Un pays divisé Brie, Evelyne; Mathieu, Félix
09/2021
eBook
Le Canada est un pays divisé… mais à quel point? Et surtout, comment expliquer et interpréter ce phénomène ? À l’aide de données de sondage originales issues de l’enquête La Confédération de demain ...2.0 / The Confederation of Tomorrow 2.0, ce livre brosse un portrait contemporain des tensions à l’œuvre au sein de la fédération canadienne. Nous avons sondé les Canadiens pour mieux saisir le rapport qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs pôles identitaires ainsi qu'avec le fédéralisme et le régionalisme. Divisé, le Canada l’est en effet d’abord sur le plan des équations identitaires que ses citoyens mettent de l’avant pour s’autoreprésenter. Ce livre fait ressortir l’influence de certains nœuds dans cette toile identitaire sur les préférences institutionnelles à l’échelle provinciale et régionale. De même, il analyse la manière dont les diverses catégories de population au pays se représentent les avantages et les inconvénients du système fédéral, ainsi que les rapports qu’elles entretiennent avec certaines politiques publiques clés pour leur province ou leur région, comme le programme de la péréquation, la protection de l’environnement, le processus de réconciliation, etc. Un pays divisé : identité, fédéralisme et régionalisme au Canada est destiné autant aux chercheurs qu’aux étudiants, aux citoyens qu’aux fonctionnaires et décideurs politiques. Il précise les tenants et aboutissants des divers événements historiques et sociopolitiques qui ponctuent le narratif de son argumentaire, tout en suivant un protocole rigoureux et détaillé dans l’analyse scientifique des données recueillies.
Wright argues convincingly that professionalization inadvertently led to a popular inverse: the amateur historian, whose work is often more widely received and appreciated by the general public.
Child Health and Young Adult Outcomes Currie, Janet; Stabile, Mark; Manivong, Phongsack ...
The Journal of human resources,
2010, Volume:
45, Issue:
3
Journal Article
•We model world fossil fuel production by country including unconventional sources.•Four countries, China, USA, Canada and Australia modelled by state/province level.•Three ultimately recouverable ...resources applied, that range from 48.4 to 121.5 ZJ.•Scenarios suggest coal production peaks before 2025 due to China.•Results suggest lack of fossil fuels to deliver high IPCC scenarios: A1Fl, RCP8.5.
Detailed projections of world fossil fuel production including unconventional sources were created by country and fuel type to estimate possible future fossil fuel production. Four critical countries (China, USA, Canada and Australia) were examined in detail with projections made on the state/province level. Ultimately Recoverable Resources (URR) for fossil fuels were estimated for three scenarios: Low=48.4 ZJ, Best Guess (BG)=75.7 ZJ, High=121.5 ZJ. The scenarios were developed using Geologic Resources Supply-Demand Model (GeRS-DeMo). The Low and Best Guess (BG) scenarios suggest that world fossil fuel production may peak before 2025 and decline rapidly thereafter. The High scenario indicates that fossil fuels may have a strong growth till 2025 followed by a plateau lasting approximately 50years before declining. All three scenarios suggest that world coal production may peak before 2025 due to peaking Chinese production and that only natural gas could have strong growth in the future. In addition, by converting the fossil fuel projections to greenhouse gas emissions, the projections were compared to IPCC scenarios which indicated that based on current estimates of URR there are insufficient fossil fuels to deliver the higher emission IPCC scenarios A1Fl and RCP8.5.
This review gives a worldwide overview on Power-to-Gas projects producing hydrogen or renewable substitute natural gas focusing projects in central Europe. It deepens and completes the content of ...previous reviews by including hitherto unreviewed projects and by combining project names with details such as plant location. It is based on data from 153 completed, recent and planned projects since 1988 which were evaluated with regards to plant allocation, installed power development, plant size, shares and amounts of hydrogen or substitute natural gas producing examinations and product utilization phases. Cost development for electrolysis and carbon dioxide methanation was analyzed and a projection until 2030 is given with an outlook to 2050.
The results show substantial cost reductions for electrolysis as well as for methanation during the recent years and a further price decline to less than 500 euro per kilowatt electric power input for both technologies until 2050 is estimated if cost projection follows the current trend. Most of the projects examined are located in Germany, Denmark, the United States of America and Canada. Following an exponential global trend to increase installed power, today's Power-to-Gas applications are operated at about 39 megawatt. Hydrogen and substitute natural gas were investigated on equal terms concerning the number of projects.
Display omitted
•Electrolysis and methanation costs are estimated to fall by up to 75% under 500 €/kWel until 2050.•Most projects are located in Germany, Denmark, the United States and Canada.•95 Power-to-Gas projects with a combined load of 38.6 MWel are active in early 2019.•Exponential global increase in installed PtG-capacity is expected between 1993 and 2050.•The years 2012–2015 mark a breakthrough in average plant size and installed capacity.
Artificial impervious areas are predominant indicators of human settlements. Timely, accurate, and frequent information on artificial impervious areas is critical to understanding the process of ...urbanization and land use/cover change, as well as of their impacts on the environment and biodiversity. Despite their importance, there still lack annual maps of high-resolution Global Artificial Impervious Areas (GAIA) with longer than 30-year records, due to the high demand of high performance computation and the lack of effective mapping algorithms. In this paper, we mapped annual GAIA from 1985 to 2018 using the full archive of 30-m resolution Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine platform. With ancillary datasets, including the nighttime light data and the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar data, we improved the performance of our previously developed algorithm in arid areas. We evaluated the GAIA data for 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, and the mean overall accuracy is higher than 90%. A cross-product comparison indicates the GAIA data are the only dataset spanning over 30 years. The temporal trend in GAIA agrees well with other datasets at the local, regional, and global scales. Our results indicate that the GAIA reached 797,076 km2 in 2018, which is 1.5 times more than that in 1990. China and the United States (US) rank among the top two in artificial impervious area, accounting for approximately 50% of the world's total in 2018. The artificial impervious area of China surpassed that of the US in 2015. By 2018, the remaining eight among the top ten countries are India, Russia, Brazil, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, and Canada. The GAIA dataset can be freely downloaded from http://data.ess.tsinghua.edu.cn.
•We improved the performance of “Exclusion/Inclusion” approach in arid regions.•We mapped global artificial impervious areas (GAIA) with Google Earth Engine.•The mean overall accuracy over multiple years is higher than 90%.•GAIA reached 797,076 km2 by 2018, more than 2.5 times that of 1990.•The top five countries are China, US, India, Russia, and Brazil.
Superconducting technology applications in electric machines have long been pursued due to their significant advantages of higher efficiency and power density over conventional technology. However, ...in spite of many successful technology demonstrations, commercial adoption has been slow, presumably because the threshold for value versus cost and technology risk has not yet been crossed. One likely path for disruptive superconducting technology in commercial products could be in applications where its advantages become key enablers for systems which are not practical with conventional technology. To help systems engineers assess the viability of such future solutions, we present a technology roadmap for superconducting machines. The timeline considered was ten years to attain a Technology Readiness Level of 6+, with systems demonstrated in a relevant environment. Future projections, by definition, are based on the judgment of specialists, and can be subjective. Attempts have been made to obtain input from a broad set of organizations for an inclusive opinion. This document was generated through a series of teleconferences and in-person meetings, including meetings at the 2015 IEEE PES General meeting in Denver, CO, the 2015 ECCE in Montreal, Canada, and a final workshop in April 2016 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign that brought together a broad group of technical experts spanning the industry, government and academia.
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