This paper shows that the organizations responsible for regulating safety at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) failed to identify flaws in management procedures and technical ...design that, if corrected, might have prevented the Challenger tragedy. Analysis of the processes of discovery, monitoring, investigation, and sanctioning in the Space Shuttle Program indicates that regulatory effectiveness was inhibited by the autonomy and interdependence of NASA and its regulators. This discovery suggests that autonomy and interdependence, concepts developed from research on the external control of organizations, are applicable to the study of intraorganizational regulatory relationships. Moreover, by articulating the organizational contribution to technical failure, this research challenges existing assumptions about the social control of risky technologies.
Analysis of the 1986 Senegal Demographic and Health Survey reveals that mothers may be able to improve their children's survival chances by migrating from the countryside to the city. Children of ...urban migrants, however, continue to experience a much higher risk of mortality before the age of 5 than children of urban nonmigrants, even after the mother has lived in the city for several years. This migrant mortality disadvantage persists when controlling for numerous socioeconomic and fertility-related factors typically associated with child mortality in developing countries, which also serve as indicators of migrant selection and adaptation.
Logit analyses are used in evaluating survey data concerning rice stink bug Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius) management by Texas rice producers. Effects of rice production attributes on the adoption of ...insect sweep nets in conjunction with treatment thresholds, and the spraying of insecticides for the management of the rice stink bug, are investigated. The proportion of neighboring land use in pasture, the proportion of rice acreage planted to semidwarf varieties, and producers' attendance at specific field days significantly affect the probability of adopting sweep nets and treatment thresholds. Adoption of sweep nets and treatment thresholds increase the probability of spraying by 11.3%.
Early childhood intervention specialists need information on practices and procedures that are both helpful and positively perceived by both families and practitioners. This study used nine consumer ...focus groups to determine preferences for practices. The researchers share principles for early intervention services, preferences for identification of family strengths and needs, and the outcomes that are most desired from program services. These findings suggest a need to rethink how we deliver services and interact with family members.
This article analyzes major problems of Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States. It is based on interviews with 557 Korean immigrants in Los Angeles, ethnic newspaper articles and ...personal observations of the Korean community. Korean entrepreneurs' long hours of work are detrimental to their physical and psychological well-being. Also, because of their business concentration in low-in-come, minority areas, Korean entrepreneurs are subject to frequent armed robberies, shoplifting, strikes, boycotts and other forms of rejection. Korean entrepreneurs are vulnerable to exploitation because of their dependence upon outgroup members for supplies of merchandise and their dependence on landlords for leases of store buildings. Korean immigrants are engaged in low level, blue collar businesses, and thus most Korean entrepreneurs face the problem of status inconsistency. Finally, Korean immigrants' segregation into the ethnic sub-economy, while enhancing ethnic attachment and ethnic solidarity, hinders cultural and social assimilation.
Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms of a long-term nature at the level of political economy. Whether these reforms will fully mature depends on the statesmanship of the political leadership and ...the stability of the republic itself--both are in short supply. Suggests that the Third Republic is not likely to witness press behaviour different in essence from that witnessed in the Second Republic. (SJK)
In 1986, the report seemed to show that for young female professionals, marriage postponed too long was marriage foregone. But, it is this very generation that has postponed marriage to an extent not ...seen since the beginning of the century. Behind this trend is greater female participation in the labour-market, greater acceptance of premarital sex, increasing cohabitation, birth control and abortion. (SJK)
Les auteurs ont analysé, sur des « cohortes de chômeurs », les passages entre différentes positions possibles sur le marché du travail et la durée passée dans chacune des positions. Économètres, ils ...ont utilisé leurs méthodes, et nous livrent ici les résultats de leurs calculs et de leurs modélisations. Ces résultats sont souvent nouveaux, comme par exemple le lien entre la durée (et le niveau) de l'indemnisation du chômage et la durée du chômage avant reprise d'un emploi ou avant radiation. Ils sont aussi parfois contreintuitifs : ils diffèrent sensiblement de ceux qui pourraient être tirés d'une lecture des statistiques ponctuelles existantes. The passages between various possible positions in the labor market, as well as the length of time spent in each one, are analyzed for "cohorts of jobless persons". Econometric methods have been used to calculate results and draw up the models provided herein. Many results are new, for example, about the linkage between the length of unemployment compensation coverage (as well as the amount of benefits) and the length of unemployment before finding a job or being struck off the unemployment rolls. Some of them contradict intuitions and differ significantly from the results that could be drawn from existing, often sporadic, statistics.
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