Meckel cave tumors are relatively rare, especially trigeminal nerve (TN) schwannomas. These tumors frequently project through the trigeminal pore, occupying the middle and posterior fossae. The most ...used routes to this region are the suboccipital retrosigmoid intradural approach (SORSA) and the transzygomatic middle fossa approach (TZMFA). Both approaches allow further exposure by adding intraoperative techniques, such as removing the suprameatal tubercle (retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach RISA) and the petrous apex (TZMFA-PA), respectively. This study aims to understand how TN exposure differs between both surgical approaches and how it increases by adding specific surgical maneuvers to these techniques.
Five formalin-fixed adult cadaver heads were submitted to high-resolution computed tomography and their images were loaded into the neuronavigation device. Anatomic key points were defined along the outline of the TN, and their three-dimensional spatial locations were collected following each surgical approach. This process allowed the calculation of the TN exposed area obtained through each technique.
The mean areas of exposure of the TN were 125.9 mm2 with SORSA and 208.9 mm2 with RISA, which represents an additional mean gain of 61.92% (P = 0.047). Using TZMFA, a mean exposure of 419.24 mm2 was obtained. When TZMFA-PA was used, the mean exposed area was 486.03 mm2, representing a mean gain in the exposure area of 16.81% (P = 0.072).
Our study suggests that TZMFA allows better exposure of TN ganglionic and postganglionic segments, and the removal of the PA adds the preganglionic segment visualization, although with less TN exposed area compared with RISA. With SORSA, the additional suprameatal tubercle removal shows the trigeminal pore and the medial margin of the central portion of the TN ganglionic segment, making it possible to expose the mouth of the Meckel cave and part of its contents.
ABSTRACT
Interstellar amides have attracted significant attentions as they are potential precursors for a wide variety of organics essential to life. However, our current understanding of their ...formation in space is heavily based on observations in star-forming regions and hence the chemical networks lack the constraints on their early origin. In this work, unbiased sensitive spectral surveys with IRAM 30 m and Yebes 40 m telescopes are used to systematically study a number of amides towards a quiescent Galactic centre molecular cloud, G+0.693−0.027. We report the first detection of acetamide (CH3C(O)NH2) and trans-N-methylformamide (CH3NHCHO) towards this cloud. In addition, with the wider frequency coverage of the survey, we revisited the detection of formamide (NH2CHO) and urea (carbamide; NH2C(O)NH2), which had been reported previously towards G+0.693−0.027. Our results are compared with those present in the literature including recent laboratory experiments and chemical models. We find constant abundance ratios independently of the evolutionary stages, suggesting that amides related chemistry is triggered in early evolutionary stages of molecular cloud and remain unaffected by the warm-up phase during the star formation process. Although a correlation between more complex amides and NH2CHO have been suggested, alternative formation routes involving other precursors such as acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), and methylamine (CH3NH2) may also contribute to the production of amides. Observations of amides together with these species towards a larger sample of sources can help to constrain the amide chemistry in the interstellar medium.
Summary
Background
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most widespread cancer in humans and its incidence is rising. These tumours can evolve as diseases of poor prognosis, and ...therefore it is important to identify new markers to better predict its clinical evolution.
Objectives
We aimed to identify the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) at different stages of skin cancer progression in a panel of murine skin cancer cell lines. Owing to the increasing importance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer, we considered the possibility that miRNAs could help to define the prognosis of CSCC and aimed to evaluate the potential use of miR‐203 and miR‐205 as biomarkers of prognosis in human tumours.
Methods
Seventy‐nine human primary CSCCs were collected at the University Hospital of Salamanca in Spain. We identified differential miRNA expression patterns at different stages of CSCC progression in a well‐established panel of murine skin cancer cell lines, and then selected miR‐205 and miR‐203 to evaluate their association with the clinical prognosis and evolution of human CSCC.
Results
miR‐205 was expressed in tumours with pathological features recognized as indicators of poor prognosis such as desmoplasia, perineural invasion and infiltrative growth pattern. miR‐205 was mainly expressed in undifferentiated areas and in the invasion front, and was associated with both local recurrence and the development of general clinical events of poor evolution. miR‐205 expression was an independent variable selected to predict events of poor clinical evolution using the multinomial logistic regression model described in this study. In contrast, miR‐203 was mainly expressed in tumours exhibiting the characteristics associated with a good prognosis, was mainly present in well‐differentiated zones, and rarely expressed in the invasion front. Therefore, the expression and associations of miR‐205 and miR‐203 were mostly mutually exclusive. Finally, using a logistic biplot we identified three clusters of patients with differential prognosis based on miR‐203 and miR‐205 expression, and pathological tumour features.
Conclusions
miR‐205 and miR‐203 tended to exhibit mutually exclusive expression patterns in human CSCC. This work highlights the utility of miR‐205 and miR‐203 as prognostic markers in CSCC.
What's already known about this topic?
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common cancer in humans. Its incidence is increasing and it can evolve into a disease of poor prognosis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of cancer but its role in CSCC is not well understood.
What does this study add?
miR‐203 and miR‐205 display a mutually exclusive pattern of expression in CSCC.
miR‐203 is associated with features of favourable prognosis and miR‐205 is associated with poor outcome in CSCC.
What is the translational message?
miR‐203 and miR‐205 expression help to predict the prognosis of human CSCC.
miR‐203 and miR‐205 were associated with different CSCC traits in a mutually exclusive manner.
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Plain language summary available online
Discovery of H2CCCH+ in TMC-1 W. G. D. P. Silva; Cernicharo, J; Schlemmer, S ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
08/2023, Volume:
676
Journal Article
We report the detection of the oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules propenal (C
H
CHO), vinyl alcohol (C
H
OH), methyl formate (HCOOCH
), and dimethyl ether (CH
OCH
) toward the cyanopolyyne peak ...of the starless core TMC-1. These molecules are detected through several emission lines in a deep Q-band line survey of TMC-1 carried out with the Yebes 40m telescope. These observations reveal that the cyanopolyyne peak of TMC-1, which is the prototype of cold dark cloud rich in carbon chains, contains also O-bearing complex organic molecules like HCOOCH
and CH
OCH
, which have been previously seen in a handful of cold interstellar clouds. In addition, this is the first secure detection of C
H
OH in space and the first time that C
H
CHO and C
H
OH are detected in a cold environment, adding new pieces in the puzzle of complex organic molecules in cold sources. We derive column densities of (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10
cm
, (2.5 ± 0.5) × 10
cm
, (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10
cm
, and (2.5 ± 0.7) × 10
cm
for C
H
CHO, C
H
OH, HCOOCH
, and CH
OCH
, respectively. Interestingly, C
H
OH has an abundance similar to that of its well known isomer acetaldehyde (CH
CHO), with C
H
OH/CH
CHO ~ 1 at the cyanopolyyne peak. We discuss potential formation routes to these molecules and recognize that further experimental, theoretical, and astronomical studies are needed to elucidate the true mechanism of formation of these O-bearing complex organic molecules in cold interstellar sources.
This paper presents and evaluates a set of methods to classify individual Scopus publications using their references back to the second generation, where each publication can be assigned fractionally ...into up to five ASJC (All Science Journal Classifications) categories, excluding the Multidisciplinary area and the miscellaneous categories. Based on proposals by Glänzel et al. (Glänzel et al., Scientometrics 44:427–439, 1999a, Glänzel et al., Scientometrics 46:431–441, 1999b, Glänzel, W., Thijs, B., & Huang, Y. (2021). Improving the precision of subject assignment for disparity measurement in studies of interdisciplinary research. In: W. Glänzel, S. Heeffer, PS. Chi, R. Rousseau (eds), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics (ISSI 2021), Leuven University Press, pp. 453–464.
https://kuleuven.limo.libis.be/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=lirias3394551&context=SearchWebhook&vid=32KUL_KUL:Lirias&search_scope=lirias_profile&tab=LIRIAS&adaptor=SearchWebhook&lang=en
), some additional parameters are established that allow different results to be obtained depending on how category membership is weighted or how the acceptance thresholds for multiple assignments are established. Various classifications are obtained, and then compared with each other, with the original ASJC Scopus journal classification, and with the AAC (Author’s Assignation Collection) classification of a previous study (Álvarez-Llorente et al., Álvarez-Llorente et al., Profesional de la Información, 2023) in which the papers’ corresponding authors assign them the most appropriate categories. Classifications in which a high threshold is set for allowing assignments to multiple categories, combined with the use of first- and second-generation references and averaging over the number of references, provide the most promising results, improving over other reference-based reclassification proposals in terms of granularity, and over the Scopus classification itself in such aspects as the homogeneity of the publications assigned to a category. They also show greater coincidence with the AAC classification.
This paper presents a large-scale document-level comparison of two major bibliographic data sources: Scopus and Dimensions. The focus is on the differences in their coverage of documents at two ...levels of aggregation: by country and by institution. The main goal is to analyze whether Dimensions offers as good new opportunities for bibliometric analysis at the country and institutional levels as it does at the global level. Differences in the completeness and accuracy of citation links are also studied. The results allow a profile of Dimensions to be drawn in terms of its coverage by country and institution. Dimensions' coverage is more than 25% greater than Scopus which is consistent with previous studies. However, the main finding of this study is the lack of affiliation data in a large fraction of Dimensions documents. We found that close to half of all documents in Dimensions are not associated with any country of affiliation while the proportion of documents without this data in Scopus is much lower. This situation mainly affects the possibilities that Dimensions can offer as instruments for carrying out bibliometric analyses at the country and institutional level. Both of these aspects are highly pragmatic considerations for information retrieval and the design of policies for the use of scientific databases in research evaluation.
We report the detection of methyl ketene towards TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey. Nineteen rotational transitions with rotational quantum numbers ranging from J = 3 up to J = 5 and K-a <= 2 were ...identified in the frequency range 32.0-50.4 GHz, 11 of which arise above the 3 sigma level. We derived a column density for CH3CHCO of N=1.5 x 10(11) cm(-2) and a rotational temperature of 9 K. Hence, the abundance ratio between ketene and methyl ketene, CH2CO/CH3CHCO, is 93. This species is the second C3H4O isomer detected. The other, trans-propenal (CH2CHCHO), corresponds to the most stable isomer and has a column density of N=(2.2 +/- 0.3)x10(11) cm(-2), which results in an abundance ratio CH2CHCHO/CH3CHCO of 1.5. The next non-detected isomer with the lowest energy is cis-propenal, which is therefore a good candidate for future discovery. We have carried out an in-depth study of the possible gas-phase chemical reactions involving methyl ketene to explain the abundance detected, achieving good agreement between chemical models and observations.
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