There are currently between twenty and thirty civil wars worldwide, while at a global level the Cold War has been succeeded by a "war on drugs" and a "war on terror" that continues to rage a decade ...after 9/11. Why is this, when we know how destructive war is in both human and economic terms? Why do the efforts of aid organizations and international diplomats founder so often?
In this important book David Keen investigates why conflicts are so prevalent and so intractable, even when one side has much greater military resources. Could it be that endemic disorder and a "state of emergency" are more useful than bringing conflict to a close? Keen asks who benefits from wars--whether economically, politically, or psychologically-and argues that in order to bring them successfully to an end we need to understand the complex vested interests on all sides.
Much of the talk centered on the concept of cyber conflict and the changing dynamic of future conflict is founded on the study of spectacular flights of imagination of what could be. This book enters ...into the debate to push discussion of the issue toward realistic evaluation of the tactic in modern international interactions. This book’s investigation exhaustively examines information on all cyber incidents and disputes in the last decade in order to delineate the patterns of cyber conflict as reflected by evidence. The goal of this book is to develop a theory of cyber conflict, analyze the empirical patterns of cyber conflict between antagonists, investigate the impact of cyber conflict on foreign policy interactions, delve deeper with a close examination of some recent and popular cyber incidents, and finally, develop a set of policy recommendations that deal with the emerging threat. The book argues that restraint is the norm in cyberspace and suggests that there is evidence this norm can influence how the tactic is used in the future.
Cyber Warfare Springer, Paul J
2020, 2020-07-31, 2020-07-08
eBook
Providing an invaluable introductory resource for students studying cyber warfare, this book highlights the evolution of cyber conflict in modern times through dozens of key primary source documents ...related to its development and implementation.This meticulously curated primary source collection is designed to offer a broad examination of key documents related to cyber warfare, covering the subject from multiple perspectives. The earliest documents date from the late 20th century, when the concept and possibility of cyber attacks became a reality, while the most recent documents are from 2019. Each document is accompanied by an introduction and analysis written by an expert in the field that provides the necessary context for readers to learn about the complexities of cyber warfare.The title's nearly 100 documents are drawn primarily but not exclusively from government sources and allow readers to understand how policy, strategy, doctrine, and tactics of cyber warfare are created and devised, particularly in the United States. Although the U.S. is the global leader in cyber capabilities and is largely driving the determination of norms within the cyber domain, the title additionally contains a small number of international documents. This invaluable work will serve as an excellent starting point for anyone seeking to understand the nature and character of international cyber warfare.Covers in detail one of the defining forms of conflict of the 21st century-cyber warfare will significantly impact virtually every American citizen over the next two decadesProvides more than 90 primary source documents and matching analysis, allowing readers to investigate the underpinnings of cyber warfareEnables readers to see the development of different concepts of cyber warfare through its chronological organizationReflects the deep knowledge of an editor who is a noted expert in cyber warfare and has taught for the United States Air Force for more than a decade
This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace. Over the past three decades, cyberspace developed into a crucial frontier and issue ...of international conflict. However, scholarly work on the relationship between AI and conflict in cyberspace has been produced along somewhat rigid disciplinary boundaries and an even more rigid sociotechnical divide – wherein technical and social scholarship are seldomly brought into a conversation. This is the first volume to address these themes through a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary approach. With the intent of exploring the question ‘what is at stake with the use of automation in international conflict in cyberspace through AI?’, the chapters in the volume focus on three broad themes, namely: (1) technical and operational, (2) strategic and geopolitical and (3) normative and legal. These also constitute the three parts in which the chapters of this volume are organised, although these thematic sections should not be considered as an analytical or a disciplinary demarcation. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber-conflict, AI, security studies and International Relations. The Open Access version of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Cities at War Kaldor, Mary; Sassen, Saskia
03/2020
eBook
Warfare in the twenty-first century goes well beyond conventional armies and nation-states. In a world of diffuse conflicts taking place across sprawling cities, war has become fragmented and uneven ...to match its settings. Yet the analysis of failed states, civil war, and state building rarely considers the city, rather than the country, as the terrain of battle. In Cities at War, Mary Kaldor and Saskia Sassen assemble an international team of scholars to examine cities as sites of contemporary warfare and insecurity. Reflecting Kaldor's expertise on security cultures and Sassen's perspective on cities and their geographies, they develop new insight into how cities and their residents encounter instability and conflict, as well as the ways in which urban forms provide possibilities for countering violence. Through a series of case studies of cities including Baghdad, Bogotá, Ciudad Juarez, Kabul, and Karachi, the book reveals the unequal distribution of insecurity as well as how urban capabilities might offer resistance and hope. Through analyses of how contemporary forms of identity, inequality, and segregation interact with the built environment,Cities at War explains why and how political violence has become increasingly urbanized. It also points toward the capacity of the city to shape a different kind of urban subjectivity that can serve as a foundation for a more peaceful and equitable future.
John Spencer was a new second lieutenant in 2003 when he parachuted
into Iraq leading a platoon of infantry soldiers into battle.
During that combat tour he learned how important unit cohesion was
to ...surviving a war, both physically and mentally. He observed that
this cohesion developed as the soldiers experienced the horrors of
combat as a group, spending their downtime together and processing
their shared experiences. When Spencer returned to Iraq five years
later to take command of a troubled company, he found that his
lessons on how to build unit cohesion were no longer as applicable.
Rather than bonding and processing trauma as a group, soldiers now
spent their downtime separately, on computers communicating with
family back home. Spencer came to see the internet as a threat to
unit cohesion, but when he returned home and his wife was deployed,
the internet connected him and his children to his wife on a daily
basis. In Connected Soldiers Spencer delivers lessons
learned about effective methods for building teams in a way that
overcomes the distractions of home and the outside world, without
reducing the benefits gained from connections to family.
