Research on episodic memory has established that spontaneous eye movements occur to spaces associated with retrieved information even if those spaces are blank at the time of retrieval. Although it ...has been claimed that such looks to "nothing" can function as facilitatory retrieval cues, there is currently no conclusive evidence for such an effect. In the present study, we addressed this fundamental issue using four direct eye manipulations in the retrieval phase of an episodic memory task: (a) free viewing on a blank screen, (b) maintaining central fixation, (c) looking inside a square congruent with the location of the to-be-recalled objects, and (d) looking inside a square incongruent with the location of the to-be-recalled objects. Our results provide novel evidence of an active and facilitatory role of gaze position during memory retrieval and demonstrate that memory for the spatial relationship between objects is more readily affected than memory for intrinsic object features.
This article examines whether mobile broadband can be viewed as an enabling technology for entrepreneurship in developing and developed countries. Evidence shows that mobile telephony is becoming ...more affordable worldwide. Contrary to fixed broadband, mobile broadband ensures better reach and lower costs and has become the most dynamic platform for bringing ICT benefits to entrepreneurship. A six period panel data analysis, 2007-2012, is estimated for 58 countries. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's Total Entrepreneurial Activity as the dependent variable, a positive influence of mobile broadband on the entrepreneurial activity is observed. Linking ICT and entrepreneurship is an area in need of more research.
Various principles of sustainable development are currently being integrated into national policies and programs. Such principles relate to a range of aspects of human activities requiring urgent ...attention, including heating, mobility, food security, and sustainable agriculture. One of the fields contributing to the transition towards a sustainable society is that of green information and communication technologies (ICT). Therefore, the implementation of educational programs in green ICT is important in ensuring further ICT development around sustainability concerns. This article describes the development of an international Master's degree program named “Pervasive computing and communications for sustainable development” (PERCCOM) by an international consortium, which aimed to combine advanced ICT with environmental, economic, and social awareness. The article presents background information regarding the role of the ICT sector in environmental challenges, and a review of the literature, in order to understand what is required of ICT and green ICT graduates. The curriculum of the PERCCOM program is then described and findings on program improvement are reported. The article is aimed at academic and research professionals in the fields of sustainable development and green technologies, with the goal of improving educational initiatives to address the societal demand for sustainable development. The findings reported here contribute toward the search for a solution for sustainability, especially regarding environmental issues, among educating professionals with high expertise in networking, computing, and programming, who are able to design, develop, deploy, and maintain both pervasive computing systems and communication architectures for sustainable development.
Denne artikkelen rapporterer fra et pågående designeksperiment der et konsept kalt «videolekser» ble introdusert for å få innsikt i lærerstudenters lese- og læringsprosess. Konseptet ble laget i ...samarbeid mellom underviserne på universitetet og en lærer i kombinasjonsstilling.Videoleksene innebar at studentene spilte inn korte filmer der de reflekterte over egen lesing før de møtte til undervisning. Prosjektet ble gjennomført i et masteremne (år 4 av 5) ved et norsk universitet. Studien følger til sammen 47 lærerstudenter som tok emnet i løpet av en to-årsperiode. Datamaterialet består av 118 refleksjonsvideoer. Materialet er kodet, og utvalgte utdrag fra filmene presenteres og analyseres med interaksjonsanalyse.I artikkelen synliggjøres videoleksene som en form for videobasert støtte til lærerstudentenes lese- og læreprosess, med mulighet for å komme i kontakt med studentenes ofte «tause» selvstendige lesing. Studien konkluderer med at bruken av video har potensial til å skape felles fokus, og under bestemte forutsetninger bidra til å skape partnerskap og relevans i lærerutdanningen.
Nøkkelord: partnerskap, kombinasjonsstillinger, IKT og læring, interaksjonsanalyse, videolekser
Video assignments as resources for reading and instruction in teacher education – A study on how collaboration and partnership can be developed around teacher students’ video-recorded reading reflections
AbstractThis study reports from an ongoing design experiment in which a concept called “video assignments” was introduced for accessing teacher students’ reading and learning process. The concept was designed in collaboration between lecturers at the university and a practicing teacher in a combined position.The video assignments entailed that students recorded short video clips in which they reflected on their reading prior to meeting in class. The project was conducted at a master’s level course (year 4 of 5) at a Norwegian university. There were 47 students who participated in the course over a two-year period, and the data material consists of 118 video reflections. The material was coded, and selected extracts from the videos are presented and analyzed by means of interaction analysis.In the article, the video assignments are displayed as a form of video-based support to the students’ studying and learning process, with opportunity for accessing the students’ often “silent” individual reading process. This study concludes that the use of video has potential for creating a common focal point, and under certain prerequisites contributing to creating partnership and relevance in teacher education.
Keywords: partnerships, combined positions, ICT and learning, interaction analysis, video assignments
Crowd employment platforms enable firms to source labour and expertise by leveraging Internet technology. Rather than offshoring jobs to low‐cost geographies, functions once performed by internal ...employees can be outsourced to an undefined pool of digital labour using a virtual network. This enables firms to shift costs and offload risk as they access a flexible, scalable workforce that sits outside the traditional boundaries of labour laws and regulations. The micro‐tasks of ‘clickwork’ are tedious, repetitive and poorly paid, with remuneration often well below minimum wage. This article will present an analysis of one of the most popular crowdsourcing sites—Mechanical Turk—to illuminate how Amazon's platform enables an array of companies to access digital labour at low cost and without any of the associated social protection or moral obligation.
•Privacy concerns are diverse and depend on the applications in question.•Privacy concerns are more common when payments are involved than for emailing or information searching.•Trust in other people ...has the strongest explanatory power for privacy concerns.
Questions regarding personal privacy are becoming increasingly relevant, and the discussion continuously arises regarding what digital tracks we leave. Intrusive use and manipulation of personal information not only affect people’s behaviour, but also they could have important implications for political and civic society. Previous research has relied on convenience samples and has often focused on one or only a few areas of use. The presented study, based on a probability sample, gives an overall picture of how privacy concerns are perceived in different online contexts and how socio-demography, internet experience, trust, and political orientation contribute to the understanding of privacy concerns in different settings. The results clearly point to privacy concerns as being very diverse and dependent on the applications in question. All dimensions that are used to explain privacy concerns are partly supported in the study. But their explanatory powers differ and not all areas of concern are affected by the same explanatory factors. Trust in other people is the single most important factor explaining privacy concerns when using digital media and applications. The more people trust others, the less concern they have for misuse of personal information.
ABSTRACT We examine three supernova remnants in the SMC, IKT 5 (supernova remnant (SNR) 0047-73.5), IKT 25 (SNR 0104-72.3), and DEM S 128 (SNR 0103-72.4), which are designated as Type Ia in the ...literature due to their spectra and morphology. This is troublesome because of their asymmetry, a trait not usually associated with young Type Ia remnants. We present Chandra X-ray Observatory data on these three remnants and perform a maximum likelihood analysis on their spectra. We find that the X-ray emission is dominated by interactions with the interstellar medium. In spite of this, we find a significant Fe overabundance in all three remnants. Through examination of radio, optical, and infrared data, we conclude that these three remnants are likely not Type Ia SNRs. We detect potential point sources that may be members of the progenitor systems of both DEM S 128 and IKT 5, which could suggest these could be Fe-rich core-collapse remnants.
Three experiments were conducted to study on a more fine-grained level how processing a picture facilitates learning from text. In Experiment 1 (N = 85), results from a drawing task revealed that the ...global spatial structure of a pulley system picture was extracted even from its brief inspection (for 600 ms, 2 s). In Experiment 2 (N = 105), students who initially inspected the pulley system picture (for 600 ms, 2 s, or self-paced) had better comprehension of the system's functions and made more eye movements in line with the system's global spatial structure when listening to text than students who listened to text only. In Experiment 3 (N = 39), students who first saw the picture (for 2 s) processed written text of the pulley system's spatial structure more efficiently than students who read text only. Results suggest that global spatial information extracted from the picture was used as a mental scaffold to facilitate mental model construction.
•Briefly inspecting a picture allows extracting its global spatial structure (GSS).•The GSS acts as a mental scaffold during text comprehension.•The GSS facilitates text comprehension as reflected in shorter reading times.•Eye movements indicate that the GSS is reactivated during text processing.•Availability of the GSS prior to reading text supports mental model construction.
Drawing on the social information process perspective, we hypothesized that transformational leadership fosters psychological safety climate leading to enhanced individual-level creative process ...engagement. Furthermore, psychological safety climate was hypothesized to strengthen the relationship between creative process engagement and employee creativity. The hypothesized model was tested with data obtained from a sample of 358 employees and their supervisors from two organizations in the People's Republic of China. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis revealed that transformational leadership influenced creative process engagement via psychological safety climate. Furthermore, psychological safety climate moderated the creative process engagement-creativity relationship such that the relationship was stronger in groups with high rather than low psychological safety climate.
Research Summary
The market for acquiring technology companies is rife with information frictions. Although such frictions can stifle trading activity, they also provide room for strategic gain. We ...investigate this dual role of information frictions by exploiting an institutional reform that releases technological information to the public domain. Leveraging cross‐sectoral variation in the magnitude of disclosure, we find an increase in acquisition activity and in the technological distance between matched pairings. In line with predictions from strategic factor market theory, however, we also find a disproportionate decline in acquirer returns on average. Our findings suggest that information disclosed through the reform‐facilitated exchange in the takeover market yet had a leveling effect on the returns to acquirers.
Managerial Summary
Firms acquire technology‐oriented companies to complement internal R&D projects and accelerate the innovation process. But identifying promising targets is challenging, not least due to the lack of information about the value of acquired technologies. This study investigates an information shock and tests its effects on the market for acquiring technology‐intensive companies. We find that greater disclosure of technological information to the public domain intensifies trading activity and allows acquirers to better identify and assess targets outside their core technological domains. But it also reduces the returns to acquirers. In combination, our findings illuminate a dual role of information disclosure: placing more information into the public domain may facilitate trade in corporate takeover markets while simultaneously restricting acquirer opportunities for strategic gain.
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