intrusions. The paragenetic evolution at Santa Lúcia encompasses an early stage of chlorite alteration, followed by potassic alteration with microcline, greisenization (quartz-muscovite-tourmaline), copper-gold ore precipitation, and late sericite and hematite vein formation/fracture infill. Copper mineralization is dominantly represented by chalcopyrite-sphalerite-pyrrhotite-pentlandite-pyrite breccias, which are spatially associated with greisen alteration and characterized by the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE), Ni, Co, and Cr. The alteration types, mineralization styles, and ore assemblage suggest that the Santa Lúcia deposit could represent a member of the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.88 Ga) granite-related copper-gold systems of Carajás (e.g., the Breves and Estrela deposits). However, the in situ U-Pb analyses of ore-related monazite yield a weighted average
207
Pb/
206
Pb age of 2688 ± 27 Ma, thereby constraining the timing of mineralization at Santa Lúcia to the Neoarchean. Moreover, tourmaline from the pegmatite and within the ore zones has a range of δ
11
B values from − 3.7 to − 0.6‰, therefore linked to a magmatic boron source. Collectively, these results indicate that the Santa Lúcia deposit is the first reduced magmatic-hydrothermal, iron oxide–poor system formed in the Neoarchean, coeval with the 2.72–2.68 Ga metallogenic event responsible for the genesis of important iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits in the Carajás Mineral Province.
Multiresistant pathogens pose a serious threat to human health. The genus
is one class of human pathogenic yeasts responsible for infections affecting healthy and immunocompromised patients. In this ...context, plant essential oils emerged as a future natural alternative to control the diseases caused by these pathogens. Based on that, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oil from
and understand the mechanism of action. Here, it highlighted antimicrobial activity and the mechanisms of action of the essential oil extracted from
Carn.-Torres & Riina (
) leaves on human pathogenic microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. In addition, for the first time, the oil composition was revealed by GC-MS analysis and the toxicity to human red blood cells (HRBC). Twenty-six chemical compounds were identified in
, elemicin, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene, brevifolin, and 2,4,6-trimethoxy-styrene. Through hemolytic assay, it was shown that
has no toxicity to human RBCs. At the concentration of 50 μg mL
,
did not show great antibacterial potential. However, promising data were found for
and
inhibiting by 89.3% and 80.7% of planktonic cell growth and 83.5% and 77.9% the biofilm formation, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action
were elucidated by fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy revealed damage to the cell membrane and pore formation, ROS overproduction, and induction of apoptosis in candida cells. Our results reinforce the potential of
as an effective alternative molecule of pharmaceutical interest.
Microchimeric male fetal cells (MFCs) have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and published studies have further correlated MFC with lupus nephritis (LN). In the present study, we ...evaluated the frequency of MFC in the renal tissue of patients with LN.
Twenty-seven renal biopsies were evaluated: Fourteen were from women with clinical and laboratory findings of LN, and thirteen were from controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from kidney biopsies, and the male fetal DNA was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions for the detection of specific Y chromosome sequences.
MFCs were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 of patients with LN, whereas no MFCs were found in the control group (P = 0.0006). No differences in pregnancy history were found between patients with LN and the control group. Significantly higher amounts of MFCs were found in patients with LN with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dl. Furthermore, women with MFCs had significantly better renal function at the time of biopsy (P = 0.03). In contrast, patients with LN without MFCs presented with more severe forms of glomerulonephritis (World Health Organization class IV = 60% and class V = 40%).
Our data indicate a high prevalence of MFCs in renal biopsy specimens from women with LN, suggesting a role for MFCs in the etiology of LN. The present report also provides some evidence that MFCs could have a beneficial effect in this disease.
•Exhalative systems were active during the deposition of the Itacaiúnas Supergroup.•Syngenetic copper mineralization formed due to hydrothermal vents.•The IOCG mineralization overprints the ...syngenetic sulfides.•Features of both mineralization styles are recognized within Igarapé Bahia deposit.
The Igarapé Bahia IOCG Cu–Au deposit, located in the Carajás Domain, the northern part of the Carajás Province in the Amazon Craton, is one of the most economically important deposits in the province. The deposit is hosted in the metavolcanosedimentary Igarapé Bahia Group and the metasedimentary Águas Claras Formation. The Igarapé Bahia Group encompasses a lower unit with metavolcanic rocks and metagabbros, and metasedimentary rocks (metarhythmites, epiclastic rocks, and banded iron formation) of the upper unit. Epiclastic rocks are predominant in the Águas Claras Formation. Basement xenoliths within the lower unit yielded an U–Pb zircon age of 2935 ± 36 Ma, suggesting that a sialic crust was present prior to basin installation likely due to rifting. The U–Pb dating of detrital zircons yielded maximum deposition age at 2784 ± 27 Ma for the upper unit, and 2763 ± 32 Ma and 2774 ± 19 Ma for the Águas Claras Formation. Chalcopyrite nodules and layers are found within metarhythmites, concordant to primary structures, but without hydrothermal alteration halos and iron oxide. This chalcopyrite generation seems to have precipitated synchronously to the deposition of the Igarapé Bahia Group. Chalcopyrite nodules and layers show δ34SVCDT values ranging from +0.29 to +1.56‰. These data indicate that most of its sulfur is likely derived from the metavolcanic rocks of the lower unit. Host rocks and chalcopyrite nodules and layers were overprinted by the IOCG mineralization. The latter formed extensive halos of hydrothermal alteration and was accompanied by ductile deformation and hydrothermal brecciation. These processes resulted in (tourmaline)–carbonate–magnetite, (tourmaline)–carbonate–chlorite and (tourmaline)–(biotite)–chlorite mylonites and breccias. Chalcopyrite from magnetite-rich zones (i.e. IOCG mineralization) displays δ34SVCDT values from +1.36 to +5.35‰. In addition to magmatic sulfur, seawater-derived sulfate may have been incorporated in sulfides via thermochemical sulfate-reduction reactions. Trace element geochemistry in distinct copper ores (i.e. nodules and layers versus magnetite-rich) also point to different origins of both styles of mineralization. The timing of the IOCG mineralization was constrained at 2559 ± 34 Ma in the Alemão orebody. These data suggest that an IOCG-type metallogenetic event at ca. 2.5 Ga overprinted an older syngenetic-exhalative type copper mineralization. They also indicate that precipitation of early sulfide minerals within the Itacaiúnas Supergroup may have created Cu-rich sequences that could have been remobilized, generating the broad group of the IOCG deposits at Carajás.
Differentiating orofacial odontogenic pain/disorders from pain/disorders associated with maxillary sinusitis is important to avoid unnecessary dentalprocedures and to properly refer patients to ...colleagues/dentists and vice versa.Differentiating orofacial odontogenic pain/disorders from pain/disorders associated with maxillary sinusitis is important to avoid unnecessary dentalprocedures and to properly refer patients to colleagues/dentists and vice versa.To analyze the association between apical lesions and sinus changes and to evaluate the agreement between the diagnoses of an endodontist, a radiologist, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and an otolaryngologist.AIMTo analyze the association between apical lesions and sinus changes and to evaluate the agreement between the diagnoses of an endodontist, a radiologist, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, and an otolaryngologist.385 axial, coronal, and sagittal MSCT scans were selected using an image archiving andcommunication system (PACS). The examinations had been performed between 2018 and 2022.MATERIALS AND METHOD385 axial, coronal, and sagittal MSCT scans were selected using an image archiving andcommunication system (PACS). The examinations had been performed between 2018 and 2022.Apical lesions were observed in 36.10% of sinusitis cases, 73.8% of unilateralsinusitis cases, 48.7% of sinus floor discontinuity cases, and 67.2% of cases in which endodontic treatment had been performed. Agreement between the diagnoses made by the endodontist and those made by the other investigators was high for most study variables (k > 0.60). The exceptions were mucosal thickening, for which agreement between the endodontist and the other investigators was intermediate (k=0.397), and the presence of periapicallesions (k=0.010), previous endodontic treatment (k=0.013), and mucosal thickness (k=0.024), for which agreement between endodontists and radiologists was low. Conclusions: There was an association between sinus changes and apical lesions.RESULTSApical lesions were observed in 36.10% of sinusitis cases, 73.8% of unilateralsinusitis cases, 48.7% of sinus floor discontinuity cases, and 67.2% of cases in which endodontic treatment had been performed. Agreement between the diagnoses made by the endodontist and those made by the other investigators was high for most study variables (k > 0.60). The exceptions were mucosal thickening, for which agreement between the endodontist and the other investigators was intermediate (k=0.397), and the presence of periapicallesions (k=0.010), previous endodontic treatment (k=0.013), and mucosal thickness (k=0.024), for which agreement between endodontists and radiologists was low. Conclusions: There was an association between sinus changes and apical lesions.
Multiresistant pathogens pose a serious threat to human health. The genus Candida is one class of human pathogenic yeasts responsible for infections affecting healthy and immunocompromised patients. ...In this context, plant essential oils emerged as a future natural alternative to control the diseases caused by these pathogens. Based on that, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oil from C. pluriglandulosus and understand the mechanism of action. Here, it highlighted antimicrobial activity and the mechanisms of action of the essential oil extracted from C. pluriglandulosus Carn.-Torres & Riina (CpEO) leaves on human pathogenic microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. In addition, for the first time, the oil composition was revealed by GC-MS analysis and the toxicity to human red blood cells (HRBC). Twenty-six chemical compounds were identified in CpEO, elemicin, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene, brevifolin, and 2,4,6-trimethoxy-styrene. Through hemolytic assay, it was shown that CpEO has no toxicity to human RBCs. At the concentration of 50 μg mLsup.−1, CpEO did not show great antibacterial potential. However, promising data were found for C. krusei and C. parapsilosis inhibiting by 89.3% and 80.7% of planktonic cell growth and 83.5% and 77.9% the biofilm formation, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action CpEO were elucidated by fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy revealed damage to the cell membrane and pore formation, ROS overproduction, and induction of apoptosis in candida cells. Our results reinforce the potential of CpEO as an effective alternative molecule of pharmaceutical interest.
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