This paper analyzes the historical and geographical evolution of foetal and infant mortality (stillbirths + deaths in the first year of life) in Italy, starting from the fifties. Particular attention ...is given to the last 20 years, which have marked an important turning point. Up to the beginning of the seventies, the decline of foetal and infant mortality was above all due to the decline of post-neonatal and late foetal mortality, but later the part due to the decline of early neonatal mortality has become more and more significant, since it began to decrease more rapidly and to be differentiated geographically. Viene analizzato l'andamento temporale e territoriale della mortalità fetoinfantile in Italia, a partire dagli anni '50, con particolare attenzione per l'ultimo ventennio, in cui si è verificato un mutamento di tendenza importante. On analyse, dans cette étude, l'évolution dans l'espace et dans le temps de la mortalité foeto-infantile en Italie, à partir des années cinquante, et tout particulièrement les vingt dernières années qui ont connu un changement de tendance important.
The Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) is one of the two pillars of the Generations and Gender Programme designed to improve understanding of demographic and social development and of the factors ...that influence these developments. This article describes how the theoretical perspectives applied in the survey, the survey design and the questionnaire are related to this objective. The key features of the survey include panel design, multidisciplinarity, comparability, context-sensitivity, inter-generational and gender relationships. The survey applies the life course approach, focussing on the processes of childbearing, partnership dynamics, home leaving, and retiring. The selection of topics for data collection mainly follows the criterion of theoretically grounded relevance to explaining one or more of the mentioned processes. A large portion of the survey deals with economic aspects of life, such as economic activity, income, and economic well-being; a comparably large section is devoted to values and attitudes. Other domains covered by the survey include gender relationships, household composition and housing, residential mobility, social networks and private transfers, education, health, and public transfers. The third chapter of the article describes the motivations for their inclusion. The GGS questionnaire is designed for a face-to-face interview. It includes the core that each participating country needs to implement in full, and four optional sub-modules on nationality and ethnicity, on previous partners, on intentions of breaking up, and on housing, respectively. The participating countries are encouraged to include also the optional sub-modules to facilitate comparative research on these topics.
As in many other industrialized countries, population aging in Italy is disproportionately a phenomenon associated with unmarried women, mainly widows. This article examines the extent to which older ...unmarried women live alone, and the extent to which they receive help in everyday tasks from others outside their households, using data from a large Italian household sample survey conducted in 1983. Older women can either live alone or with others, and may or may not receive external help in either case; thus there are four distinct combinations of outcomes analyzed. In both descriptive bivariate analysis and a multivariate model of the outcomes, we find pronounced differences in behavior according to region of residence, educational level, age, degree of disability, work experience, and pension receipt. The findings indicate the importance of family as a source of help and/or co-residence in situations of need.
Two models are proposed for the microsimulation of the family and an analysis of their structure and life cycle. These models were primarily devised for teaching purposes. Vengono presentati due ...modelli per la microsimulazione di famiglie e per l'analisi della loro struttura e del loro ciclo di vita, creati a scopo prevalentemente didattico. Les deux modèles présentés ici ont été élaborés pour la microsimulation de familles et pour l'analyse de leur structure et de leur cycle de vie. Leur but est surtout didactique.
Two aspects of infant survival in Italy are examined: premature births and stillbirths, in terms of birth order, mother's age (as biological variables), mother's educational background, father's ...occupation (as individual social variables) and the economic/hygienic/health-care conditions of the province of residence (as environmental variables), using a multiple standardization method (log-linear model), to evaluate the effect on the logarithm of the frequency of a response variable of the categories of each explanatory variable, eliminating the effect due to interactions between the response variable and the other explanatory variables, and between the explanatory variables themselves. Vengono esaminati due aspetti della sopravvivenza infantile in Italia: la prematurità e la natimortalità, secondo l'ordine di nascita, l'età della madre (come variabili biologiche), l'istruzione della madre, la professione del padre (come variabili sociali individuali) e le condizioni economiche-igienico-sanitarie della provincia di residenza (come variabile ambientale), utilizzando un metodo di standardizzazione multipla (modello log-lineare), per valutare gli effetti nel logaritmo della frequenza di una variabile-risposta delle modalità di ciascuna variabile esplicativa, dopo aver eliminato l'effetto dovuto alle interazioni fra variabile-risposta e le altre variabili esplicative e fra le variabili esplicative stesse. On examine deux aspects de la survie infantile en Italie: la prématurité et la mortinatalité, selon le rang de naissance, l'âge de la mère (comme variables biologiques), l'instruction de la mère, la profession du père (comme variables sociales individuelles) et selon les conditions économiques hygiéniques et sanitaires de la province de résidence (comme variables de milieu), en utilisant une méthode de standardisation multiple (modèle log-linéaire); ceci, pour évaluer les effects, sur le logarithme, de la fréquence d'une variable-réponse, des modalités de chaque variable explicative, après avoir éliminé l'effet qui est dû aux interactions entre la variable-réponse et les autres variables explicatives et entre les variables explicatives elles-mêmes.
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