This book examines international aid in North Korea, in particular the ongoing policy of withholding aid, through the lens of the impact on the general population to present an argument for ...sustainable development.
Focusing on the human rights of North Koreans and presenting a case for the use of aid as a provision for social change, it explores an alternative narrative to the existing long-drawn-out rhetoric of ‘denuclearisation-first’. The book’s scope includes evaluations of the causes of international sanctions and their impact, the Kim regime’s mitigation of sanctions through marketisation and a digital economy as well as barriers to aid monitoring and the reason for the absence of any mass anti-regime movement. It also posits that North Korea is a fragile state but cloaked by the image of a strong regime.
The book succinctly demonstrates that the key to unlocking the potential of North Korea’s ‘cloaked society’ does not lie in sanctions, but is to be found in engagement with development aid. As such it will appeal to students of Korean Studies, Development Studies, Asian Politics and International Relations.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
This paper aims to demonstrate the close connection between society and politeness styles by analyzing Korean language textbooks for foreign learners published by Seoul National University Language ...Education Institute from 2000 to 2019. Changes in these textbooks indicate a dynamic interplay between society and language. The study reveals notable shifts in politeness styles, particularly the near-complete replacement of the formal hasipsioche with the polite informal style haeyoche. This paper seeks to connect the observed changes in textbooks and shifts in Korean culture and society. The paper offers a brief introduction to Korean history, society, and culture, highlighting their relevance to the Korean language in general and specifically to Korean in a second language education.
균학자 김삼순 연구활동의 과학사적 접근 선유정; You-jeong Sun; 김근배 ...
Hangug gynnhaghoi ji,
06/2022, Volume:
50, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Sam Soon KIM was a female scientist who pioneered mycology in South Korea. She not only created the Korean Society of Mycology and the Korean Journal of Mycology but also achieved extraordinary ...results in the studies of mycology. After returning from Kyushu University in Japan in 1966, she turned her attention to the applied research of microorganisms. Kim pursued an earnest exploration of the practical values of bacteria in addition to those of fungi and mushrooms. Then, with the founding of the Korean Society of Mycology in 1972, she emerged as the central figure in the rare academia of mycology. Particularly, mushroom research, which had been stagnant, became revitalized by the joining of researchers from the Rural Development Administration. Taking this as momentum, Kim moved beyond applied research, such as mushroom cultivation, and led the mushroom name unification plan from 1978. She also studied mushroom classification and eventually launched publishing an illustrated book of mushrooms. These fruits of her long-term research trajectory led her to be known as a mushroom expert.
Background To date, there has been no practical guidelines for the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in brain tumor patients in Korea. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), a ...multidisciplinary academic society, had begun preparing guidelines for AED usage in brain tumors since 2019.
Methods The Working Group was composed of 27 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of the keywords.
Results The core contents are as follows. Prophylactic AED administration is not recommended in newly diagnosed brain tumor patients without previous seizure history. When AEDs are administered during peri/postoperative period, it may be tapered off according to the following recommendations. In seizure-naive patients with no postoperative seizure, it is recommended to stop or reduce AED 1 week after surgery. In seizure-naive patients with one early postoperative seizure (<1 week after surgery), it is advisable to maintain AED for at least 3 months before tapering. In seizure-naive patients with ≥2 postoperative seizures or in patients with preoperative seizure history, it is recommended to maintain AEDs for more than 1 year. The possibility of drug interactions should be considered when selecting AEDs in brain tumor patients. Driving can be allowed in brain tumor patients when proven to be seizure-free for more than 1 year.
Conclusion The KSNO suggests prescribing AEDs in patients with brain tumor based on the current guideline. This guideline will contribute to spreading evidence-based prescription of AEDs in brain tumor patients in Korea.
Background There has been no practical guidelines for the management of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Korea for many years. Thus, the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO), ...a multidisciplinary academic society, started to prepare guidelines for CNS tumors from February 2018.
Methods The Working Group was composed of 35 multidisciplinary medical experts in Korea. References were identified through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL using specific and sensitive keywords as well as combinations of keywords.
Results First, the maximal safe resection if feasible is recommended. After the diagnosis of a glioblastoma with neurosurgical intervention, patients aged ≤70 years with good performance should be treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy (Stupp’s protocol) or standard brain radiotherapy alone. However, those with poor performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy (preferred)±concurrent or adjuvant temozolomide, temozolomide alone (Level III), or supportive treatment. Alternatively, patients aged >70 years with good performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy+concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide or Stupp’s protocol or hypofractionated brain radiotherapy alone, while those with poor performance should be treated by hypofractionated brain radiotherapy alone or temozolomide chemotherapy if the patient has methylated MGMT gene promoter (Level III), or supportive treatment.
Conclusion The KSNO’s guideline recommends that glioblastomas should be treated by maximal safe resection, if feasible, followed by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy according to the individual comprehensive condition of the patient.
Many different risk stratification systems have been formulated for thyroid nodules, differing in their fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indication, suggesting a lack of consensus around the ...world.
This prospective study was conducted to find the best guideline for risk stratification, for a better malignancy yield, and with reduced rates of negative FNACs among three Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) guidelines.
A total of 625 thyroid nodules with conclusive FNAC or histopathological diagnosis were included in the study. Various sonographic parameters were recorded. They were classified into categories as per the three guidelines and compared with FNAC diagnosis. The guidelines were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity were compared by McNemar's test.
American College of Radiology (ACR) TIRADS had the highest diagnostic accuracy (56.8%), specificity (50.75%), positive predictive value (23.92%), lowest rates of negative FNACs (76.08%), and high negative predictive value (97.84 %). Korean (K) TIRADS had the maximum sensitivity (97.75%), highest negative predictive value (98.44%), and gross malignancy yield. European TIRADS was between the two other guidelines in most parameters with specificity like K TIRADS.
All the three guidelines are very good screening tools, with comparable high sensitivity. ACR TIRADS is better in terms of specificity and reduced rates of negative FNACs. Including the presence of a suspicious cervical lymph node as a criterion and more frequent follow-up might further improve the diagnostic performance of the guideline.
The incremental sheet metal forming (ISF) process has the flexibility to manufacture components without a specific die-set. In detail, a small incremental deformation by the forming tool movement is ...accumulated to form a target geometry. However, the formed part's geometrical accuracy is often observed to be lower due to no external die support. This research work is aimed to replace the commonly used dies with a nickel-metal foam that acts as flexible die support in the ISF process for improving the geometrical accuracy. The pure nickel metal foam was employed with various densities such as 20, 50, and 80 pores per inch (PPI) to identify the proper flexible support configuration. The current research work is summarized in three fields: (i) at first, the indentation tests were conducted to investigate the material deformation characteristics of the nickel-metal foam. The numerical results revealed that the high-density nickel-metal foam showed good geometric accuracy compared to other configurations. (ii) according to the indentation results, the ISF experiments were carried out with a nickel-metal foam, and the shape error was estimated for the formed parts. The findings showed that the shape accuracy was improved with the use of flexible die support compared to the conventional ISF process, and (iii) to save material costs, the nickel-metal foam was reused for manufacturing new parts and confirmed the reusability. Thus, the results show that employing proper density compressed nickel-metal foam influences geometric accuracy positively and can be devised for manufacturing complex geometries in the ISF process.
Background The Guideline Working Group of the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey for diverse queries faced in the treatment of brain tumors. As part ...II of the survey, the aim of this study is to evaluate the national patterns of clinical practice for patients with diffuse midline glioma and meningioma.
Methods A web-based survey was sent to all members of the KSNO by email. The survey included 4 questions of diffuse midline glioma and 6 questions of meningioma (including 2 case scenarios). All questions were developed by consensus of the Guideline Working Group.
Results In the survey about diffuse midline glioma, 76% respondents performed histologic confirmation to identify H3K27M mutation on immunohistochemical staining or sequencing methods. For treatment of diffuse midline glioma, respondents preferred concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) and adjuvant TMZ (63.8%) than radiotherapy alone (34.0%). In the survey about meningioma, respondents prefer wait-and-see policy for the asymptomatic small meningioma without peritumoral edema. However, a greater number of respondents had chosen surgical resection as the first choice for all large size meningiomas without exception, and small size meningiomas with either peritumoral edema or eloquent location. There was no single opinion with major consensus on long-term follow-up plans for asymptomatic meningioma with observation policy. As many as 68.1% of respondents answered that they would not add any adjuvant therapies for World Health Organization grade II meningiomas if the tumor was totally resected including dura.
Conclusion The survey demonstrates the prevailing clinical practice patterns for patients with diffuse midline glioma and meningioma among members of the KSNO. This information provides a point of reference for establishing a practical guideline in the management of diffuse midline glioma and meningioma.
Background The Guideline Working Group of the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) conducted the nationwide questionnaire survey for diverse queries facing to treat patients with brain tumor. As ...part III of the survey, the aim of this study is to evaluate the national patterns of clinical practice for patients with brain metastasis and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
Methods A web-based survey was sent to all members of the KSNO by email. The survey included 7 questions of brain metastasis and 5 questions of PCNSL, focused on the management strategies in specific situations. All questions were developed by consensus of the Guideline Working Group.
Results In the survey about brain metastasis, respondents preferred surgical resection with adjuvant treatment for patients with a surgically accessible single brain metastatic lesion less than 3 cm in size without extracranial systemic lesions. However, most respondents considered radiosurgery for surgically inaccessible lesions. As the preferred treatment of multiple brain metastases according to the number of brain lesions, respondents tended to choose radiotherapy with increasing number of lesions. Radiosurgery was mostly chosen for the brain metastases of less than or equal to 4. In the survey about PCNSL, a half of respondents choose high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy as the first-line induction therapy for PCNSL. The consolidation and salvage therapy showed a little variation among respondents. For PCNSL patients with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, intrathecal chemotherapy was most preferred.
Conclusion The survey demonstrates the prevailing clinical practice patterns for patients with brain metastasis and PCNSL among members of the KSNO. This information provides a point of reference for establishing a practical guideline in the management of brain metastasis and PCNSL.
Background The Guideline Working Group of the Korean Society for Neuro-Oncology (KSNO) conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey for diverse queries faced in the treatment of brain tumors. As part ...I of the survey, the aim of this study is to evaluate national patterns of clinical practice about antiepileptic drug (AED) and steroid usage for management of brain tumors.
Methods A web-based survey was sent to all members of the KSNO by email. The survey included 9 questions of AED usage and 5 questions of steroid usage for brain tumor patients. All questions were developed by consensus of the Guideline Working Group.
Results The overall response rate was 12.8% (54/423). Regarding AED usage, the majority of respondents (95.2%) routinely prescribed prophylactic AEDs for patients with seizure at the peri/postoperative period. However, as many as 72.8% of respondents prescribed AED routinely for seizure-naive patients, and others prescribed AED as the case may be. The duration of AED prophylaxis showed wide variance according to the epilepsy status and the location of tumor. Levetiracetam (82.9%) was the most preferred AED for epilepsy prophylaxis. Regarding steroid usage, 90.5% of respondents use steroids in perioperative period, including 34.2% of them as a routine manner. Presence of peritumoral edema (90.9%) was considered as the most important factor determining steroid usage followed by degree of clinical symptoms (60.6%). More than half of respondents (51.2%) replied to discontinue the steroids within a week after surgery if there are no specific medical conditions, while 7.3% preferred slow tapering up to a month after surgery.
Conclusion The survey demonstrated the prevailing practice patterns on AED and steroid usage in neuro-oncologic field among members of the KSNO. This information provides a point of reference for establishing a practical guideline in the management of brain tumor patients.
