The policies and standards of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation contribute significantly to the identification, excavation, documentation, study, protection, management, and ...publication of archaeological sites, structures, and material. Following a description of these policies, examples of projects in four regions of the world illustrate how they have been applied, together with national laws and regulations, benefiting archaeology and the archaeological record at local, national, and international levels, while involving affected communities and educating the public at large. The commitment of international financial institutions creates opportunities that archaeologists have yet to fully realize.
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD MNE Guidelines) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards ...on Environmental and Social Sustainability (IFC Performance Standards) are widely viewed as key international standards to which extractive companies operating internationally should comply. Indeed, these standards, together with the United Nations (UN) Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), are promoted by Canada in its November 2014 enhanced corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy for extractive sector companies operating abroad. The strategy states that the Canadian government expects companies operating outside of Canada to "respect human rights and all applicable laws, and to meet or exceed widely-recognized international standards for responsible business conduct". Yet the OECD and the IFC take distinct approaches to the embedding of indigenous rights and environmental rights, two categories of human rights commonly affected by extractive company operations. For example, the OECD MNE Guidelines address human rights and environment in different guidelines, and there are no specific guidelines concerning the rights of indigenous peoples. The IFC Performance Standards, on the other hand, refers to human rights only briefly in the first performance standard as part of its social risk assessment, but provides more detailed standards on various environmental and social matters including biodiversity conservation, pollution prevention and indigenous peoples' rights. However, in early 2016, the OECD released a Due Diligence Guidance for Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement in the Extractives Sector (OECD Stakeholder Engagement Guidance) designed to provide practical guidance in line with the OECD MNE Guidelines. This paper will examine the commonalities and differences between the IFC and OECD approaches to the integration of business responsibilities for human rights with a focus on procedural environmental rights and the right of indigenous peoples to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). The paper will also briefly assess the potential effectiveness of these instruments in light of associated compliance mechanisms.
The World Bank Group A to Z provides concise and essential information about the mission, policies, procedures, products, and services of the new World Bank Group. This second edition is a follow-up ...to the first volume released for the 2014 Annual Meetings. The World Bank Group A to Z series builds on previous editions of A Guide to the World Bank to include features not found in its predecessors including: a graphical introduction to the World Bank Group, highlighting the Bank Group’s goals, financials, regions, and results; examples and photos of Bank Group projects and programs; and tools to guide you to the information you are looking for (even if you don’t know exactly what that is). It also reflects the wide-ranging reforms that have taken place within the World Bank Group in recent years, including the launch of the new World Bank Group Strategy; new approaches to development; the establishment of new Global Practice Groups and Cross Cutting Solutions Areas; and the goal of becoming a “Solutions Bank,” one that will marshal the vast reserves of evidence and experiential knowledge across the five World Bank Group agencies and apply them to local problems.With more than 280 entries arranged in encyclopedic A-to-Z format, readers can easily find up-to-date information about the five agencies of the World Bank Group and the wide range of areas in which they work: from agriculture, education, energy, health, social protection and labor to gender, jobs, conflict, private sector development, trade, water and climate change. The World Bank Group’s work in all of these areas now focuses on two new twin goals: eliminating extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity of the poorest 40 percent in every developing country.
As Chairman of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group from 1991–2001 and Anglo American plc from 2002–2009, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart is as qualified as anyone on the planet to discuss the realities, dilemmas and ...lessons to be learnt from the last 20 years of corporate engagement with sustainability, ethics and responsibility. In this unique book – part memoir, part confessional, part manifesto for leadership – we hear a unique voice from the front line of corporate responsibility. Moody-Stuart retraces the steps of a remarkable journey from being a postgraduate geologist to being at the helm of two of the largest corporations in the world.We hear of dealings with dictators and prime ministers, colleagues and NGOs, rivals and friends. We travel from Syria to Nigeria; Iraq to Downing Street; and from the machinations of the United Nations to those inside the boardroom of Shell. We see Shell’s annus horribilis in 1995 unfold through the eyes of an insider, and how Brent Spar and the execution of Ken Saro-Wiwa sent shockwaves through the company, resulting in a complete reappraisal of its mission and principles. We hear about the oil and mining sectors and their complicated development role in areas of conflict and corruption; the way that markets have failed us on climate change and corruption; and how governments need to step up to the global challenges we face. We hear how Deepwater Horizon could have been avoided; what Shell were asked to do by Tony Blair during the UK fuel blockades of 2000 and why they declined; why China is too important to ignore; and why the Global Compact is too important to fail. We hear lessons from a life spent living in 10 different countries and we come to realize that, for corporations, trying to do the right thing can sometimes be almost impossible. We also come to know a deeply ethical and thoughtful leader who has always tried to do exactly that.
AcknowledgementsForewordSir Robert Wilson KCMG, former Executive Chairman of Rio Tinto plc; former Chairman of BG Group plcForewordMark Malloch Brown, former UN Deputy Secretary-GeneralPrefaceIntroduction1. Differing development outcomes and their causes2. Coalitions, governments and doing the right thing3. The United Nations Global Compact4. Some alternatives in countries with military rule or human rights abuses: Sanctions or withdrawal5. Dining with the devil: Engaging with those guilty of human rights abuses6. Markets are essential, but they cannot do everything7. Oil, gas and climate change8. Corruption: The biggest market failure of all9. Enterprise solutions to poverty and development10. Lessons from China on poverty eradication11. 1995: Shell’s annus horribilis and its consequences12. Embedding values and principles13. Changes in structure and governance: Do they matter?14. Differences in remuneration and wealth in companies and societies15. The business of not-for-profit enterprisesAfterwordIndex
Makes for intriguing reading … mostly because its author has been instrumental in framing how corporate responsibility is understood … "One of the biggest risks faced by companies is that everyone starts thinking the same," Moody-Stuart concludes. His book marks a valiant attempt to avoid that trap. The conclusions won't re-write the rules of corporate capitalism – nor will they remove the risk of more anni horribiles in the future. But, if the book persuades his fellow corporate insiders to look outside their shells, then it should edge forward the debate. - Oliver Balch, Guardian Sustainable Business || It is hard to imagine a better guide… by raising the issues, and with a perspective based on experience, Moody-Stuart’s book provides an invaluable source of wisdom on how to grapple with them. - Financial Times - Ed Crooks || Makes for intriguing reading … mostly because its author has been instrumental in framing how corporate responsibility is understood … - Oliver Balch, Guardian Sustainable Business || ... the most meaningful and revealing insights on sustainability ever written by a corporate executive. - Crosslands Bulletin
The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) regional securities market saw increasing activity in the last decade, but still fell short of supplying sufficient long-term financing for ...growth-enhancing public and private investment projects. In addition to providing an institutional background, this paper studies recent developments and the determinants of interest rates on the market-using yield curve and principal component analyses. It also identifies challenges and prospective reforms that could help the region reap the full benefits of a more dynamic securities market and assesses the potential systemic risk the market may pose for the region's banking system.
Corporate hospitals are becoming a significant presence within the ‘health care’ industry in India. There is strong advocacy and promotion by the industry, and the government, of the idea that health ...care infrastructure should not just be viewed as a social good but also as a viable economic venture with productivity. Yet, the discourse on privatisation, on the public–private divide in health systems does not pay attention to the spread of corporate sector activities and corporate financing in health care; to the increasing commercialisation of health services. This brief note highlights some recent trends and features of the hospitals sector of the ‘health care industry’ in India. There is a need to document and analyse the practices and behaviour of the hospital industry, and examine the impact of these changes for the public health systems, for policy and planning in public health, from a critical public health perspective.
It is well documented that international organizations diffuse norms, but how and why do they do so? I compare how the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation attempt to spread ...sustainable development norms through their compliance, mainstreaming, and diffusion efforts. I propose that international organizations spread norms in different ways as a result of their roles within their respective social environments. The International Finance Corporation champions sustainable development by spreading core practices throughout the project finance industry, while the Bank attempts to do so through core and noncore activities. The different approaches raise questions about the capacity of each organization to champion environmental norms: the Bank's multiple activities mixes its environmental message as opposed to the International Finance Corporation's single (recently lessened) environmental voice.
The Strange Geographies of 'Emerging Markets' Sidaway, James Derrick; Pryke, Michael
Transactions - Institute of British Geographers (1965),
01/2000, Volume:
25, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
There are hundreds of books and thousands of articles that make reference to 'emerging markets'. In the UK alone, there are dozens of specialist investment brokers (unit trusts, investment funds and ...the like) specializing in 'emerging markets', each with associated expertise and literature. Noting that the rise of references to 'emerging markets' in investment and associated texts is symptomatic of a transforming (post-Cold War) geopolitics, this paper contextualizes the origins and traces the dissemination of the concept. We therefore make some preliminary observations on the emergence of 'emerging markets', specifying the material backdrops of increased private capital flows, including equity investments in(to) 'peripheral' countries hitherto more usually designated as 'Second' or 'Third' World. We then reflect on the 'strange' geographies of 'emerging markets'. Examining the combination of interests and agents involved in the construction of 'emerging markets', we argue that their 'strangeness', novelty or unfamiliarity belies deeper continuities with colonial geographical imaginations.
his report is a timely response to the need to estimate and report on the extent to which development partners in Africa are living up to their obligations in relation to youth employment on the ...continent. It analyses current responses to youth employment challenges across Africa by the members of the Employment and Labour Sub-Cluster of the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa.
