Sacrificial Limbs chronicles the everyday lives and political activism of disabled veterans of Turkey's Kurdish war, one of the most volatile conflicts in the Middle East. Through nuanced ...ethnographic portraits, Açiksöz examines how veterans' experiences of war and disability are closely linked to class, gender, and ultimately the embrace of ultranationalist right-wing politics. Bringing the reader into military hospitals, commemorations, political demonstrations, and veterans' everyday spaces of care, intimacy, and activism,Sacrificial Limbs provides a vivid analysis of the multiple and sometimes contradictory forces that fashion veterans' bodies, political subjectivities, and communities. It is essential reading for students and scholars interested in anthropology, masculinity, and disability.
Many people are shocked upon discovering that tens of thousands of innocent persons in the United States were involuntarily sterilized, forced into institutions, and otherwise maltreated within the ...course of the eugenic movement (1900–30). Such social control efforts are easier to understand when we consider the variety of dehumanizing and fear-inducing rhetoric propagandists invoke to frame their potential victims. This book details the major rhetorical themes employed within the context of eugenic propaganda, drawing largely on original sources of the period. Early in the twentieth century the term “moron” was developed to describe the primary targets of eugenic control. This book demonstrates how the image of moronity in the United States was shaped by eugenicists. This book will be of interest not only to disability and eugenic scholars and historians, but to anyone who wants to explore the means by which pejorative metaphors are used to support social control efforts against vulnerable community groups.
Intellectual disability is usually thought of as a form of internal, individual affliction, little different from diabetes, paralysis or chronic illness. This study, the first book-length application ...of discursive psychology to intellectual disability, shows that what we usually understand as being an individual problem is actually an interactional, or social, product. Through a range of case studies, which draw upon ethnomethodological and conversation analytic scholarship, the book shows how persons categorized as 'intellectually disabled' are produced, as such, in and through their moment-by-moment interaction with care staff and other professionals. Mark Rapley extends and reformulates current work in disability studies and offers a reconceptualisation of intellectual disability as both a professionally ascribed diagnostic category and an accomplished - and contested - social identity. Importantly, the book is grounded in data drawn from naturally-occurring, rather than professionally orchestrated, social interaction.
In the postmodern era, when the interface of bodies, biologies and technologies increasingly challenges the very notion of what counts as human, this open access book proposes new understandings of ...the limits and possible extensions of posthuman embodiment. Focusing on prostheses, Margrit Shildrick broadens our understanding of both what prostheses are and what they might mean for human embodiment. As well as rehabilitation devices used by disabled people to replace or augment impaired parts of the body, Shildrick introduces visceral organic prostheses, which involve any cellular material that cannot be identified with the self, from organ transplantation to the physiological processes of microchimerism and the microbiome. Beyond origin narratives that concentrate on ‘host’ and ‘guest’ and ‘self’ and ‘other’, she examines the transformative possibilities that prostheses offer as they extend the nature of the embodied self beyond genetic singularity. Building on cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in critical disability studies, transplantation studies, and bioscience, Visceral Prostheses argues that bodies with prostheses in whatever form should no longer be understood as irregular forms of normative embodiment, but as limit cases of a common experience. In doing so, it challenges the western understanding of the singular self and welcomes a new understanding of the human. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
Abstract
Objective: The study's purpose was to identify and synthesize research evidence regarding the effect of the environment on community participation of children with disabilities. Methods: A ...scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published from 1990 to 2011 was performed. Two independent reviewers selected studies based on a systematic procedure. Inclusion criteria for studies were: participants with a disability, aged 5-21 years, whose environment was examined in relation to participation in out-of-school activities. Data were organized and synthesized based on environmental domains within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Natural Environment/Products and Technology; Support and Relationships; Attitudes; and Services, Systems and Policies. Results: Searching identified 1232 articles and 31 met the inclusion criteria. Each domain of the environment within the ICF influenced participation as a facilitator and/or barrier. The most common facilitators involved social support of family and friends and geographic location. The most common barriers included attitudes, physical environment, transportation, policies and the lack of support from staff and service providers. Conclusions: Knowledge derived from this review can assist practitioners in addressing the specific environmental domains that influence children's participation. Such awareness can also foster new research questions and assist policy makers in identifying the factors influencing participation.Implications for RehabilitationAll domains of the environment, suggested by the ICF, have an influence on children's participation.Evidence regarding the effect of the environment on participation is focused primarily on children with physical disabilities; more studies are needed involving various health conditions and age groups.Practitioners and decision-makers can focus attention on specific aspects of the environment, e.g. attitudinal challenges and social support, in order to foster inclusion and participation-based communities.
In a challenge to current thinking about cognitive impairment, this book
explores what it means to treat people with intellectual disabilities in an ethical
manner. Reassessing philosophical views of ...intellectual disability, Licia Carlson
shows how we can affirm the dignity and worth of intellectually disabled people
first by ending comparisons to nonhuman animals and then by confronting our fears
and discomforts. Carlson presents the complex history of ideas about cognitive
disability, the treatment of intellectually disabled people, and social and cultural
reactions to them. Sensitive and clearly argued, this book offers new insights on
recent trends in disability studies and philosophy.
Purpose: Existing research has explored the barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation for young people with disability from the perspective of young people and their families. ...However, little research has investigated the views of clinicians who facilitate access to physical activity programs and compared this with their child client's perspectives.
Method: Interviews were conducted with six allied health and sports development professionals associated with a programme which supports access to recreation and sporting activities. Interviews explored facilitators and barriers to physical activity experienced by their clients. Open-ended survey questions investigating barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation were also completed by 28 young people with disability aged 10-17 years who were clients of this programme.
Results: The most salient facilitator of participation described by clinicians was "planning programs to promote success and inclusion." Young people described two main facilitators; "the right people make physical activity fun!" and, similar to clinicians, "appropriate and inclusive opportunities to be active." The most salient barriers identified by clinicians were "practical limitations" and "time constraints and priorities," and a novel barrier raised was "whose choice?" The "lack of accessible and inclusive opportunities" was the most pertinent barrier for young people.
Conclusions: Clinicians should determine both parent and young person commitment to a physical activity before enrolment. Lack of commitment can act as a barrier to physical activity and a more appropriate intervention could focus on increasing awareness of the benefits of being active, drawing on a Stages of Change based model of service delivery.
Implications for rehabilitation
Rehabilitation professionals seeking to increase physical activity participation for young people with physical disability should discuss readiness and motivation to change prior to any activity/sports referral.
Different behaviour change processes are required for young people and for their parents and both are important to achieve physical activity participation.
Regular monitoring is important to identify on-going physical and psychological barriers to participation, even for those who were already active.
Clinicians should be aware that teenagers may be more ready to be active as they develop greater independence and should raise awareness of the benefits of physical activity.
Modeling a disability culture perspective on performance
practice toward socially just futures In Eco
Soma , Petra Kuppers asks readers to be alert to their own
embodied responses to art practice and ...to pay attention to
themselves as active participants in a shared sociocultural world.
Reading contemporary performance encounters and artful engagements,
this book models a disability culture sensitivity to living in a
shared world, oriented toward more socially just futures.
Eco soma methods mix and merge realities on the edges of lived
experience and site-specific performance. Kuppers invites us to
become moths, sprout gills, listen to our heart's drum, and take
starships into crip time. And fantasy is central to these
engagements: feeling/sensing monsters, catastrophes, golden lines,
heartbeats, injured sharks, dotted salamanders, kissing mammoths,
and more. Kuppers illuminates ecopoetic disability culture
perspectives, contending that disabled people and their
co-conspirators make art to live in a changing world, in contact
with feminist, queer, trans, racialized, and Indigenous art
projects. By offering new ways to think, frame, and feel
"environments," Kuppers focuses on art-based methods of envisioning
change and argues that disability can offer imaginative ways toward
living well and with agency in change, unrest, and challenge.
Traditional somatics teach us how to fine-tune our introspective
senses and to open up the world of our own bodies, while eco soma
methods extend that attention toward the creative possibilities of
the reach between self, others, and the land. Eco Soma
proposes an art/life method of sensory tuning to the inside and the
outside simultaneously, a method that allows for a wider opening
toward ethical cohabitation with human and more-than-human
others.
Americans' perceptions of childhood disability have changed dramatically over the past century, as have their ideas about health and illness, medical developments, threats to children's health and ...development, and expectations for child functioning. Neal Halfon, Amy Houtrow, Kandyce Larson, and Paul Newacheck examine how these changes have influenced the risk of poor health and disability and how recent policies to address the needs of children with disabilities have evolved. The authors examine the prevalence in the United States of childhood disability and of the conditions responsible for impairment, as well as trends in the prevalence of chronic conditions associated with disability. They find that childhood disability is increasing and that emotional, behavioral, and neurological disabilities are now more prevalent than physical impairments. They stress the importance of, and lack of progress in, improving socioeconomic disparities in disability prevalence, as well as the need for better measures and greater harmonization of data and data sources across different child-serving agencies and levels of government. They call on policy makers to strengthen existing data systems to advance understanding of the causes of childhood disabilities and guide the formulation of more strategic, responsive, and effective policies, programs, and interventions. The authors offer a new and forward-looking definition of childhood disability that reflects emerging and developmentally responsive notions of childhood health and disability. They highlight the relationship between health, functioning, and the environment; the gap in function between a child's abilities and the norm; and how that gap limits the child's ability to engage successfully with his or her world. Their definition also recognizes the dynamic nature of disability and how the experience of disability can be modified by the child's environment.
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