The enormous growth of European cities around 1900 was disillusioning: the rapid change was experienced as chaos. Criticisms of dense neighbourhoods, overcrowded flats, unhealthy everyday life and ...the lack of green space in the city grew ever louder. Sweeping reform was demanded that affected urban planning and social and private existence. The vision of the garden city promised a comprehensive alternative to the European city of the past. As a result, new strongly uniform and attractive neighbourhoods emerged in both Swiss and German cities. Ideas of order and discipline, as well as visions of social justice and integration, found visible expression there. At the same time, however, public and motorized transport set in motion a dynamic that disrupted the traditional city fabric and ushered in a comprehensive separation of functions: agglomeration began to take shape. Using Zurich as an example, this book describes the twentieth-century changes to the city; it provides a compact description of social and legal conditions, theoretical positions and their practical implementation in urban planning.
Abstract
The philosopher Muhammad Iqbal is officially seen as the inventor of the idea of Pakistan and is considered to be the national poet of the country. Indeed, he is one of the most important ...Islamic modernists, a source of inspiration for enlightened Islam today, and one of the great philosophers of life in the first half of the 20th century. This article explains the main concepts of philosophy: "self", "love", "intuition", his philosophy of time, his concept of Islam, and his critique of the West. It then traces the influences on his thought from Islamic thinkers, from the Western philosophers Fichte, Kant, Nietzsche, and Bergson, and the Influence of the Indian society he was living in. Iqbal claimed that all his ideas derived from his thorough reading of the Quran. However, the questions that shaped his answers were very much in the form of the European philosophy of the time, and in that of the discourses of his society too.
Caritina Piña Montalvo personified the vital role played by Mexican
women in the anarcho-syndicalist movement. Sonia Hernández tells
the story of how Piña and other Mexicanas in the Gulf of Mexico
...region fought for labor rights both locally and abroad in service
to the anarchist ideal of a worldwide community of workers. An
international labor broker, Piña never left her native Tamaulipas.
Yet she excelled in connecting groups in the United States and
Mexico. Her story explains the conditions that led to
anarcho-syndicalism's rise as a tool to achieve labor and gender
equity. It also reveals how women's ideas and expressions of
feminist beliefs informed their experiences as leaders in and
members of the labor movement.
A vivid look at a radical activist and her times, For a Just
and Better World illuminates the lives and work of Mexican
women battling for labor rights and gender equality in the early
twentieth century.
Academic attention has focused on America's influence on European stage works, and yet dozens of operettas from Austria and Germany were produced on Broadway and in the West End, and their impact on ...the musical life of the early twentieth century is undeniable. In this ground breaking book, Derek B. Scott examines the cultural transfer of operetta from the German stage to Britain and the USA and offers a historical and critical survey of these operettas and their music. In the period 1900–1940, over sixty operettas were produced in the West End, and over seventy on Broadway. A study of these stage works is important for the light they shine on a variety of social topics of the period - from modernity and gender relations to new technology and new media - and these are investigated in the individual chapters. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Comment la publicité, activité encore balbutiante vers 1900, devient-elle en quelques décennies une profession disposant de son propre pavillon à l'Exposition internationale des arts et des ...techniques dans la vie moderne de Paris en 1937 ? Comment s'organisent les publicitaires, sur quelles autres professions prennent-ils modèle ? Quelle est la nature de leurs relations avec les milieux d'affaires, les « rationalisateurs » ou les affichistes ? Comment répondent-ils aux critiques de la publicité murale qui envahit les murs ? Analysant les pratiques collectives des publicitaires et l'apparition de nouvelles techniques commerciales dans la première moitié du xxe siècle, Marie-Emmanuelle Chessel montre comment publicitaires, industriels, commerçants, affichistes, voire détracteurs, participent, parfois de manière conflictuelle, à l'invention de la publicité moderne. Cet ouvrage nous fait voyager dans une France en mutation, confrontée aux valeurs naissantes liées à l'arrivée de la société de consommation.
Por décadas historiadores economicos de América Latina han estudiado las materias primas, para explicar el carácter de las conexiones comerciales internacionales de la región, pero muy pocas han ...reflexionado sobre la ganadería. En este artículo se propone que esta falta de interés se encuentra relacionado con las características propias de las regiones ganaderas. Por ejemplo, examinando el estado brasileño de Mato Grosso, se observa que las dificultades para ingresar en el mercado están relacionadas directamente con la combinación de prioridades contradictórias, ineficiencias, e ideas preconcebidas. Se concluye que esta falta de dinamismo oculta las transformaciones que impactaron de manera significativa otras regiones ganaderas, que merecen más atención en un momento en el que los efectos de la ganadería tropical capta la atención pública.
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