Cet article a pour objectif d'étudier les nouvelles formules commerciales digitales, le drive et la livraison à domicile (LAD), proposées par les grandes surfaces alimentaires (GSA). Aussi, nous ...avons tout d'abord réalisé un état des lieux des évolutions des formules commerciales en GSA tout en menant, dans un second temps, une enquête empirique auprès de 2 292 individus résidant en région Bretagne et en Loire-Atlantique. L'objectif de l'enquête était de déterminer la perception, le degré de satisfaction ainsi que les besoins et attentes des consommateurs vis-à-vis du drive et du LAD tant au niveau numérique qu'au niveau du canal physique. Au regard des résultats, nous discutons les stratégies à envisager par les GSA.
L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier le parcours du client en Drive, d'un point de vue numérique et d'un point de vue physique. Plus précisément, les auteurs ont étudié la satisfaction globale des ...clients de cette nouvelle formule de service en menant une enquête empirique auprès d'un territoire spécifique : la Bretagne. Au regard des résultats, le logigramme de la valeur ajoutée sui-generis du Drive est présenté en termes de parcours client révélant ainsi les points d'échec de la nouvelle formule de services.
Cet article a pour objectif d'étudier les comportements des utilisateurs de Drive vis à vis d'une enseigne. Il s'agit aussi de comprendre comment et dans quelle mesure le management de la relation de ...service initiée par le Drive va impacter les schémas de logistique urbaine développés par les enseignes de distribution.
High-torque motors in direct-drive applications are advantageous especially with regard to the current trend of compact, cost-effective system integration. This paper discusses the concept of ...segmenting a synchronous machine and the resulting beneficial motor modularisation. Thereby, high-efficient, inverter-driven torque motors are possible, preferably for a speed range of up to 3000 rpm. The output power can be scaled from a few kilowatt up to higher power levels. This modularised, high-efficient motor enables a new dimension of system integration for many industries and applications. The motor segmentation, furthermore, allows an overall drive system cost optimisation while reducing the maintenance intensive components. How the drive-train cost changes when using a segmented motor is compared to a conventional belt-driven system.
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has existed as a field of study since the 1970s, but the field was born out of the Cold War. In the decades since the 1960s, pioneering research developing the ...principles and technologies of ICF has culminated in the creation of three major Department of Energy facilities that still exist today: the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, and the Z pulsed power facility at Sandia National Laboratories. While the technology of ICF facilities themselves is interesting, this review concentrates upon the physics principles of the targets fielded on U.S. ICF facilities and upon results from the last decade of research. While there have been periods of frustration on the road to ICF ignition, recent research has demonstrated great leaps in understanding what aspects of the implosions need more control. Tangible progress in ICF is evident as burning plasmas and ignited plasmas have recently been generated, repeatedly, on the NIF stemming from decades of science and engineering understanding generated from work at the three previously mentioned facilities and in the international community.
The next-generation integrated drive (NGID) is an 80 kW demonstrator showcasing the latest innovations in high power density electric drive technology. A prototype 30 krpm maximum speed permanent ...magnet synchronous machine for an automotive traction application is under construction. This study describes several aspects of the detailed design and how these fit together in the complete drive package to increase the power density of the NGID.
CRISPR-based homing gene drives have sparked both enthusiasm and deep concerns due to their potential for genetically altering entire species. This raises the question about our ability to prevent ...the unintended spread of such drives from the laboratory into a natural population. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the suitability of synthetic target site drives as well as split drives as flexible safeguarding strategies for gene drive experiments by showing that their performance closely resembles that of standard homing drives in
. Using our split drive system, we further find that maternal deposition of both Cas9 and gRNA is required to form resistance alleles in the early embryo and that maternally-deposited Cas9 alone can power germline drive conversion in individuals that lack a genomic source of Cas9.
This study investigates the angle of phase shift between interleaved carriers in pulse-width modulation, as an additional design parameter to reduce the DC link stress of a five-phase drive. Several ...phase shift strategies are studied and defined with a focus on the DC link root-mean-square current. The effect of adjusting the phase shift between interleaved carriers on the DC link stress is analysed and a general mathematical model is proposed to estimate the effect for any phase shift strategy. The trends predicted by simulations and analytical models have been validated through the application of the control algorithm on a five-phase motor drive system.
•A comprehensive review of recent studies on the non-resonant piezoelectric actuators is provided.•The operating principles, structures, performances and applications of non-resonant piezoelectric ...actuators are discussed.•The future development perspectives of non-resonant piezoelectric actuators are discussed.
Various non-resonant piezoelectric actuators have been emerged in recent decades and they have been applied successfully in many industrial fields, such as medical apparatuses, optical instruments and semiconductor technologies. They are generally classified into three categories according to their different working principles: the direct drive type, the inertial drive type and the inchworm type, respectively. The main contribution of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of recent studies on the non-resonant type piezoelectric actuators. In this review, the operating principles, some representative designs, performance analyses and practical applications of each type of non-resonant piezoelectric actuators are provided. Finally, a summary is concluded and the future development perspectives of these non-resonant type piezoelectric actuators are discussed. This review contributes to giving a comprehensive understanding of the non-resonant type piezoelectric actuators. It also provides guidance on designing new piezoelectric actuators for improving their mechanical output performances.
In this paper, a predictive speed controller (PSC) based on finite control set model predictive control is developed for electric drives. The large difference between the mechanical and electrical ...time constants necessitates long prediction horizons for a direct PSC (DPSC) strategy to be implemented. Therefore, the computation burden for online solving of the optimization problem critically increases even for low-complexity topologies, whereas the DPSC implementation becomes impossible for high-complexity inverters. Additionally, due to the absence of a PI controller in DPSC methods, stability issues arise; therefore, special care is mandated for eliminating steady-state errors. By using proper weighting of the speed errors, along with the current errors, in the cost function of the proposed PSC, the use of many prediction steps becomes unessential. For considering the current dynamics, a linear controller is incorporated in the control law of developed PSC offering improved system behavior, whereas the consideration of the speed errors allows achieving fast response characteristics. The proposed strategy is experimentally evaluated through examining reference and disturbance step changes of a PMSM drive with the three-level neutral-point clamped inverter. Finally, the proposed controller operation is experimentally compared with a predictive torque and speed control, by considering several performance indices.
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