As an extension of probability theory, evidence theory is able to better handle unknown and imprecise information. Owing to its advantages, evidence theory has more flexibility and effectiveness for ...modeling and processing uncertain information. Uncertainty measure plays an essential role both in evidence theory and probability theory. In probability theory, Shannon entropy provides a novel perspective for measuring uncertainty. Various entropies exist for measuring the uncertainty of basic probability assignment (BPA) in evidence theory. However, from the standpoint of the requirements of uncertainty measurement and physics, these entropies are controversial. Therefore, the process for measuring BPA uncertainty currently remains an open issue in the literature. Firstly, this paper reviews the measures of uncertainty in evidence theory followed by an analysis of some related controversies. Secondly, we discuss the development of Deng entropy as an effective way to measure uncertainty, including introducing its definition, analyzing its properties, and comparing it to other measures. We also examine the concept of maximum Deng entropy, the pseudo-Pascal triangle of maximum Deng entropy, generalized belief entropy, and measures of divergence. In addition, we conduct an analysis of the application of Deng entropy and further examine the challenges for future studies on uncertainty measurement in evidence theory. Finally, a conclusion is provided to summarize this study.
The Digital Platform: A Research Agenda de Reuver, Mark; Sørensen, Carsten; Basole, Rahul C.
Journal of information technology,
06/2018, Volume:
33, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
As digital platforms are transforming almost every industry today, they are slowly finding their way into the mainstream information systems (ISs) literature. Digital platforms are a challenging ...research object because of their distributed nature and intertwinement with institutions, markets and technologies. New research challenges arise as a result of the exponentially growing scale of platform innovation, the increasing complexity of platform architectures and the spread of digital platforms to many different industries. This paper develops a research agenda for digital platforms research in IS. We recommend researchers seek to (1) advance conceptual clarity by providing clear definitions that specify the unit of analysis, degree of digitality and the sociotechnical nature of digital platforms; (2) define the proper scoping of digital platform concepts by studying platforms on different architectural levels and in different industry settings; and (3) advance methodological rigour by employing embedded case studies, longitudinal studies, design research, data-driven modelling and visualisation techniques. Considering current developments in the business domain, we suggest six questions for further research: (1) Are platforms here to stay? (2) How should platforms be designed? (3) How do digital platforms transform industries? (4) How can data-driven approaches inform digital platforms research? (5) How should researchers develop theory for digital platforms? and (6) How do digital platforms affect everyday life?
Perceptual quality assessment plays a vital role in the visual communication systems owing to the existence of quality degradations introduced in various stages of visual signal acquisition, ...compression, transmission and display. Quality assessment for visual signals can be performed subjectively and objectively, and objective quality assessment is usually preferred owing to its high efficiency and easy deployment. A large number of subjective and objective visual quality assessment studies have been conducted during recent years. In this survey, we give an up-to-date and comprehensive review of these studies. Specifically, the frequently used subjective image quality assessment databases are first reviewed, as they serve as the validation set for the objective measures. Second, the objective image quality assessment measures are classified and reviewed according to the applications and the methodologies utilized in the quality measures. Third, the performances of the state-of-the-art quality measures for visual signals are compared with an introduction of the evaluation protocols. This survey provides a general overview of classical algorithms and recent progresses in the field of perceptual image quality assessment.
The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized, such as mass connectivity, ...ultra-reliability, and guaranteed low latency. However, 5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond, and sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligence level and security, etc. To meet these requirements, 6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies, i.e., air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture, such as waveform design, multiple access, channel coding schemes, multi-antenna technologies, network slicing, cell-free architecture, and cloud/fog/edge computing. Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts. First, to satisfy the requirement of global coverage, 6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks, which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks, thus achieving a space-air-ground-sea integrated communication network. Second, all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density, including the sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and optical frequency bands. Third, facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks, diverse communication scenarios, large numbers of antennas, wide bandwidths, and new service requirements, 6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies. Fourth, network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks. This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects. Clearly, 6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears.
This paper presents an adaptive control method for a class of uncertain strict-feedback switched nonlinear systems. First, we consider the constraint characteristics in the switched nonlinear systems ...to ensure that all states in switched systems do not violate the constraint ranges. Second, we design the controller based on the backstepping technique, while integral Barrier Lyapunov functions (iBLFs) are adopted to solve the full state constraint problems in each step in order to realize the direct constraints on state variables. Furthermore, we introduce the Lyapunov stability theory to demonstrate that the adaptive controller achieves the desired control goals. Finally, we perform a numerical simulation, which further verifies the significance and feasibility of the presented control scheme.
PDF
