This paper analyzes the electromagnetic and thermal design of interior permanent magnet motors using filled slots and hairpin windings for electric vehicle applications. Two models of ∇ shape of the ...interior permanent magnet motors have been proposed to evaluate the temperature distribution and cogging torque performance. A narrow opening slot of the interior permanent magnet of 48 slots/8 poles with the filled winding has been designed to investigate the electromagnetic torque because the cogging torque depends on opening stator slots. A parallel–rectangle slot of the interior permanent magnet with the hairpin winding has been also implemented with finite element analysis to evaluate their performances. Normally, the slot opening of the interior permanent magnet stator equals the slot width, it is greater than the size of hairpin windings, and the cogging torque is increased significantly with a bigger slot opening. The main advantage of the hairpin winding design is the high slot fill factors. Hence, the lower the current density, the higher torque, and efficiency are, than the normal design with the same geometry parameters. To improve the cogging torque due to the wide slot opening, the step–skew rotor slices have been arranged to minimize the torque ripple with different skewing angles.
Abstract
Solid-state transformer (SST) is one of the new technologies that has kept pace with the development of renewable energy sources such as the solar energy and wind turbines. The SST consists ...of a high-frequency (HF) transformer and power electronic converter at both ends of the HF transformer. Despite the high efficiency of the traditional transformers, is they are quite large in size and also very heavy. In order to reduce the size and weight of the transformers, SST is used as an alternative for the conventional transformer which also brings along other advantages. The type of core material, the type of wire used, and the method of winding the coils on the HF transformer core affects the core losses, copper losses, the cost, efficiency, and power density of the HF transformer. In this paper a new method has been proposed to form the core of the HF transformer used in SST where a hollow core is used, thus reducing the size and weight of the HF transformer along with the reduction in the core loss. The proposed core is designed using ANSYS Maxwell 3D software in addition to calculating the inductance matrix and the coupling coefficient. Finally, the proposed model of a high-frequency transformer was simulated using MATLAB Simulink software.
Summary
Inductive power transfer (IPT) is a recently developed technique for charging batteries in wireless devices where the transfer of energy from the power source to the load is carried out ...without electrical contact. In this paper, inductive power and data transfer (IPDT) system is developed for charging the EV battery and simultaneously monitoring the battery SoC. The flux density and the mutual inductance of the coupled coils are computed using FEM Ansys Maxwell software. Based on the computation results, the IPT system is designed. The IPT system is integrated with the data transmission module employing full‐duplex communication. SN (Series‐None) compensation topology is adopted for the designed IPDT. The frequency division multiplexing technique is used to increase the data rate of data transfer, as well as avoid interference from data signals to the power signal, which are transferred through a series tank injector/extractor and parallel tank rejecter circuits. The prototype IPDT system was developed in the laboratory, and it was experimentally shown that 44 W of power was transmitted simultaneously with a data signal at 288 kbps, which verifies the theory proposed in this paper.
Full‐duplex communication module is employed in SN (Series‐None) topology‐based inductive power transfer (IPT) system for responding quickly to the emergency information. It is simple and more economical. The LC tank properties are used for realizing full‐duplex module. Inductive power and data transfer (IPDT) is developed in laboratory and evaluated for 50 mm and 100 mm distances. Power transferred at the two distances are 44 W and 33.1 W. Data transfer rate is unaffected by changing distance and is 288 kbps in both cases.
Active magnetic bearing consists of different parts, an actuator being the essential part of that. Depending on construction, electromagnetic power in various actuator structures is unique. This ...paper offers an experimental description of the study using simulation and evaluation of an I-type single-axis active magnetic bearing. The test will be carried out with multiple air gaps in simulation and then results will be implemented in hardware. An I-type actuator has a more attractive force than any other form and is also easy to design. Here, three configurations are prepared to verify the resistance, inductance profile, and attraction force. A DC and AC test is performed to measure resistance and inductance. A ferromagnetic object is known to be a rotor below the electromagnet or actuator is placed to measure the inductance profile and attraction force by increasing the air gap. Simulation and experimental results are analyzed and compared with the proposed system and presented in this manuscript.
An induction heating machine (IHM) generates magnetic flux density (B) and high temperature for combining precious metals as products in a jewelry factory. Since factories require new generation IHMs ...for increased productivity and cost savings, a dual coil IHM development approach is presented here to replace conventional, single-coil IHM using electromagnetic analysis (EMA). First, the experiments and the EMA investigated B generated by a conventional one using the factory operating condition. Both agreed, confirming the methodology and reliability of the EMA, which was analyzed to determine Bp. The Bp represents a B property for the new dual coil IHM to be expected to generate a comparable signal to the single coil. Then, in development, two novel designs of dual coil IHM (series and parallel) were investigated based on current flow circuits. For these designs, Bp was investigated using the EMA. As expected, the EMA results showed that both coils generated a different Bp, which was unfortunately incompatible with the conventional IHM and thus was inappropriate in actual use. However, the series dual coil showed better applicability since it generated B higher than the parallel coil under the same operating conditions. Next, the EMA was applied to determine the Bp of the series dual coil by varying the applied current (I), frequency (f), number of coil turns (N), and distance between coils (d). Finally, the EMA results revealed two options of the series dual coil with the optimum I, f, N, and d generating Bp comparable to the conventional IHM, as intended, achieving the factory's need with two times the productivity.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has become an increasingly popular technology for charging electronic devices wirelessly. One of the key challenges in WPT is increasing efficiency and reducing ...different losses in coils caused by the higher air gap and coil coupling between the primary and secondary coils. Ferrite shielding is a common technique used to reduce losses and increase the coupling in WPT systems. In this paper, we present an analysis and comparison study of the effect of ferrite shielding thickness (
F
T
) on the electromagnetic parameters of WPT systems. We investigate the impact of varying the ferrite shielding thickness on parameters such as power transfer efficiency, coupling coefficient (k), and magnetic field strength (B). Our results show that increasing the ferrite shielding thickness can significantly reduce losses and improve the performance of WPT systems. Also, analyze the trade-off between ferrite shielding thickness and power transfer efficiency and provide guidelines for selecting an optimal thickness for a given application. This study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization with weight vs. coupling comparison for WPT systems using ferrite shielding. It can help inform the development of future WPT technologies. The result obtained through simulation, i.e., coil-to-coil efficiency, is 98.88 to 99.7360% at 6.78MHz frequency for a 5-mm- to 50-mm-thick ferrite rectangular coupler using ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS simplorer software.
This paper presents a novel auxiliary slot interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motor. It not only plays the role of magnetic isolation and reduces the eddy-current (EC) loss, but also facilitates the ...ventilation and heat dissipation of the rotor. Initially, using a high-speed 6-slot and 4-pole IPM motor as an example, the structure characteristics of the auxiliary slot permanent-magnet (PM) motor with magnetic isolation and heat dissipation are explained. Subsequently, the finite-element method (FEM) is employed to conduct a multi-objective optimization design on the characteristic parameters of the auxiliary slot. Additionally, the electromagnetic performance of the 6-slot and 4-pole IPM motor is systematically analyzed and evaluated. Furthermore, in order to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation, the auxiliary slot structure was investigated. The heat dissipation capacity of the auxiliary slot was further enhanced by analyzing various shapes of auxiliary slots. The results demonstrate that the proposed auxiliary slot structure can significantly reduce the EC loss, and the heat dissipation effect is also greatly enhanced. Finally, the prototype is proofed by decreasing the volume, and the relevant experimental verification is carried out.
Properties of powder core based inductors when utilised in a passive filter of the voltage source inverter are investigated to highlight the importance of considering the soft-saturation nature of ...powder materials in determining the inductance when subjected to varying load current. Simulations were carried out in ANSYS Maxwell and Simplorer to understand the magnetic behaviour of inductors under pulse width modulation in a three-phase inverter. Variation of the effective inductance due to soft saturation nature of the powder cores is utilised to achieve the inductance demanded by the passive filter at the design stage.
In this paper, the performance, modelling and application of a planar electromagnetic sensor are discussed. Due to the small size profiles and their non-contact nature, planar sensors are widely used ...due to their simple and basic design. The paper discusses the experimentation and the finite element modelling (FEM) performed for developing the design of planar coils. In addition, the paper investigates the performance of various topologies of planar sensors when they are used in inductive sensing. This technique has been applied to develop a new displacement sensor. The ANSYS Maxwell FEM package has been used to analyse the models while varying the topologies of the coils. For this purpose, different models in FEM were constructed and then tested with topologies such as circular, square and hexagon coil configurations. The described methodology is considered an effective way for the development of sensors based on planar coils with better performance. Moreover, it also confirms a good correlation between the experimental data and the FEM models. Once the best topology is chosen based on performance, an optimisation exercise was then carried out using uncertainty models. That is, the influence of variables such as number of turns and the spacing between the coils on the output inductance has been investigated. This means that the combined effects of these two variables on the output inductance was studied to obtain the optimum values for the number of turns and the spacing between the coils that provided the highest level of inductance from the coils. Integrated sensor systems are a pre-requisite for developing the concept of smart cities in practice due to the fact that the individual sensors can hardly meet the demands of smart cities for complex information. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical concept of smart cities and the integrated sensor systems.
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