In the theoretical investigation of Cs2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites, it was observed that Cs2TlBiI6 exhibits excellent thermodynamic phase stability, a direct bandgap of 1.83 eV (HSE06), a ...remarkably high light absorption coefficient of 105 cm−1, and an elevated spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency of 25.93%.
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•The first-principles methods are utilized to investigate the geometrical and electronic structures, photoelectric properties, and defect effects of Cs2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites.•The calculated results reveal that these compounds exhibit excellent structural stability, ideal direct bandgaps, and notable light absorption coefficients (105 cm−1).•Mechanical and thermal stability are evaluated based on structure factors, elastic constants, and regions of stable chemical potential.
Numerous endeavors are committed to investigating innovative perovskite materials characterized by superior thermal stability, aimed at their application in the next-generation of photovoltaic technologies. We employ density functional theory to compute the geometrical and electronic structures and to quantify the photoelectric properties of Cs2TlBiX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites. These compounds exhibit excellent structural stability, ideal direct bandgaps, and high light absorption coefficients (105 cm−1), rendering them well-suited for application as photovoltaic absorbers. We assess mechanical and thermal stability by evaluating structure factors, elastic constants, and regions of stable chemical potential. Additionally, we explore the impact of defects in Cs2TlBiI6 on its photovoltaic performance.
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•First experimental evidence of dermal bioavailability of toxic chemical additives from microplastics.•BDE 47, 99, 100, 153 and 183 crossed skin barrier to reach the ...bloodstream.•Dermal uptake of PBDEs not significantly influenced by polymer type.•A sweaty skin enhances dermal bioavailability of some PBDEs.•Exposure via skin contact with MPs containing PBDEs contributes to their body burdens.
To overcome ethical and technical challenges impeding the study of human dermal uptake of chemical additives present in microplastics (MPs), we employed 3D human skin equivalent (3D-HSE) models to provide first insights into the dermal bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) present in MPs; and evaluated different factors influencing human percutaneous absorption of PBDEs under real-life exposure scenario. PBDEs were bioavailable to varying degrees (up to 8 % of the exposure dose) and percutaneous permeation was evident, albeit at low levels (≤0.1 % of the exposure dose). While the polymer type influenced the release of PBDEs from the studied MPs to the skin, the polymer type was less important in driving the percutaneous absorption of PBDEs. The absorbed fraction of PBDEs was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88) with their water solubility, while the dermal permeation coefficient Papp of PBDEs showed strong association with their molecular weight and logKOW. More sweaty skin resulted in higher bioavailability of PBDEs from dermal contact with MPs than dry skin. Overall, percutaneous absorption of PBDEs upon skin contact with MPs was evident, highlighting, for the first time, the potential significance of the dermal pathway as an important route of human exposure to toxic additive chemicals in MPs.
Mantle lithologies in orogenic massifs and xenoliths commonly display strikingly different Hf- and Nd-isotope compositions compared to oceanic basalts. While the presence of pyroxenites has long been ...suggested in the source region of mantle-derived magmas, very few studies have reported their combined HfNd isotope compositions. We here report the first LuHf data along with ReOs data and S concentrations on the Cabo Ortegal Complex, where the pyroxenite-rich Herbeira massif has been interpreted as remnants of a delaminated arc root. The pyroxenites, chromitites and their host harzburgites show a wide range of whole-rock 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os (0.16–1.44), indicating that Re was strongly mobilized, partly during hydrous retrograde metamorphism but mostly during supergene alteration that preferentially affected low-Mg#, low Cu/S pyroxenites. Samples that escaped this disturbance yield an isochron age of 838 ± 42 Ma, interpreted as the formation of Cabo Ortegal pyroxenites. Corresponding values of initial 187Os/188Os (0.111–0.117) are relatively unradiogenic, suggesting limited contributions of slab-derived Os to primitive arc melts such as those parental to these pyroxenites. This interpretation is consistent with radiogenic Os in arc lavas being mostly related to crustal assimilation. Paleoproterozoic to Archean Os model ages confirm that Cabo Ortegal pyroxenites record incipient volcanic arc magmatism on the continental margin of the Western African Craton, as notably documented by zircon UPb ages of 2.1 and 2.7 Ga. LuHf data collected on clinopyroxene and amphibole separates and whole-rock samples are characterized by uncorrelated 176Lu/177Hf and 176Hf/177Hf (0.2822–0.2855), decoupled from Nd-isotope compositions. This decoupling is ascribed to diffusional disequilibrium during melt-peridotite interaction, in good agreement with the results of percolation-diffusion models simulating the interaction of an arc melt with an ancient melt-depleted residue. These models notably show that HfNd isotopic decoupling such as recorded by Cabo Ortegal pyroxenites and peridotites (ΔƐHf(i) up to +97) is enhanced during melt-peridotite interaction by slow diffusional re-equilibration and can be relatively insensitive to chromatographic fractionation. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis that arc-continent interaction may provide preferential conditions for such isotopic decoupling and propose that its ubiquitous recognition in peridotites reflects the recycling of sub-arc mantle domains derived from ancient, reworked SCLM.
•We report the first LuHf and ReOs isotope data on the Cabo Ortegal pyroxenites.•Diffusional disequilibrium decoupled HfNd isotopes during melt-rock interaction.•Re was mobilized during hydrous retrograde metamorphism and supergene alteration.•Unradiogenic Os suggests little slab-derived Os contributions to the mantle wedge.•Os model ages and percolation-diffusion models reveal the reworking of ancient SCLM.
The ultramafic mantle sections of the Yarlung-Zangbo ophiolites (YZO) along the suture of India and Asia in Tibet preserve the mantle history of the formerly intervening oceanic lithosphere. ...Fifty-two ophiolitic peridotites from three localities (Purang, Baigang and Zedang) reveal that these rocks comprise Mesozoic depleted mantle (peak mode 187Os/188Os = 0.126), mixed with more ancient mantle domains (187Os/188Os: 0.113–0.121, with model ages up to 2.2 Ga), probably through subduction or delamination of older lithosphere prior to its re-encapsulation into Mesozoic oceanic lithosphere. Whole-rock major and trace elements indicate that this composite mantle lithosphere experienced moderate to high degrees (∼10–30%) of partial melting in the Permian-Triassic, possibly due to the rifting of the back-arc basin in the northern margin of East Gondwana and the opening of Neo-Tethys. However, the generally flat primitive upper mantle-normalized highly siderophile element patterns do not match the depleted lithophile element characteristics. Sub-vertical (Pd/Ir)N-Al2O3 variations, coupled with the occurrence of variable amounts of interstitial base metal sulfides (BMS) and correlations with (Pd/Ir)N and Cu contents, indicate the addition of S-saturated (or BMS-rich) melts or fluids into this oceanic lithosphere. This may have occurred at ∼130–120 Ma during a new episode of Neo-Tethyan subduction, during which S-saturated forearc basaltic magmas were produced and subsequently overprinted the overlying peridotitic lithospheric mantle. The Tibetan YZO illustrate the complex life cycle of ophiolitic peridotites related to multi-stage regional tectonic events, and provide insights into understanding geodynamic mechanisms that have operated in the Earth’s upper mantle.
This study aims to improve the flexural strengths of Portland composite cement (PCC)-based mortar with the addition of turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation (TASE) graphene and turbulence-assisted ...shear exfoliation—high shear exfoliation (TASE-HSE) graphene. The mortars were prepared by mixing fine aggregate, cement, and water, and graphene with variations in composition (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% wt cement). The flexural strength was tested following ASTM C293/C293M, porosity was determined following ASTM C624, chemical composition was probed by Raman spectroscopy, and surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). Flexural strength showed that the optimal composition of graphene added was 10% wt cement. With the addition of graphene, reduced the degree of mortar porosity, when graphene TASE + HSE was added, which was about 7.3%, compared to the addition of TASE graphene, which was 6.1%. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that the addition of graphene increased the hydration process in such a way that there was a structure reduction of alite and belite. The surface morphology of the mortar with graphene additives was composed of a granular structure and was more porous than the morphological structure of PCC-based mortar without graphene.
•A new in vitro, multi-cellular, human skin equivalent burn model was developed.•The model displays re-growth after burn injury, but burned native explant does not.•Silver dressing delayed or reduced ...skin re-growth after burn injury.•Silver particles were detected in the dermis using histology and mass-spectrometry.
In this study, a deep burn wound model was established using a 3D human skin equivalent (HSE) model and this was compared to native skin. HSEs were constructed from dermis derived from abdominoplasty/breast surgery and this dermal template was seeded with primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The HSE model was structurally similar to native skin with a stratified and differentiated epidermis. A contact burn (60 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C) was applied with a modified soldering iron and wounds were observed at day 1 and 7 after burn. The HSEs demonstrated re-growth with keratinocyte proliferation and formation of a neo-epidermis after burn injury, whereas the ex vivo native skin did not. To assess the suitability of the 3D HSE model for penetration and toxicity studies, a nanocrystalline silver dressing was applied to the model for 7 days, with and without burn injury. The effect of silver on skin re-growth and its penetration and subcellular localization was assessed in HSEs histologically and with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). The silver treatment delayed or reduced skin re-growth, and silver particles were detected on the top of the epidermis, and within the papillary dermis. This novel in vitro 3D multicellular deep burn wound model is effective for studying the pathology and treatment of burn wound injury and is suitable for penetration and toxicity studies of wound healing treatments.
Single clock cycle access feature of content-addressable memory (CAM) suits well for high-speed parallel content search operation in data-intensive hardware search engines. The diverse applications ...span from accelerating databases and routing networks to processing images, implementing machine learning, processing biomedical data, and compressing data. Nevertheless, the CAM macro consumes significant energy due to the high switching of most match-lines (MLs), which comprise CAM words, during parallel access. Segmented ML schemes reduced power yet the cell and ML delay, and the extra sequential cycles affect search-speed. A novel selective-charging and adaptive-discharging (SCAD) scheme in the form of dynamic ML architecture is proposed to reduce CAM power consumption at no extra cycle cost. Additionally, a full-swing CAM cell forms the basis of storage and comparison-evaluation to lessen ML delay. Based on 45-nm technology under 1-V supply, the proposed 64 × 32-bit and 256 × 144-bit SCAD-CAM arrays dissipate only 0.45–0.46 fJ/bit/search energy and achieve high-speed. Compared to CAMs based on low-power ML schemes, viz., low-swing precharge, division and control, and master–slave, and the conventional CAM as baseline design, the SCAD-CAM reduces 13.49%–89.35% energy-delay. The average-power reduction of 1.8×–2.4× establishes the SCAD-CAM as a promising memory architecture for emerging search-intensive applications involving large-scale data workloads.
•A CAM cell with strong comparison & sufficient evaluate-voltage to increase search-speed.•Selective-charging and adaptive-discharging (SCAD) scheme to reduce power consumption.•Search operation using SCAD match-line costs no additional clock cycle.•CAM design with SCAD-ML and full-swing CAM cell proves energy efficiency and error reliability.•High-speed operation besides low-power suits SCAD-CAM well in hardware search engines.
•A proposed approach based on FMEA for HSE risk management.•Providing a new score to prioritizing HSE risks under uncertainty by using robust DEA.•Considering cost and duration of treatment as two ...effective indicators in new score.•Proposed approach validated using data from an active manufacturing company in automotive parts industry.
Nowadays, manufacturers realize that enhancing attention in health, safety and environment (HSE) management system leads to significant success in their activities. In order to accomplish HSE integrated management, the first step is identification and assessment of potential risks to control them, which may increase the protection level of employee and efficiency of work environment. Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) is one the most used methods in risk assessment. However, conventional FMEA disadvantages such as using risk priority number (RPN) to prioritize risks make this method inefficient in industries. The aim of this study is to present an integrated robust data envelopment analysis (RDEA)-FMEA approach to evaluate and prioritize HSE risks in various industries and to cover disadvantages of traditional scoring system of RPN in FMEA method. In fact, in the present study, prioritization of HSE risks are carried out by considering two extra parameters including cost and duration of treatment (as outputs) in addition to three parameters of severity, occurrence, and detection (as inputs). Additionally, uncertainty and undesirability of mentioned parameters are considered simultaneously. The proposed approach was implemented in a company active in manufacturing spare parts of automotive and then results were compared to conventional DEA model and RPN scores. The results indicate that, ranking risks according to this extension compared to traditional FMEA, leads to a more reliable and convincing prioritization.
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones of low molecular weight involved in an early association with misfolded proteins. In response to heat shock, B. emersonii induces the ...synthesis of a number of proteins. As sHsps are still poorly studied in B. emersonii and in fungi overall, the aim of this work was to carry out a in-depth characterization of sHsps during B. emersonni life cycle, as well as in response to thermal stress. We verified a strong induction of the hsp17 gene in cells exposed to heat shock both in germination and sporulation stages, and that Hsp17 protein levels show the same pattern of variation of its mRNA. Unlike hsp17 and hsp30, hsp16 gene is not significantly induced during heat shock, in germination or sporulation cells. However, at normal temperatures, the hsp16 gene presents high mRNA levels in sporulation cells, whereas the hsp30 gene presents high mRNA levels in germination cells. Interestingly, heat shock mRNA levels for hsp17 and hsp30 genes are 10 times higher in germination cells than in sporulation cells. Thus, our data show that the expression of these sHsp genes is quite distinct, both under normal temperature as during heat shock.
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