Human serum albumin is found in the intravascular and extracellular space and is the main protein of human blood plasma. Human serum albumin binds water, cations (such as Ca2+, Na+, K+), fatty acids, ...hormones, bilirubin, thyroxin (T4) and pharmaceuticals. Structurally, the serum albumins are similar, each domain containing five or six internal disulfide bonds. In the opening chapter of Human Serum Albumin: Structure, Binding and Activity the authors review, the structure, content and binding of HSA. Then, the role of albumin in free radical trapping activities and as an oxyradical scavenger is described. A discussion of recent advances in the use of the antioxidant properties of human serum albumin to make drugs detectable in vivo is also presented. Human serum albumin has one tryptophan residue and shows a characteristic fluorescence of around 350 nm under ultraviolet irradiation. Because tryptophan is easily oxidized by reactive oxygen species and/or photoexcited molecules through electron transfer (leading to fluorescence diminishment) a fluorometry of this tryptophan residue is a useful tool to evaluate oxidation. In light of these characteristics, the authors examine the photosensitizing activity of organic photosensitizers, including porphyrins and phenothiazine dyes. The use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for the determination of human serum albumin structure, drug binding and in vivo activity is explored, in addition to drug modifications using human serum albumin. Following this, this compilation studies the major approaches for the characterization of human serum albumin as a fluorinated drug delivery agent and fluorinated albumin influence on drug binding. Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated conjugates of albumin and adsorbed human serum albumin on surfaces containing CF3 are also discussed. The concluding study investigates possible similarities and differences in albumin concentration and the presence of tyrosine in urine from a population of healthy and microalbuminuria dependent women. The assessment of subtle changes in albumin concentration, the primary macromolecular component of urine, is critical for the diagnosis of early stage albuminuria, one of the major complications in nephropathy.
A magnetized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared via a surface-imprinting technique. An allyl-based deep eutectic solvent was chosen as the functional monomer to obtain the polymer for ...specific recognition of lysozyme. It was deposited on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles. The structure of the polymer was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry. The maximum binding capacity of the imprinted polymer is found to be 108 mg·g
−1
, which is higher than that of non-imprinted polymer. Compared to reference proteins such as cytochrome C, bovine hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin, the MIP shows favorable selectivity for lysozyme. Besides, the imprinted polymer can be further used to specifically recognize lysozyme from the protein mixture and chicken egg white. Reusability studies demonstrate that the polymer can be recycled four times without significant loss of adsorption capacity. The LOD of the method is 12.8 μg·mL
−1
. The relative standard deviations (for n = 3) are 1.38% for precision and 2.76% for repeatability. Its facile synthesis, high adsorption performance and excellent selectivity to capture lysozyme make this polymer an attractive candidate to be applied in biomacromolecular purification.
Graphical abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on deep eutectic solvent as functional monomer was fabricated and applied for the specific recognition of lysozyme. The MIP exhibits high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity for lysozyme.
The Japanese quail is one of the smallest bird subspecies which has been tamed by man, being industrially raised in our days in many states over the world. This avian subspecies produces over 300 ...eggs, and though there are about 6 races and different varieties, there are very little data in the scientific literature regarding the quality values for eggs of Japanese quail hatching eggs collected from hens at the end of the laying – physical values (pH value of the eggs components, albumen index, yolk index) The present paper wants to bring a series of data regarding some of these indicators. The pH values was determined with an portable pH-oximeter, and to establish the other two quality indexes we used a device fitted with callipers taking into account: height of the dense egg white (albumen), minimum and maximum diameter of the dense and fluid egg white, height and the diameter of the yolk. The albumen pH recorded values of 8.90, and the yolk pH values of 6.07. The statistical mean for the 130 values of albumen index taken in study was 0.048. The mean value of yolk index was 0.399. The obtained results are normal for the period of quail’s life.
To uncover a diversity of genetic and biological unknowns, a comprehensive and comparative proteomic analysis is performed on egg albumen of domestic chicken, duck, goose, turkey, quail, and pigeon ...with tandem mass tags quantification technology. In this study, a total of 148, 138, 150, 162, 183, and 179 proteins are identified in egg albumen of the above six species, respectively. Venn plots, PCA, and cluster analysis all reveal the highest similarity of protein composition between duck and goose (≈75%). Additionally, the six species have 52 proteins detected in common in the egg albumen. As revealed by GO and pathway analyses, the plausible functions of these highly conserved proteins are to provide a secure environment and prevent the early death of embryonic cells. Species‐specific proteins such as haptoglobin in pigeon, serpin‐like protein HMSD in duck, and ovodefensin in chicken are also screened and are likely associated with species‐dependent biological processes. Furthermore, Enzyme Code analysis indicated egg albumen have abundant enzyme activity, with hydrolases accounting for more than half of the total enzymes. This study is the first to provide the proteome profiles of egg albumen for the major poultry species, which will be instructive for the understanding of species‐specific biological problems with egg albumen.
In article 1908291, Muhammad M. Rahman, Pulickel M. Ajayan, and co‐workers present a conformal bio‐nanocomposite coating based on cellulose nanocrystals and poly(albumen) that increases the ...shelf‐life of fresh produce by retarding ripening, dehydration, and microbial attack. The coating is edible, easily washable, and made from readily available inexpensive materials, which makes it a promising solution to combat food wastage.
Flexible bio-memristive (FBM) devices utilizing chicken egg albumen (CEA):Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle nanocomposites were fabricated on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene naphthalate ...(PEN) substrates. Current-voltage (I-V) curves for the Al/CEA:Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle/ITO/PEN devices showed clockwise current hysteresis behaviors due to the existence of the CEA:Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle nanocomposites. The endurance number of the ON/OFF switching for the FBM devices was above 102 cycles. An ON/OFF current ratio of 1 × 105 was maintained for retention times longer than 1 × 104 s. The memory characteristics of the FBM devices after bending were similar to those before bending. The memory margin and the stability of FBM devices were enhanced due to the embedded Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. The switching mechanisms occurring in the Al/CEA:Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle/ITO-coated PEN devices are described on the basis of the I-V results and the filament mechanisms.
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms that impact variability in albumen quality of laying hens from the peak of lay to the late production phase. A 60-wk study was conducted on a cohort of 20,000 ...Hy-Line Brown laying hens from 20 to 80 wk old. Before commencement at 20 wk, the 10-wk-old hens were acclimatized for 10 wk. This study examined changes in albumen quality, serum, and liver antioxidant capacity, magnum morphology, and expression of albumen-protein-related genes in the magnum. To reduce sampling error, we collected eggs (n = 90) from pre-determined cages at every sampling point (5-wk intervals), and 8 hens were selected at 10-wk intervals for blood and tissue collection. Our findings revealed that age significantly affected most evaluated parameters. Albumen gel properties, including hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). With the increasing of hens' age from 20 to 80 wk, the albumen proportion of eggs was decreased, but eggshell proportion, yolk proportion, thick albumen proportion, thick to thin ratio, thick albumen solid content, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were increased and then decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to hens aged 20 to 60 wk, the hens (70–80 wk) had significantly reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione levels (GSH) in the liver and lower serum TAC and superoxide dismutase levels (SOD) (P < 0.05). The magnum mucosal folds were highest in 40 to 60 wk-old hens, and the luminal diameter increased with age (P < 0.05). In the magnum, the mRNA expression levels for OVA, CPE, and NUP205 increased significantly between 30 and 40 wk, while FBN1 expression was higher between 30 and 50 wk (P < 0.05). At 70 to 80 wk, the expression of BRCA2 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Albumen height, thick albumen proportion with protein secretion-related genes, enhanced antioxidant function, and luminal diameter correlated positively. However, the thick-to-thin albumen ratio negatively correlated with BRCA2, downregulated in aged laying hens. We used principal component and cluster analysis to deduce albumen quality changes during 3 phases: 25 to 35, 40 to 55, and 60 to 80 wk. The decline in albumen quality in aging hens is linked with decreased antioxidant capacity, magnum health, and downregulation of key genes involved in protein synthesis and secretion. These findings emphasize critical albumen quality changes in laying hens and suggest molecular pathways underlying age-related albumen quality alterations.
► PANiEB was used as the additive to modify PSf ultrafiltration membrane. ► Homogeneous casting solution was easily prepared due to the solubility of PANiEB in NMP. ► PANiEB acts as both pore forming ...agent and hydrophilic modifier during membrane formation. ► PSf/PANiEB membrane exhibits stable water flux during compaction, enhanced permeability and antifouling property.
Emeraldine base polyaniline (PANiEB), which is mostly soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and slightly soluble in water, was used as the additive to prepare polysulfone (PSf)/PANiEB membrane via immersion precipitation process. The behavior of PANiEB during membrane formation and the effect of PANiEB addition on membrane structure and performance were investigated. During membrane formation, a portion of PANiEB, located near the surface of the casting film, could diffuse out of the casting film along with NMP into the coagulation bath and act as pore forming agent. The other portion of PANiEB could remain in the prepared membrane and act as hydrophilic modifier. All the PSf/PANiEB membranes had higher porosity, larger surface pore size, more vertically interconnected finger-like pores and less macrovoids than PSf membrane. PSf/PANiEB membranes exhibited stable pure water flux during membrane compaction at 0.30
MPa TMP and slower pure water flux decline at 0.5
MPa TMP than PSf/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) membranes. Pure water fluxes of PSf/PANiEB membranes were 1.7–2.8 times that of PSf membrane while rejection property including bovine serum albumin, egg albumin and trypsin rejections changed slightly. BSA ultrafiltration experiment showed that PSf/PANiEB membranes had higher flux and better antifouling property than PSf membrane.
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