In the context of sustainable development, countries around the world shed more light on green innovation in their environmental policies, and the digital economy may take a vital part in improving ...green innovation. Predicted on the panel data of 278 cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this research administrates the principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the advancement level of the urban digital economy and employs the number of urban green patent applications to represent green innovation level. Through the benchmark regression model, the mediating effect model, the spatial Durbin model, the dynamic threshold panel model, and the gradual difference‐in‐difference model, this paper explores the direct effect, indirect effect, spatial effect, nonlinear relationship, and policy effect of that digital economy has on green innovation. The development of the digital economy can improve green innovation levels in indirect ways, such as by boosting the degree of economic openness, optimizing the industrial structure, and expanding the market potential, and as economic openness, industrial structure, and market potential advance, the promotion intensity of digital economy on green innovation is becoming lower and lower. The development of green innovation has an obvious spatial spillover effect. Still, the enhancement of green innovation in more developed regions may inhibit green innovation in less developed regions due to talent flow and industrial transfer. Finally, the gradual difference‐in‐difference model founded on the ‘Broadband China’ pilot policy supplementarily verifies that digital economy enhancement can substantially advance urban green innovation.
Shift work is characterized by employees working outside the standard hours of 7:00 am to 6:00 pm. Because shift work includes night work, the normal sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm) is disrupted, ...with potential consequences for shift workers' physical and mental health.
To assess the pooled effects of shift work on mental health and to evaluate whether these differ in men and women.
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed or government reports published up to August 2018
To be included, studies had to be longitudinal or case-control studies of shift work exposure associated with adverse mental health outcomes. For subanalyses, we grouped these outcomes as anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or general poor mental health symptoms.
We followed the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Group guidelines. We extracted adjusted risk estimates for each study to calculate pooled effect sizes (ESs) using random effect models and metaregression analysis to explore sources of heterogeneity.
We included 7 longitudinal studies, with 28 431 unique participants. Shift work was associated with increased overall risk of adverse mental health outcomes combined (ES = 1.28; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.02, 1.62;
= 70.6%) and specifically for depressive symptoms (ES = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.74;
= 31.5%). Gender differences explained more than 90% of heterogeneity, with female shift workers more likely to experience depressive symptoms than female non-shift workers (odds ratio = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.39, 2.14).
To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the pooled effects of shift work on the risk of poor mental health, including subanalyses by type of poor mental health and gender. Shift workers, particularly women, are at increased risk for poor mental health, particularly depressive symptoms.
Depression accounts for 4.3% of the global burden of disease and incidence, with mental disorders worldwide predicted to cost US $16.3 million by 2030. With 1 in 5 people in the United States and Europe doing shift work, and the increased risk of poor mental health among shift workers, shift work industries are a priority context for reducing this burden. Workplace health promotion programs and policies are needed to minimize shift workers' risk of poor mental health.
•The R&D technical efficiency and business transformation efficiency of China's hi-tech industry have an obvious spatial spillover effect.•The SAR Tobit econometric model is utilized to investigate ...the main effect, masking effect and moderating effect of preferential tax policy on the two-phase innovation efficiency of China's hi-tech industries.•Economic policy uncertainty negatively regulates the relationship between preferential tax policies and R&D technical efficiency.•R&D personnel flow plays a masking effect between preferential tax policy and the two-phase innovation efficiency of China's hi-tech industries.•Regional heterogeneity is apparent in regional regression.
As an emerging economy, the two-phase innovation inefficiency of China's hi-tech industry caused by a preferential tax policy should be addressed. Using the SAR Tobit econometric model and the panel data from China's 30 regional hi-tech industries covering 2004–2016, this paper investigates the main effect, masking effect and moderating effect of preferential tax policy on the two-phase innovation efficiency of China's hi-tech industries. We find that the R&D technical efficiency and business transformation efficiency of China's hi-tech industries have remarkably spatial autocorrelation and spatial spillover effects. The preferential tax policy has an obvious crowding-in effect on R&D technical efficiency and an obvious crowding-out effect on business transformation efficiency. Economic policy uncertainty negatively regulates the relationship between preferential tax policies and R&D technical efficiency. Regional heterogeneity is apparent in regional regression. Preferential tax policy can facilitate the R&D technical efficiency in coastal areas and in inland areas, while only preferential tax policy positively contributes to business transformation efficiency in coastal areas. In the R&D technology stage, the negative indirect effect of R&D personnel flow weakens the positive direct effect of the preferential tax policy, which is manifested as an obvious masking effect; in the business transformation stage, the positive indirect effect of R&D personnel flow weakens the negative direct effect of the preferential tax policy, which is manifested as an obvious masking effect. The research results provide a reference for the scientific formulation of national tax preferential policies, the design of innovative talent flow policies and the promotion strategies of innovation efficiency of hi-tech industries.
The green credit policy is one of the key components of environmental policy. It has become an important issue to study how to implement the green credit policy and to evaluate its effect. From the ...perspective of environmental regulation, this paper attempts to construct a comprehensive score of commercial banks' competence by factor analysis, and constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on “Green Credit Guidelines” published in 2012 and uses Differences-in-Differences (DID) to test the impact of green credit implementation on commercial banks' core competence. The results show that green credit has a significant effect on the overall bank competence. Among them, the promotion effect of urban and rural commercial banks is higher than the industry average, and the promotion effect has weakened in the years after the policy was announced. Furthermore, from the dual perspectives of credit risk and reputation risk, the Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference (DDD) is used to test the impact mechanism of green credit on the core competence of banks. The results show that, compared with banks with lower credit risk and reputation risk, banks with higher credit risk and reputation risk experience greater enhancement in core competence by green credit.
•Green credit has a positive impact on the core competence of commercial banks.•Green credit has enhanced the core competitiveness of urban and rural commercial banks more obviously.•Commercial banks can cope with the green credit shock through risk control.•Green credit has enhanced the core competitiveness of commercial banks with higher risks.
•Analyzing the spatial-temporal disparities and saving potential of industrial land use efficiency in the research region.•A catch-up effect and technological progress can be observed in industrial ...land use efficiency.•The relationship between per capita GDP and industrial land use efficiency follows an “N” shape.•Enhancing industrialization and land investment policies is thus conducive to increasing industrial land use efficiency.
Based on the sequential generalized directional distance function (SGDDF) and Metafrontier non-radial Malmquist index (MNMI), the dynamic changes, saving potential, efficiency decompositions, and influencing factors of industrial land use efficiency are analyzed. This paper is a case study on the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River focusing on the years between 2003 and 2012. The results show that (1) potential for significant improvement in industrial land use efficiency exists, and the saving potential of industrial land shows a rising trend. With the least saving potential, the Poyang Lake city group enjoys the highest efficiency. With the greatest saving potential, the efficiency in Wuhan city group is the lowest. (2) A positive catch-up effect and technological progress can be observed in industrial land use efficiency in the examined region, but the lack of technology innovators inhibits the promotion of industrial land use technology. (3) The analysis of the influencing factors shows that the relationship between per capita GDP and industrial land use efficiency follows an “N” shape. With the further economic development, industrial land use efficiency will decline slightly. Enhancing industrialization and land investment policies is thus conducive to increasing industrial land use efficiency, while industrial labor surplus and the governance of “Land Finance” have the opposite effect. Specific countermeasures to promote industrial land use efficiency are as follows: optimize industrial structure and improve labor skills; expand local industrial economy size properly to absorb surplus labor; perfect the land circulation system, and give full play to the resource allocation function of the land market; promote cross-regional flow of production factors; and strengthen regional cooperation among cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Since reform and opening up, energy policy has been effectively used by the Chinese government for managing its energy market. In order to reveal how China manages its energy market, this study ...collected more than two thousand policy documents promulgated by Chinese government in the past 40 years, i.e., 1978–2018, through data mining. The evolution and structure of China's energy policy intensity, policy tools, and policy targets in the past 40 years were analyzed. The results show that: (1) from 1978 to 2018, China's policy-making departments are gradually strengthening their management of the nation's energy market and the coordination between them has been significantly enhanced. As an effective measure for managing energy market, laws did not get enough attentions it deserves from policy-making departments; (2) it seems that China likes to influence the operation of its energy market by implementing indirect guidance policies, which did not directly affect industrial supply and demand. With the continuous promotion of supply-side structural reform, policies focusing on supply guarantee are growing; (3) the target of China's energy policies used to be the promotion of the industrialization of its energy industry. Nowadays, more attentions are paid to promote high-quality growth by encouraging research and development.
•More than two thousand policy documents were analyzed through data mining.•The evolution of policy intensity, policy tools, and policy targets were analyzed.•Since 1978, China gradually strengthens the management of its energy market.•China likes to manage its energy market by implementing indirect guidance policies.•China begins to promote high-quality growth of energy sector by encouraging R&D.
The phenomenal success of the East Asian Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs) of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore is now well-known and documented. Their success has been discussed to such ...an extent that it has become entrenched as part of the folklore of development economics. The Newly Industrializing Economies of East Asia takes a fresh look at the relevant literature and sifts the rhetoric from the reality. In the course of surveying the vast range of writing two competing paradigms become clear: the neo-classical approach which interprets the East Asian economic miracle as the predictable outcome of `good' policies; and the statist perspective which draws attention to the central role of the government in guiding East Asian economic development. Throughout the book the authors mix country-specific experiences with broader trends.
•The factors influencing the government’s chocie on leasing different land uses in Shanghai of China are investigated.•10 variables for land leasing in Shanghai are presented, and a multinomial logit ...model is proposed.•Based on the district-level data from 2003 to 2014, the regression results are obtained from the multinomial logit model.•The results show that some factors have significant effects on the government’s choice on leasing different land uses.•The policy implications for land leasing in Shanghai are proposed.
In this paper, the factors influencing the choice of the government on leasing different types of land uses in Shanghai of China are investigated. Based on the literatures and the interview with the officials of the Departments of Planning and Land Authority in Shanghai, some variables of the mathematical model for land leasing in Shanghai are presented. Then a multinomial logit model is proposed to estimate the probability and analyze the factors influencing the government on choosing different types of land uses. Based on the district-level data from 2003 to 2014, the regression results are obtained from the multinomial logit model. The results show that the area of land, the distance between the land and the city center, the distance between the land and the district center, real estate price, gross domestic product (GDP), paid-in foreign investment, tenure of party secretary of the district, promotion of district mayor to party secretary of the district, and industrial park have significant effects on the choice of the government on leasing land to different types of land uses in Shanghai. And the policy implications for land leasing in Shanghai are proposed.
This paper explores the justifications and impression management strategies that industrial companies use to rationalize their impacts on climate change. These strategies influence the perceptions of ...stakeholders through the use of techniques of neutralization intended to legitimize the impacts of corporate operations in the area of climate change. Based on a qualitative and inductive approach, 10 case studies were conducted of large Canadian industrial emitters. Interviews were conducted with managers and environmental specialists (n = 32). Public documentation was also collected when available. This study identifies six main neutralization techniques that industrial emitters use to rationalize their impacts: self-proclaimed excellence, promotion of a systemic view, denial and minimization, denouncing unfair treatment and deceptive appearances, economic and technological blackmail, and blaming others. The paper develops a better understanding of corporate arguments and strategies aimed at influencing the perceptions of stakeholders, including policymakers. The study also contributes to the literature on impression management by shedding light on new strategies and techniques of neutralization used by managers to shape the perceptions of stakeholders on socially sensitive issues.
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