Suicide, the act or instance of voluntarily and intentionally taking one's own life, is a leading global cause of death. Complex suicide involves the use of more than one method and can be either ...planned or unplanned. Frequently seen methods include the ingestion of a toxic substance in combination with hanging, the use of firearms with hanging, drowning combined with injuries from knives, and jumping from heights. We present a case of complex suicide in which the victim used hanging and a self-inflicted incision wound on the wrist. This case highlights the significance of a detailed medicolegal death investigation, including interviews with relatives and a thorough forensic autopsy to ascertain the cause and manner of death.Suicide, the act or instance of voluntarily and intentionally taking one's own life, is a leading global cause of death. Complex suicide involves the use of more than one method and can be either planned or unplanned. Frequently seen methods include the ingestion of a toxic substance in combination with hanging, the use of firearms with hanging, drowning combined with injuries from knives, and jumping from heights. We present a case of complex suicide in which the victim used hanging and a self-inflicted incision wound on the wrist. This case highlights the significance of a detailed medicolegal death investigation, including interviews with relatives and a thorough forensic autopsy to ascertain the cause and manner of death.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (nHIE) is a major neonatal brain injury. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, mortality and sequelae remain severe. The lectin-like oxidized low-density ...lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of nHIE. In this study, morphologic change and microglial activation under the nHIE condition and LOX-1 treatment were investigated. The microglial activity and proliferation were assessed with a novel morphologic method, immunostaining, and quantitative PCR in the rat brains of both nHIE model and anti–LOX-1 treatment. Circumference ratio, the long diameter ratio, the cell area ratio, and the roundness of microglia were calculated. The correlation of the morphologic metrics and microglial activation in nHIE model and anti–LOX-1 treated brains was evaluated. LOX-1 was expressed in activated ameboid and round microglia in the nHIE model rat brain. In the evaluation of microglial activation, the novel morphologic metrics correlated with all scales of the nHIE-damaged and treated brains. While the circumference and long diameter ratios had a positive correlation, the cell area ratio and roundness had a negative correlation. Anti–LOX-1 treatment attenuated morphologic microglial activation and proliferation, and suppressed the subsequent production of inflammatory mediators by microglia. In human nHIE, round microglia and endothelial cells expressed LOX-1. The results indicate that LOX-1 regulates microglial activation in nHIE and anti–LOX-1 treatment attenuates brain injury by suppressing microglial activation.
Characterizing Viral Infection by Electron Microscopy Akilesh, Shreeram; Nicosia, Roberto F.; Alpers, Charles E. ...
The American journal of pathology,
February 2021, 2021-02-00, Volume:
191, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has infected millions of individuals in the United States and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Direct infection of extrapulmonary ...tissues has been postulated, and using sensitive techniques, viral RNA has been detected in multiple organs in the body, including the kidney. However, direct infection of tissues outside of the lung has been more challenging to demonstrate. This has been in part due to misinterpretation of electron microscopy studies. In this perspective, we will discuss what is known about coronavirus infection, some of the basic ultrastructural cell biology that has been confused for coronavirus infection of cells, and rigorous criteria that should be used when identifying pathogens by electron microscopy.
The purpose of the work is to determine the capabilities of the modern multifunctional device «Photobox 3138» with LED illuminators with a high color rendering index for photofixation, colorimetric, ...spectrozonal and multispectral analyzes of forensic objects. The competencies of the «Photobox 3138» device were experimentally revealed in terms of visualization and photofixation of both traces of biological origin (blood, sweat fat, saliva, etc.) and traces of traditional examinations, including shot products, oil products. The design of the device with a working field of 300×300 mm provides for the optimal arrangement of LED illuminators, including white light with a high color rendering index; spectrum-zonal illuminator with 4 types of LEDs with narrow non-intersecting spectral lines (458.1; 523.1; 594.1 and 630.6 nm) in the visible range of the spectrum; UV- (370 nm) and IR- (850 nm) illuminators. The fundamental possibility of using the resulting digital images of forensic objects for subsequent mathematical processing is experimentally shown. Images taken in different spectral ranges help to detect traces and damage. It was found that «Photobox 3138» allows you to solve a variety of diagnostic tasks related to the search, visualization, fixation and analysis of trace information.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma Navas, Maria-Cristina; Glaser, Shannon; Dhruv, Harshil ...
The American journal of pathology,
June 2019, 2019-06-00, Volume:
189, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem because it is a main cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This human oncogenic virus is also associated with the ...development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The association between HCV infection and CCA has been examined in a number of epidemiologic studies. However, in vivo and in vitro results demonstrating the oncogenic mechanisms of HCV in CCA development and progression are insufficient. Here, we review the epidemiologic association of HCV and CCA and recent publications of studies of HCV infection of cholangiocytes and CCA cell lines as well as studies of viral infection performed with liver samples obtained from patients. In addition, we also discuss the preliminary results of in vitro assays of HCV protein expression in CCA cell lines. Finally, we discuss the hypothetical role of HCV infection in CCA development by induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and up-regulation of hedgehog signaling, and consequently biliary tree inflammation and liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to demonstrate these hypotheses and therefore to elucidate the mechanisms of HCV as a risk factor for CCA.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the results of the forensic medical examinations on «medical cases» in terms of establishing cause-and-effect relationships. The main groups of problems of ...establishing cause-and-effect relationships are highlighted, namely: who should establish it; whether it is worth establishing the presence or absence of a direct connection or it is possible to judge about indirect and other causal relationships, whether it is possible to establish a direct causal relationship of inaction with the outcome. Possible ways of solving the indicated problems are shown.
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