High failure rates of information systems development (ISD) projects continue to trouble organizations and information systems practices. Such a state of affairs has been of great concern for the ...information systems discipline for decades, motivating information systems researchers to focus on and extensively study ISD project failure. However, the increasing complexity and uncertainty of ISD projects and contemporary system development processes are challenging ISD project failure scholarship. In this article, we ask the questions: What are the contributions and weaknesses of the extant ISD project failure/success literature? What are potential avenues to move the ISD literature forward? To answer these questions, first, we present a literature review that assesses research contributions within the major perspectives on ISD failure (i.e. rationalist, process and narrative). While the extant research within all perspectives make significant contributions to knowledge, we find that researchers remain preoccupied with ‘project failure’ as an end state of an ISD project. They pay little attention to problematic situations arising during ISD projects before they become failed projects. Based on the review and critique of the literature, we then argue that there is a significant benefit in extending research focus from ISD project failure to ‘ISD project distress’, which we define as a harmful project condition involving dynamic and fluid constellation of critical problems that are difficult to identify, understand and resolve. While ISD project distress is an increasingly perilous and consequential phenomenon, little is known about its nature and potential responses. Drawing from the sensemaking literature, we propose a multilevel theoretical framework for understanding the nature and sources of ISD project distress that provides a foundation for exploring early detection and timely response. We demonstrate the theoretical and practical relevance of the concept of ISD project distress and propose a corresponding research agenda.
Bacterial pathogens require the iron-containing cofactor heme to cause disease. Heme is essential to the function of hemoproteins, which are involved in energy generation by the electron transport ...chain, detoxification of host immune effectors, and other processes. During infection, bacterial pathogens must synthesize heme or acquire heme from the host; however, host heme is sequestered in high-affinity hemoproteins. Pathogens have evolved elaborate strategies to acquire heme from host sources, particularly hemoglobin, and both heme acquisition and synthesis are important for pathogenesis. Paradoxically, excess heme is toxic to bacteria and pathogens must rely on heme detoxification strategies. Heme is a key nutrient in the struggle for survival between host and pathogen, and its study has offered significant insight into the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis.
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•Bacterial pathogens rely on the cofactor heme.•Many bacterial pathogens synthesize heme de novo.•Heme acquisition systems provide host heme during infection.•Bacteria must deal with heme toxicity.•Heme synthesis and acquisition systems are critical to pathogenesis.
Few studies have performed comparative analysis of the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA‐identical sibling donors (ISD‐HSCT) in patients with or without anti‐HLA Abs. In ...this study we retrospectively collected data from a multicenter study to analyze the distribution and impact of the pre‐existing anti‐HLA Abs in ISD‐HSCT. Among 402 recipients, 111 were positive for anti‐HLA Abs. Gender, time from diagnosis to transplantation and distribution of primary disease might be risk factors for the occurrence of anti‐HLA Abs. We found that patients with anti‐HLA Abs had delayed neutrophil engraftment and were more vulnerable to experience Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. The presence of anti‐HLA Abs was proved to be an independent risk factor for neutrophil engraftment (HR 1.42 95% CI 1.13–1.80, p = 0.003) and CMV reactivation (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.19–3.46, p = 0.009). We found that anti‐HLA Abs have a negative impact on the prognosis in the early period after transplantation from sibling donors and anti‐HLA Abs was also an independent risk factor for the overall survival (OS) at 180 days (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.03–5.27, p = 0.042) among female recipients. In conclusion, anti‐HLA Abs have a negative impact on the prognosis early after ISD‐HSCT.
Blind people are often hampered in their mobility, while currently available assistive technology includes manual sticks and electronic mobility devices. Currently, the development of smart canes is ...still being carried out in many studies. Smart cane works by detecting the distance of the cane to obstacles in front of you. From detecting this distance, the response the user gets is generally in the form of vibrations and sounds from the buzzer. The sound provided by the buzzer cannot differentiate the distance between obstacles. Therefore, this study proposes the existence of additional sound playback responses to differentiate far, middle, and near obstacles. Apart from that, the design of the prototype refers to the shape of a flashlight. The smart cane is designed using an Arduini UNO microcontroller with a rechargeable battery power supply with three response components, namely two ISD 1820 modules connected to a speaker to detect long distances (201-300 cm) with a "Hati-hati" sound and medium distances (101-200 cm) with an "Awas" sound, as well as a buzzer and piezoelectric component in the form of a "beep" sound and vibration for close distances (1-100 cm) to obstacles. The result is that both the ultrasonic sensor and response components work according to design. Apart from that, the rechargeable battery supply feature and the implementation of the prototype design make it easier for users to store and use for daily activities.
Disulfide bond rearrangement is a common occurrence during protein analysis or treatment. A convenient and rapid method has been developed to investigate heat‐induced disulfide rearrangement of ...lactoglobulin using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐in‐source decay (MALDI‐ISD) technology. By analyzing heated lactoglobulin in reflectron and linear mode, we demonstrated that cysteines C66 and C160 exist as free residues other than linked ones in some protein isomers. This method provides a straightforward and expeditious way to assess the cysteine status and structural changes of proteins under heat stress.
•The power-driven-damper and inerter-spring-damper (PDD-ISD) combined design methodology for vehicle suspension is proposed.•The structure-based approach is used to design eight distinctive vehicle ...PDD-ISD suspension structures.•The vehicle PDD-ISD suspension outperforms traditional passive suspension, ISD suspension and PDD suspension under different road conditions.•The fractional-order derivative sliding mode controller (FD-SMC) is designed to accurately track the optimal PDD-ISD suspension.
In this paper, the performance of a novel power-driven-damper (PDD) and inerter-spring-damper (ISD) combined suspension system for a quarter-car model is investigated to address the vibration suppression problem at both low and high frequencies for vehicles. Using a structure-based approach, we propose and optimize eight different passive mechanical networks and compare the vibration suppression abilities of four candidates across a wide frequency spectrum. The impact of changes in the inertance and the deputy spring stiffness is also analyzed. To accurately track the vertical dynamics of the optimal PDD-ISD suspension and account for the limited control force, a fractional-order derivative sliding mode controller (FD-SMC) is designed. The performance of FD-SMC is compared against that of the traditional sliding mode controller (TSMC) under a compound road, and the results show that, FD-SMC exhibits a superior vibration suppression and control efficiency.
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•ISD combustion of hydrogen-enriched jet-fuel.•OH-CH2O-fuel-PLIF and NTLAF temperature imaging.•Effects of H2 enrichment on flame propagation stability.•H2 favors the suppression of local flame ...instability and temperature fluctuations.•H2 inhibits CO and CO2 emissions but promotes NOx emission.
Hydrogen (H2) and jet fuel co-firing is regarded as a promising transition strategy of decarbonization in aviation industry. Considering the simplicity and safety during highly hydrogen enrichment conditions, the inverse swirl diffusion (ISD) combustion holds research value. Given the current lack of understanding for the flame properties of H2-enriched pre-evaporative jet fuel ISD co-combustion, in this work, the simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of hydroxyl (OH), formaldehyde (CH2O), and fuel, as well as the non-linear excitation regime two-line atomic fluorescence (NTLAF) thermography imaging, are used to study the effects of hydrogen enrichment on ISD flame intricate structure and temperature field. The results show the positive effects of H2 enrichment. The ISD flames display a blue hue and the increase in doping hydrogen helps the flames stabilize under global-lean conditions with almost no CO emission and low CO2 emission at the chamber exit. And the H2 enrichment contributes to inhibiting the CH2O formation upstream, reducing the generation of isolated reaction islands and promoting the strength of the flame wings, favoring the suppression of flame instability. In contrast, when at low H2 enrichment rate, the shift of the heat release zone and high-temperature zone, and the enlargement of the cold zone, are found in flame upstream. The analysis of the probability distribution functions (PDF) of temperatures confirms the effective effects of hydrogen on inhibiting the local flame fluctuations. Although the increase in the overall temperature level due to the hydrogen addition would lead to a promotion in NOx generation, the discussion on the structural analysis and flame propagation stability of ISD flames demonstrates the significance of H2 enrichment for the achievement of leaner low-NOx combustion of ultra-H2-enriched jet fuel in the future.
Fouling in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is a crucial parameter for a long-term operation. This study investigated a standard configuration wherein energy recovery device (ERD) being placed in the ...front of the first stage, an inter-stage ERD (ISERD) configuration wherein the ERD booster being placed in-between the two stages, and ISERDISD configuration wherein internally-staged design (ISD) being optimized by ISERD. The fouled ISERD-based configurations have been proven to sustain optimum permeate recovery to 55%–60%, produce permeate TDS of 397 mg/L (ISERD), and lower 378 mg/L (ISERDISD), better compared to 40–45% and TDS of 436 mg/L (standard one). Thanks to an improved flux distribution, the foulant deposition was halved to 11.7 in ISERD from 20.4 g/m2 and reduced further to the level of 10.3 g/m2 in ISERDISD. The ISERD exhibited almost the same apparent SEC as that of standard one (3.34 vs 3.26 kWh/m3), while ISERDISD exhibited reduced level to 2.75 kWh/m3. The incorporation of the fouling into the unit water cost (UWC) showed ISERDISD being the least costly with $0.45/m3 compared to $0.47 and $0.59/m3 for the ISERD and standard configurations respectively. An ultra-high-pressure membrane, osmotic dilution, and antiscalants for the loaded second stage might be recommended for ISERDISD implementation.
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•Inter-stage ERD-Turbocharger coupled with internally-staged design (ISERISD) is investigated.•Performance of the double stage of SWRO is analyzed under the presence of ERD.•The effect of fouling on energy consumption and operating cost is simulated.•Fouling cost is incorporated in the unit water cost (UWC).•Strategies to implement the ISERDISD is also suggested.
Information systems development (ISD) is typically a knowledge-intensive activity demanding coordinated application of business and information technology (IT) professionals' expertise. However, ...knowledge sharing between these groups can be challenging, as their backgrounds and expertise domains differ. The problem is even more pronounced for ISD teams involving external IT consultants, where the gap between business and IT professionals is further widened by organizational boundaries. This study proposes that perceived social (goal, task, and reward) interdependencies can influence the extent of knowledge sharing between the subgroups of business professionals and external IT consultants during ISD. Results from a survey of consultant-and-client matched pairs in ongoing ISD project teams indicate that perceived goal, task, and reward interdependencies are significantly related to knowledge sharing, which is, in turn, related to ISD project phase performance. Knowledge sharing fully mediates the relationships between the interdependencies and ISD project phase performance. Perceived goal interdependence is also related to perceived task interdependence. These findings augment existing theoretical understanding of knowledge sharing in ISD. They also provide directions for the development of interventions for enhancing knowledge sharing and performance in ISD. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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