Cijena u ponudi za preuzimanje Tepeš, NIna
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu,
6/2022, Volume:
72, Issue:
1-2
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Rules relating to equitable price to be offered in takeover bid represent corner stone of takeover regulation. They aim to achieve an adequate protection of the minority shareholders and sustain ...effectiveness of capital market, particularly regarding its allocative function. Relevant criteria and their application depend on whether the offeror and/or persons acting in concert with him acquired target company’s voting shares in the period preceding the obligation to publish takeover bid, period from publishing of the bid until its closure for acceptance or period following closure of the takeover bid. As Croatian law departs from solutions adopted in member states that otherwise serve as legislative role models, as well as from certain solutions provided by European instruments, paper proposes teleological interpretation of Art. 16 of Croatian Law on taking over of joint stock companies. By considering the goals of the equitable price rule and internal interconnection with other regulations pertaining to takeover process, special emphasis is given to the precise determination of the moment when the offeror acquires voting shares. Such an approach aims to minimize existing legislative inconsistencies, which often relate to either faulty drafting or legislative intentions aiming to provide an autonomous solution that serves presumed particularities of Croatian capital market.
ES Risks and Shareholder Voice He, Yazhou Ellen; Kahraman, Bige; Lowry, Michelle
The Review of financial studies,
12/2023, Volume:
36, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
We examine whether shareholder votes in environmental and social (ES) proposals are informative about firms’ ES risks. ES proposals are unique in that they nearly always fail. We examine ...whether mutual funds’ support for these failed proposals contains information about the ES risks that firms face. Higher support in failed ES proposals predicts subsequent ES incidents and the effects of these incidents on shareholder value. Examining the detailed records of fund votes, we find that agency frictions between a group of shareholders contribute to proposal failure.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Background and Aim
Because of their survival benefits, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely administered to patients with various advanced‐stage malignancies. During ICI treatment, ...drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) occasionally occurs. In particular, hepatic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are rare but serious and fatal. In patients with hepatic irAEs, immediate steroid treatment is generally recommended; however, the risk factors for ICI‐associated DILI remain unknown. In the present study, we identified a risk factor for ICI‐associated DILI.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients treated with anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, at Asahikawa Medical University Hospital. We investigated grade ≥ 2 hepatotoxic AEs during anti‐PD‐1 therapy, and PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI was then diagnosed according to the Digestive Disease Week Japan (DDW‐J) 2004 scale. The risk factors for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI were identified by Cox hazard analysis.
Results
Thirty‐six patients developed grade ≥ 2 hepatic AEs during anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Among them, eight patients were diagnosed with PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI based on the DDW‐J 2004 scale. Cox hazard analysis revealed that non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a risk factor for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI. In addition, we revealed that the outcomes of patients with the DDW‐J 2004 score = 3 were improved without steroid treatment.
Conclusions
NAFLD is a potential risk factor for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI based on the DDW‐J 2004 scale. The DDW‐J 2004 scale might be useful for determining whether steroid treatment is required in patients with PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI.
Trench-parallel thrust faults verging both landward and seaward were mapped in the portion of wedge located between northern Sumatra and the Indian–Indonesian boundary. The spatial aftershocks ...distribution of the 26th December 2004 earthquake shows that the post-seismic motion is partitioned along two thrust faults, the Lower and Median Thrust Faults, the latter being right-laterally offset by a N–S lower plate fracture zone located along the 93.6° N meridian. Between February 2005 and August 2005, the upper plate aftershock activity shifted from southeast of this fracture zone to northwest of it, suggesting that the lower plate left-lateral motion along the fracture zone may have induced a shift of the upper plate post-seismic activity along the Median Thrust Fault. Based on swath bathymetric and 3.5 kHz data, co-seismic deformations were weak close to the trench. Joint seismic–geodetic determination of slip distribution and time arrivals and heights of tsunami waves suggest that the co-seismic slip was maximum along a portion of the Upper Thrust Fault located north of the Tuba Ridge, suggesting that the Upper Thrust Fault might be a splay fault originated at the interplate fault plane. As the Upper Thrust Fault is steeper than the slab, the vertical motion of the adjacent Outer Arc and overlying water is much larger compared to the one resulting from slip on the megathrust alone, increasing tsunamogenic effects.
The g′r′i′ colors of seven likely and potential contact binaries in the Kuiper Belt were acquired with the Magellan-Baade telescope and combined with colors from the literature to understand contact ...binary surfaces. The likely and potential contact binaries discovered in the dynamically cold classical population display very red/ultra-red colors. Such colors are common in this sub-population and imply that the cold classical contact binaries were formed in situ. The likely contact binaries found in several mean motion resonances with Neptune have colors from moderately to ultra-red, suggesting different formation regions. Among the nine contact binaries discovered in resonances, five have very red/ultra-red colors and four have moderately red surfaces. Based on the very red/ultra-red colors and low to moderate inclinations of the contact binaries in resonances, these contact binaries are possibly escaped dynamically cold classicals that are now trapped in resonances. Moderately red surfaces are common in diverse sub-populations of the Kuiper Belt, thus pinpointing their origin is difficult though they are most likely captured objects that formed in the giant planet area. Finally, for the contact binary population we report an anti-correlation between inclination and g′-r′, as noticed in the rest of this belt. We also find hints of trends between eccentricity, perihelion distance, rotational period, and g′-r′, but as we are still dealing with a limited sample, additional data are required to confirm them.
Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004 Lay, Thorne; Kanamori, Hiroo; Ammon, Charles J ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
05/2005, Volume:
308, Issue:
5725
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The two largest earthquakes of the past 40 years ruptured a 1600-kilometer-long portion of the fault boundary between the Indo-Australian and southeastern Eurasian plates on 26 December 2004 seismic ...moment magnitude (Msubscript w) = 9.1 to 9.3 and 28 March 2005 (Msubscript w = 8.6). The first event generated a tsunami that caused more than 283,000 deaths. Fault slip of up to 15 meters occurred near Banda Aceh, Sumatra, but to the north, along the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, rapid slip was much smaller. Tsunami and geodetic observations indicate that additional slow slip occurred in the north over a time scale of 50 minutes or longer.
Sources of Wage Growth Adda, Jérôme; Dustmann, Christian
The Journal of political economy,
02/2023, Volume:
131, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper investigates the sources of wage growth over the life cycle, determined by sectoral and firm mobility, unobserved ability, the accumulation of cognitive-abstract or routine-manual skills, ...and whether workers enroll in vocational training at the start of their career. Our analysis uses longitudinal administrative data over three decades and shows that routine-manual skills drive early wage growth, while cognitive-abstract skills become more important later. Moreover, job amenities are an important determinant of mobility decisions. Vocational training has long-term effects on career outcomes through various channels and generates returns for both the individual and society.
Air Passenger Rights Bobek, Michal; Prassl, Jeremias
2016, 2016., 2016-01-28
eBook
Regulation 261/2004 on Air Passengers’ Rights has been amongst the most high-profile pieces of EU secondary legislation of the past few years, generating controversial CJEU judgments, from ex parte ...IATA to Sturgeon. The Regulation has led to equally challenging decisions across the Member States, with domestic courts holding that a Regulation could not be relied upon by an individual claimant, or even threatening outright to refuse an application of its provisions. The economic stakes are significant for passengers and airlines alike, and despite the European Commission’s recent publication of reform proposals, controversies appear far from settled. At the same time the Regulation should, according to the Treaty, have the same direct and general application in all the Member States of the Union. How, then, can this diversity be explained? What implications does it have for the EU’s regulatory strategy at large? This book brings together leading experts in the field to present a series of case studies from 15 different Member States, as well as an overview of the extra-territorial application of Regulation 261, combined with high-level analysis from the perspectives of aviation law and EU law. Volume 3 in the series EU Law in the Member States
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