In most contemporary conceptions of populist ideology, anti-elite orientation is considered to be one of its central components. Consequently, instruments designed to measure populism include items ...intended to capture anti-elitism. Such operationalizations may, however, neglect the interaction with the political status of the relevant actors—that is, parties/leaders. A negative and critical attitude towards the party or parties in government could reflect a populist anti-elite orientation but might also simply represent a negative attitude towards a specific party (which may be affected by pre-existing party identification or a negative government performance evaluation). Hence, such an indicator of populist ideology would then be contaminated by unintended content. This paper uses the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems dataset (with the addition of Serbia) to analyze the average anti-elite scores of parties in different countries. The overall results suggest that the anti-elite scale also captures the attitude towards parties in government. The paper discusses the methodological ramifications of this finding.
Secure your Oracle Database 12c with this valuable Oracle support resource, featuring more than 100 solutions to the challenges of protecting your data About This Book * Explore and learn the new ...security features introduced in Oracle Database 12c, to successfully secure your sensitive data * Learn how to identify which security strategy is right for your needs – and how to apply it * Each ?ecipe' provides you with a single step-by-step solution, making this book a vital resource, delivering Oracle support in one accessible place Who This Book Is For This book is for DBAs, developers, and architects who are keen to know more about security in Oracle Database 12c. This book is best suited for beginners and intermediate-level database security practitioners. Basic knowledge of Oracle Database is expected, but no prior experience of securing a database is required. What You Will Learn * Analyze application privileges and reduce the attack surface * Reduce the risk of data exposure by using Oracle Data Redaction and Virtual Private Database * Control data access and integrity in your organization using the appropriate database feature or option * Learn how to protect your databases against application bypasses * Audit user activity using the new auditing architecture * Restrict highly privileged users from accessing data * Encrypt data in Oracle Database * Work in a real-world environment where a multi-layer security strategy is applied In Detail Businesses around the world are paying much greater attention toward database security than they ever have before. Not only does the current regulatory environment require tight security, particularly when dealing with sensitive and personal data, data is also arguably a company's most valuable asset - why wouldn't you want to protect it in a secure and reliable database? Oracle Database lets you do exactly that. It's why it is one of the world's leading databases – with a rich portfolio of features to protect data from contemporary vulnerabilities, it's the go-to database for many organizations. Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook helps DBAs, developers, and architects to better understand database security challenges. Let it guide you through the process of implementing appropriate security mechanisms, helping you to ensure you are taking proactive steps to keep your data safe. Featuring solutions for common security problems in the new Oracle Database 12c, with this book you can be confident about securing your database from a range of different threats and problems. Style and approach Each chapter explains the different aspects of security through a series of recipes. Each recipe presents instructions in a step-by-step manner, supported by explanations of the topic.
Membership in the EU is sometimes presented as a reward for Serbia’s eventual acknowledgement of Kosovo’s independence. Although membership in the EU has been a strategic goal of Serbian foreign ...policy, the EU is often perceived as working against Serbian national interests regarding Kosovo’s status. Relying on the cognitive dissonance theory, we hypothesize that in addition to a direct negative association between the support for Serbia’s territorial integrity and the EU membership, there is also an interactive effect: the association should be moderated by one’s opinion on when and whether Serbia will become a member of the EU. These hypotheses are examined using public opinion data based on a large national sample of adult Serbian citizens. The results support the interaction hypothesis: the attitude that Kosovo should remain part of Serbia is a stronger predictor of the (negative) evaluation of the EU among those respondents who do not believe that Serbia will become an EU member in the future.
The paper empirically identifies the world’s cultural zones, comprised of the countries with the distinctive patterns of values, and determines their relationship with the country’s communist past ...and current state of democracy. The analysis is based on the countries’ average values on the two main dimensions of cross-cultural variations: the traditional versus secular-rational and the survival versus self-expression values. The World Values Survey and European Values Study data from 101 countries were used. The K-means method of cluster analysis and the Variance Ration Criterion for determining the final number of clusters were performed. The solution with three clusters appeared as the most appropriate and theoretically meaningful, representing three broad cultural value syndromes. The first value syndrome was defined by low self-expression and high secular-rational values (the zone of secularized authority), the second one by low secular-rational and low self-expression values (the zone of traditional authority), while the third was characterized by high values on both value dimensions (the zone of emancipation). The countries’ cluster membership is highly correlated with the (non-)communist past and the level of socioeconomic development. The countries in three cultural zones significantly differ in terms of the state of democracy: democracy is more fully developed in the countries in the cultural zone of emancipation, and the least developed in the countries with the prevailing traditional authority cultural outlook.
The main goal of the study is to analyse a rarely investigated relationship between leisure-time activities and Schwartz’s 10 basic values in adolescents. The sample included 1,349 Serbian ...high-school students (44% boys; 62% vocational schools). The leisure-time questionnaire consisted of groups of items related to hobbies, sports, following different themes/shows in the media (TV, Internet, magazines), listening to music, going out, attending cultural and sports events, activities on the Internet and social networking sites usage. Values (Self-direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence and Universalism) were examined by the PVQ21 questionnaire. Factor analysis yielded seven factors of leisure activities (45.96% explained variance), defined by the following contents: pop culture; music, culture & arts; movies, TV shows and the internet; science & politics; IT; going out; sports. Correlation analysis showed that the assessment of different activities was significantly related to the distinctive sets of basic values, which was additionally confirmed by multiple regression analysis including basic values as predictors and demographic variables as controls. The main conclusion of the research is that values are important motivators of activities during free time and that different values are mostly expressed through different activities, but also that different activities can be motivated by the same basic values.
Increasing mobility directly affects traffic frequency and thus increases the possible risk of traffic accident occurrences. Taking this into account, it is necessary to create models for determining ...risk and to act preventively based on these models; this is of great importance both to society and science. In this paper, six measuring sections of a road network are considered on the basis of eight geometric-exploitation road parameters, taking into account the data for light goods vehicles. An original methodology is proposed for identifying risk levels of road sections through their evaluation. For identifying risk levels, the Dombi Logarithmic Methodology of Additive Weights (D’LMAW) was used, which was combined with the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) method. Statistical indicators were processed using a hybrid methodology based on the application of rough numbers and Dombi–Bonferroni functions. The performance of the presented methodology was verified on a real-world example, processing the statistical parameters of six two-lane road sections, with the sixth measuring section showing the best performance, since it had the minimum risk. Research has shown that measuring sections with increasing longitudinal gradients are safer. The analysis of measuring sections from fall to rise reduces the deviation of speeds from the speed limit on the roads. The effectiveness, rationality, and robustness of the solution of the proposed methodology was confirmed through a sensitivity analysis.
•Volume-of-fluid simulations predict the characteristic of an industrial low-pressure injector in terms of droplet size distribution and mean diameters.•Performed experiments provide spray ...visualization through macro imaging and analysis of the droplet size spectrum though laser diffraction measurements.•Method for off-line coupling between volume-of-fluid and Lagrangian particle simulations developed.•The influence of the flow pattern in the nozzle orifice on the primary break-up is investigated for three different injection pressures.
Numerical simulation of the liquid break-up and prediction of the droplet size distribution of injection devices is a challenging task. For predicting the disintegration process, interface capturing techniques, e.g. the volume-of-fluid method, are mandatory. The extensive computational effort caused by the high resolution requirements in space and time determine the limitation for many applications. Validations of such simulations with experimental data can be only rarely found in the literature. This study presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation of the break-up process at an industrial low-pressure three-hole injector. The numerical simulations for three different injection pressures are performed with an efficient volume-of-fluid approach. At certain time instants the volume fraction field is scanned for coherent liquid structures, and the ligament size distribution is evaluated. The simulated mean droplet diameters and the droplet size distribution functions show a good agreement with the performed measurements. The high computational effort, caused by the fine mesh resolution, limits the axial extension of the simulated domain, here fifty times the nozzle diameter. In order to extend the simulated spray domain, an off-line coupling approach with a Lagrangian particle method is proposed. Therefore, the detached droplets from the volume-of-fluid simulation are used as initial conditions for the subsequent Lagrangian spray simulation on a coarser computational grid. This presented second step determines the link between liquid disintegration on a micro-scale, and spray simulation on a macro-scale. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive simulation tool for determination of the injector characteristics.
Values refer to stable beliefs and principles held by individuals, which guide their attitudes, behaviours, and judgments, and play a crucial role in shaping their identities and interactions with ...others. Studying values in social psychology is important as it provides insights into the motivational forces that drive individuals’ behaviour and decision-making, shaping the dynamics of interpersonal relationships and societal interactions. The aim of this paper is to test the possibility of measuring basic values in the archive and text materials. Based on the Schwartz’s theory of values and earlier work on the value lexicon in English, the Serbian lexicon of values was developed and preliminarily validated on a large-scale Internet-based survey. The lexical co-occurrence of words in the natural language use on the Internet was analysed in order to assess the convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the lexicon. Lexical co-occurrence analysis showed that the words representing the same values co-occurred significantly more in comparison to the words denoting different values. The pattern of correlations between the values measured in the archive material on the Internet using the value lexicon showed high convergence with the pattern of correlations between the values assessed by the self-reported measures used in the European Social Survey in 2018. The relative prominence of the specific values on the official websites of the exemplar societal institutions and organizations identified by the value lexicon was in line with the expectations and preliminarily confirmed the criterion validity of the lexicon of values. Possible applications of the lexicon of values, as well as some methodological issues pertaining to its future use, are discussed in the final part.
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