Bench scale open pit slope failures are common occurrences in open pit mines and present a hazard to workers near freshly excavated faces. Objectively forecasting the zone of influence of bench scale ...failures is an important component of the mine’s risk management plan, as they occur more frequently than multi-bench scale landslides and can be more difficult to monitor. This paper presents a dataset of 167 bench scale open pit slope failures and tests runout and bench-width sizing methods to identify appropriate tools to estimate a stand-off distance from a fresh bench face. A length versus fall height and a Fahrböschung angle versus volume relationship calibrated to bench scale open pit slope failures provide reasonable runout estimates and are useful for decision-making when workers are near freshly excavated bench faces. Bench scale open pit failures appear to have a relatively constant fall height/horizontal runout distance (H/L) ratio up to 10 000 m
3
, after which H/L becomes inversely proportional to volume.
Le théâtre d’Argentomagus n’est certainement pas l’un des plus grands de Gaule romaine ni l’un des plus richement décorés. Mais il est, en France, le seul qui ait été fouillé de manière exhaustive, ...puis restauré, avant d’être aujourd’hui publié. Sa longue histoire, jalonnée de fréquentes transformations, depuis le modeste édifice aux gradins de bois du milieu du Ier siècle, jusqu’à sa reconstruction dans les années 180, puis sa mort sous les coups portés par les démolisseurs de la fin de l’Antiquité, en font l’un des meilleurs représentants des théâtres de type gallo-romain. Cet édifice offre un témoignage particulièrement suggestif sur l’inventivité des architectes, les efforts des notables pour romaniser leur cadre de vie et le goût des populations locales pour les jeux de la scène.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether the inequality and bi-polarization of income is reflected in the expenditure on food consumption. The inequality index is estimated by measuring the ...proportion of calculation, and the change of bi-polarization is estimated by the EGR method. Results show that the inequality and EGR index have increased significantly. Although the inequality index of expenditures on food consumption has increased for a little while in 1998, they have not showed considerable changes. And the EGR index has not showed a remarkable increasing tendency since the period of foreign exchange crisis. In the case of food, the Gini's coefficient has a tendency to decrease in common, and in particular, the food service industry has considerably decreased to 0.43 in 2006 from 0.78 in 1982. Generally, many food items show an extremity of bi-polarization since the period of foreign exchange crisis, but do not show significant differences.
In the case of the food service industry, it showed of improvement with reference to bi-polarization but deteriorated again in 2006. Therefore, after the foreign exchange crisis, due to deterioration of income distribution system, income inequality and bi-polarization index increased and then decreased after 2003 in Korea. However, the change of income distribution does not have considerable influence on the expenditure of food consumption that has a feature of necessities. KCI Citation Count: 3
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