Abstract
Background
Decades of researches aiming to unveil truths about human neuropsychology may have instead unveil facts appropriate to only a fraction of the world’s population: those living in ...western educated rich democratic nations (Muthukrishna et al., 2020 Psych Sci). So far, most studies were conducted as if education and cultural assumptions on which neuropsychology is based were universals and applied everywhere in the world. The importance given to sociological or cultural factors is thus still relatively ignored. With the growth of international clinical studies on dementia, we believe that documenting the potential inter‐cultural differences at stake in a common neuropsychological assessment is an essential topic. This study thus aimed to explore these potential variations in two classical tasks used in neuropsychology that are composing the mini‐SEA (Bertoux et al., 2012 JNNP), i.e. a reduced version of the well‐known Ekman faces (FER), where one has to recognize facial emotions, and a modified version of the Faux Pas test (mFP), where one has to detect and explain social faux.
Method
The data of 573 control participants were collected through the Social Cognition & FTLD Network, an international consortium investigating social cognitive changes in dementia covering 3 continents (18 research centres in 12 countries). Impact of demographic factors and the effect of countries on performance (mini‐SEA, FER, mFP) were explored through linear mixed‐effects models.
Result
Age, education and gender were found to significantly impact the performance of the mini‐SEA subtests. Significant and important variations across the countries were also retrieved, with England having the highest performance for all scores. When controlling for demographical factors, differences within countries explained between 14% (mFP) and 24% (FER) of the variance at the mini‐SEA. These variations were not explained by any economical or sociological metrics.
Conclusion
Important variations of performance were observed across the 12 countries of the consortium, showing how cultural differences may critically impact neuropsychological performance in international studies.
Nature Communications 8: Article number: 15451 (2017); Published 16 May 2017; Updated 23 August 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Leon Di ...Stefano, which was incorrectly given as Leon di Stephano. This has now been corrected in both the PDF andHTML versions of the Article.
Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a atuação do TCU na avaliação de programas governamentais em funções do governo no período 2000-2012. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada consistiu de pesquisas ...descritivas, documental e qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que as 73 avaliações de programas governamentais analisadas foram executadas por 490 auditores, utilizando 6 estratégias metodológicas, 14 técnicas de diagnóstico, 4 tipos de coleta de dados e 6 formas de analisá-los, consumindo em média 117,83 HDFs (Homem Dia Fiscalização). Conclui-se que as avaliações de programas do TCU estão em sintonia com a tendência mundial contribuindo com a APFB tendo ofertado 1.373 sugestões, cujo impacto nos programas públicos foi advindo da implementação de 435 destas recomendações. Contudo, a despeito da avaliação positiva quanto aos benefícios gerados pela atuação do TCU, a pesquisa identificou que a demanda por este tipo de auditoria, por parte dos congressistas, não está alinhada ao comportamento mundial (NAO, GAO, Corte de Contas da Alemanha e da França).
Jasmonates are signaling molecules that play a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes, reproduction and defense against insects and pathogens. This study investigated the effects of methyl ...jasmonate on the protein pattern of
Ricinus communis plants and the activity of guaiacol peroxidase, an antioxidant enzyme. Methyl jasmonate treatment caused a transient reduction in guaiacol peroxidase activity. A similar response was observed for the levels of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin protein. Moreover, the levels of the small and large chains of Rubisco were also reduced. The transient reduction of the levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes could account for the increase in the levels of H
2O
2, an important signaling molecule in plant defense.
Mice selected for a high acute inflammatory response (AIRmax) are resistant to chemically induced lung tumorigenesis, whereas the low responders (AIRmin) are susceptible. In urethane-treated mice, ...anti-inflammatory drugs increased the tumor incidence in AIRmax but not AIRmin mice, and an inverse correlation (P<.001) between the degree of acute inflammatory response (AIR) and lung tumorigenesis was found in an F2 (AIRmax×AIRmin) intercross population. The results provide evidence for the involvement of lung tumor modifier loci in AIR regulation and implicate AIR quantitative trait loci in the inherited predisposition to lung cancer.
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