This handy visual aid guides clinicians in discussions with patients and parents about the importance of vaccines, the diseases they help prevent and the various vaccines recommended. The chart ...includes infographics and clinical images to help illustrate why vaccines remain important in preventing diseases. Vaccines covered include influenza, varicella (chickenpox), human papillomavirus, polio, meningitis, and much more. The chart also includes information for health care professionals about the origin and nature of the diseases and current recommendations for vaccine schedules. In addition, it provides steps to take when a child or community is exposed to a potential infection, including prophylaxis and reporting to local health departments.
To measure sleep duration in 7-year-old children; identify the determinants of sleep duration; and assess the association between short sleep duration and obesity, cognitive functioning, and ...behaviour.
Longitudinal study with disproportionate sampling of the participants.
Community.
591 seven-year-old children, of whom 519 had complete sleep data.
Not applicable.
Sleep duration was assessed by actigraphy. Other measurements included height, weight, BMI, percentage body fat as assessed by bioimpedance assay, intelligence (WISC-III) and behaviour (Strengths & Difficulties questionnaire, parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales).
Mean time in bed according to parental report was 10.9 hours (SD 0.8). Mean sleep duration by actigraphy was 10.1 (SD 0.8) hours. In multivariable analysis, sleep duration was longer on weekdays vs. weekend nights (31.5 min, P = 0.002), in winter (40.5 min), autumn (31.1 min), and spring (14.8 min) compared with summer (P <0.0001), and in those with younger siblings (11.7 min, P = 0.03). Sleep duration was shorter when bedtime was after 21:00 (-41.1 min, P <0.0001). In multivariable analysis, sleep duration <9 hours was associated with being overweight/ obese (BMI: OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.40, 7.87) with an increase of 3.34% body fat (P = 0.03), and this was not explained by physical activity or television watching. Short sleep duration was also associated with higher emotional lability scores (Conners Rating Scale Parent Form; P = 0.03). IQ (WISC-III) and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder scores (both parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales) did not differ with sleep duration.
Sleep duration in 7-year-old children varies considerably among individuals. The duration is affected by weekday, season, and having younger siblings. Importantly, short sleep duration was shown to be an independent risk factor for obesity/overweight.
Fully updated, the third edition of this quick reference delivers targeted guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of orthopaedic problems and sports injuries. Its concise, bulleted ...format allows readers to quickly locate the exact information they need at the point of care. In addition, it covers musculoskeletal examination and evaluation; casting and splinting; imaging techniques, and rehabilitation strategies. The book features many full color illustrations, clinical photographs and radiographic images to demonstrate physical examination techniques and pathologic physical findings, as well as tables and figures to aid in diagnosis. TOPICS INCLUDECommon sports injuriesFracturesTraumaLimb disordersSpine disordersHip and pelvis disordersInfectionsTumorsSkeletal dysplasias
Completely revised and updated, the new sixth edition of this award-winning quick reference guide provides essential information about the prevention and management of infectious diseases in early ...childhood education settings, such as child care centers and schools.
Completely updated and revised, the third edition provides primary care physicians with practice-tested, condition-specific treatment recommendations for various childhood mental disorders. Obtain ...clear guidance on dosing, monitoring, and potential adverse reactions of psychotropic medications for treatment of common psychiatric disorders and mental health or behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
It is accepted that newborns lose weight in the first few days of life. Baby-Friendly practices that support breastfeeding may affect newborn weight loss. The objective of this study were: 1) To ...determine whether Baby-Friendly practices are associated with term newborn weight loss day 0-2 in three feeding categories (exclusively breastfed, mixed formula fed and breastfed, and formula fed). 2) To determine whether Baby-Friendly practices increase exclusive breast feeding rates in different ethnic populations.
This was a retrospective case-control study. Term newborn birth weight, neonatal weights days 0-2, feeding type, type of birth, and demographic information were collected for 1,000 births for the year before Baby-Friendly designation (2010) and 1,000 in 2013 (after designation). Ultimately 683 in the first group and 518 in the second met the inclusion criteria.
Mean weight loss decreased day 0-2 for infants in all feeding types after the initiation of Baby-Friendly practices. There was a statistically significant effect of Baby-Friendly designation on weight loss for day 0-2 in exclusively breastfed infants (p < 0.01) after controlling for birth weight. Exclusive breast feeding increased in all ethnic groups after Baby-Friendly practices were put in place.
There was a decrease in mean weight loss day 0-2 regardless of feeding type after Baby-Friendly designation. Exclusive breast feeding increased in the presence of Baby-Friendly practices.
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