ABSTRACT
Social and economic benefits have accrued from medium‐ and long‐distance travel, but at the expense of the environment. Since the travel behaviour literature tends to concentrate on ...short‐distance trips or trips within daily urban systems, a better understanding of the factors shaping medium‐ and long‐distance travel is needed. Using the 1998 National Travel Surveys for the UK and the Netherlands, the study reported here characterises medium‐ and long‐distance travellers in terms of socio‐economic attributes, time availability, day of travel, and land‐use related factors. The results suggest that, in both countries, males and individuals with a higher socio‐economic status are more likely to engage in medium‐ and long‐distance travel. The analysis further shows that the overall structure of the urban system in combination with the size of the country and the local population density affect the participation in medium‐ and long‐distance travel. Such factors should be considered explicitly in future studies of medium‐ and long‐distance travel.
How Far Is Too Far? Susilo, Yusak O; Dijst, Martin
Transportation research record,
01/2009, Volume:
2134
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
It is widely believed that providing activity locations close to residential locations reduces the travel time of residents. However, it has not been clear how close to one another activity locations ...and residential locations should be. The Dutch National Travel Survey and a travel time ratio index were used to measure acceptable travel times in relation to duration times of various activities. The results show that the value of an individual travel time ratio depends on the type of activity, individual commitments, available travel mode, and activity locations. Each activity has a unique trade-off relationship between activity duration and travel time. Each activity also has its own turnover point-a point at which increased activity duration will lead to less instead of more travel time. The analysis also shows that the travel time ratio value is influenced not only by an individual's activity commitments, resources, and constraints but also by the trade-off within households. Show References
Although many studies employ either interaction- or node-attribute data to study the positions of cities in the urban system, relatively little is known about the relationships between these two ...different types of data. This study explores this relationship by ranking and comparing 39 metropolitan areas in Western Europe according to their relative role in the system of flows and their concentration of functions. The former is measured via the intensity of interaction, and the connectivity or distribution of interaction across links associated with nodes. The latter is measured via four dimensions: its sociodemographic, economic, transport accessibility, and tourism characteristics. The results show that the relationships between interaction and node attributes differ for types of flow. Compared with business flows, holiday flows and node-attributes are less strongly correlated. We also find that the differences between the two rankings can be explained to some extent by the fact that corporeal interaction is influenced by the physical barriers imposed by sea.
As a rapidly ageing population becomes an increasingly serious social challenge for Chinese megacities, issues affecting older adults' subjective well-being (SWB) attract greater concern. However, it ...is difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of older adults' SWB, since most SWB theories focus only on specific factors. Moreover, residential environmental factors are hardly considered in studies of older adults' SWB. In this paper we therefore investigate the effects of residential environment and individual resources on the SWB of older adults in Shanghai, using the integrative theoretical framework proposed by Lindenberg. We investigate the relationships between resources (residential environment and individual resources), needs satisfaction and SWB using multiple regression analysis. Our results show that the residential environment exerts a stronger impact on SWB than individual resources. Good quality residential building, good accessibility to medical and financial facilities, higher economic status of a neighbourhood, and a lower proportion of older adults in a neighbourhood are important environmental correlates of SWB. Health appears to be the most significant individual resource; other important individual resources include household income, a high-skilled occupation, a job in the public sector and living with grandchildren. Comfort is the most important basic need for older adults.
► We study the mobilities of poverty of poor single mothers in San Francisco. ► Emotions can be integrated into the framework of time geography. ► While being mobile both spatio-temporal and ...emotional boundaries are relevant. ► Emotions are managed by negotiating contacts by border-setting attributes. ► Emotions are managed by avoidance of public transport, routes, places and times.
Although there is ample evidence that the way we feel and anticipate feeling in certain situations or places can assert great influence on our behavior, this emotional component of the space–time path has for the most part remained external to time geographical analyses. Working from within a time geographical framework, this paper shows that spatio-temporal and emotional boundaries are both relevant and interacting while persons travel their paths through time and space. To that purpose we suggest a reinterpretation of authority constraints and to take into account the biological and cultural expressions of individuals. The rather static conceptualizations of the poverty–context relationship in poverty studies could benefit from an emotionally sensitive time geography. We draw from a small case study of low-income single mothers in San Francisco, California.
Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to residential green space is beneficial for people's mental health along multiple pathways. It remains unknown, however, whether the complex pathways found ...for the general population also apply to internal migrants in China.
To examine the mediators of green space–mental health associations among migrants in the metropolis of Shenzhen, China.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 591 migrants aged between 18 and 68 years in January–April 2017 in Shenzhen, a city facing a considerable inflow of rural-urban migration. Migrants' mental health was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Data on migrant's green space perception, migration characteristics, environmental disturbances, social cohesion, physical health, etc. were obtained through a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mechanisms underlying the green space–mental health association.
No direct effect of perceived green space on migrants' mental health was found. We did find, however, that perceived green space is significantly and indirectly related to mental health through reducing perceived environmental disturbance and enhancing social cohesion. Migrants' residential mobility presented a significant potential risk to migrants’ physical health and might influence their mental health indirectly. A similar but only weakly significant health-threatening effect was found for migration frequency. Male and female respondents showed different patterns regarding their physical and mental health status. Migrants with higher personal incomes seemed to face a lower mental health risk.
Our findings suggest distinctive pathways through which residential green space could affect the mental health of internal migrants in China. Further studies in rapidly urbanizing areas are advised to evaluate green space–mental health relationships for specific population groups/subgroups with distinctive socioeconomic backgrounds.
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•A novel study assessing green space–mental health pathways for migrants.•No significant direct pathway found between green space and migrants' mental health.•Green space was inversely related with environmental disturbance and positively with social cohesion.•Migrants' mental health not significantly associated with environmental disturbance.•Migrants' mental health might be affected by their unstable residential experience.
All over the world compact urban development is a topic of debate. However, practitioners and academics in many countries seem slow to synthesize suitable policies. Therefore, in this paper 30 years ...of experience with compact urban development is projected against the backdrop of the international discussion on this issue. The Dutch experience confirms the legitimacy of many arguments and findings presented in the international literature. Yet, Dutch practices put the policy's success into perspective. It appears to be less successful when related to mobility effects and the spatial consequences of urban growth. The relative success of compact urban development was mainly owing to the specific conditions under which the policy was implemented. As these conditions are now changing, it remains to be seen whether this policy will be seriously jeopardized. In the event that planners elsewhere pursue compact urban development within their territory, cognizance of the Dutch experience may help them to shape their policies to achieve their full potential.
The High-speed Railway (HSR) network in China is the largest in the world, competing intensively with airlines for inter-city travel. Panel data from 2007 to 2013 for 138 routes with HSR-air ...competition were used to identify the ex-post impacts of the entry of HSR services, the duration of operating HSR services since entry, and the specific impacts of HSR transportation variables such as travel time, frequency, and ticket fares on air passenger flows in China. The findings show that the entry of new HSR services in general leads to a 27% reduction in air travel demand. After two years of operating HSR services, however, the negative impact of HSR services on air passenger flows tends to further increase. The variations of the frequency in the temporal dimension and the travel time in the spatial dimension significantly affect air passenger flows. Neither in the temporal nor spatial dimensions are HSR fares strongly related to air passenger flows in China, due to the government regulation of HSR ticket prices during the period of analysis. The impacts of different transportation variables found in this paper are valuable to consider by operational HSR companies in terms of scheduling and planning of new routes to increase their competitiveness relative to airlines.
•The paper is the first to identify the ex-post impacts of HSR on air transport in such a large scale and a long period.•The paper employs within-between models to specify how HSR transportation are interacted with air travel demand in temporal and spatial dimensions.•Impacts of different transportation variables found here are valuable to HSR companies and airlines.
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