The field of machine learning has matured to the point where many sophisticated learning approaches can be applied to practical applications. Thus it is of critical importance that researchers have ...the proper tools to evaluate learning approaches and understand the underlying issues. This book examines various aspects of the evaluation process with an emphasis on classification algorithms. The authors describe several techniques for classifier performance assessment, error estimation and resampling, obtaining statistical significance as well as selecting appropriate domains for evaluation. They also present a unified evaluation framework and highlight how different components of evaluation are both significantly interrelated and interdependent. The techniques presented in the book are illustrated using R and WEKA, facilitating better practical insight as well as implementation. Aimed at researchers in the theory and applications of machine learning, this book offers a solid basis for conducting performance evaluations of algorithms in practical settings.
Karawo is a traditional embroidered cloth for the people of the Gorontalo region. Currently karawo has been widely used by the surrounding community and the outside community in the form of souvenirs ...or other things. On the one hand, the Gorontalo Region is an area that has many cultures and customs. We need to protect and preserve this culture so that this culture does not quickly become extinct. The lack of karawo motif designs that have a Gorontalo regional cultural philosophy causes karawo craftsmen to lack ideas to design karawo motifs in various design variations. This can be overcome by creating a system that can make several variations of the karawo motif design with the help of computer algorithms. The development of this karawo motif design uses several object or image transformation functions, namely rotation, translation, mirror, flip and zoom functions. To enrich the object so that it looks varied, arithmetic operations and boolean operations are also used to value the color component of each point in the image. The usability measurement results show that the eligibility value of usefulness is 85.71%, ease of use is 100%, ease of learning is 85.71% and satisfaction is 92.86%. The average of all dimensions is 91.07% or it is included in the very satisfied category.
This important text and reference for researchers and students in machine learning, game theory, statistics and information theory offers a comprehensive treatment of the problem of predicting ...individual sequences. Unlike standard statistical approaches to forecasting, prediction of individual sequences does not impose any probabilistic assumption on the data-generating mechanism. Yet, prediction algorithms can be constructed that work well for all possible sequences, in the sense that their performance is always nearly as good as the best forecasting strategy in a given reference class. The central theme is the model of prediction using expert advice, a general framework within which many related problems can be cast and discussed. Repeated game playing, adaptive data compression, sequential investment in the stock market, sequential pattern analysis, and several other problems are viewed as instances of the experts' framework and analyzed from a common nonstochastic standpoint that often reveals new and intriguing connections.
As seen in "a NULL" Wired and "a NULL" Time
A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms
Run a Google search for "black ...girls"-what will you find? "Big Booty" and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in "white girls," the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about "why black women are so sassy" or "why black women are so angry" presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society.
In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color.
Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance-operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond-understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance.
An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century.
Safiya Noble discusses search engine bias in an interview with USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism
Optimisation is one of the unavoidable key subjects in engineering and other real-world problems, which attracts researchers’ and practitioners’ attention for decades. On the other hand, ...computational algorithms nowadays play a definitive role in most real-life applications, from mobile phones to supercomputers, Internet servers, manufacturing, etc. An intelligent method for the enumeration of feasible solutions may lead to efficient computational algorithms. Swarm intelligence emerges as a rather new and novel of field computational intelligence that turned into a hot spot in optimization studies last two decades. This book brings together a number of research articles within the intersection of these two prominent subjects, which introduces techniques and approaches in detail and demonstrates how optimisation problems can be solved with heuristic and swarm intelligence approaches. It contains a few contributions on Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) area, which is one of renown swarm optimisation approaches that will shed light to issues around optimisation with swarm intelligence to guide junior researchers with implementation details provided.
Determining the toxicity of chemicals is necessary to identify their harmful effects on humans, animals, plants, or the environment. It is also one of the main steps in drug design. Animal models ...have been used for a long time for toxicity testing. However, in vivo animal tests are constrained by time, ethical considerations, and financial burden. Therefore, computational methods for estimating the toxicity of chemicals are considered useful. In silico toxicology is one type of toxicity assessment that uses computational methods to analyze, simulate, visualize, or predict the toxicity of chemicals. In silico toxicology aims to complement existing toxicity tests to predict toxicity, prioritize chemicals, guide toxicity tests, and minimize late‐stage failures in drugs design. There are various methods for generating models to predict toxicity endpoints. We provide a comprehensive overview, explain, and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the existing modeling methods and algorithms for toxicity prediction with a particular (but not exclusive) emphasis on computational tools that can implement these methods and refer to expert systems that deploy the prediction models. Finally, we briefly review a number of new research directions in in silico toxicology and provide recommendations for designing in silico models. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:147–172. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1240
This article is categorized under:
Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Computer and Information Science > Databases and Expert Systems
Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
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