The purpose of this book is to identify changes in industrial relations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with particular emphasis on the area of representative employee participation. ...The structure of the work was subordinated to the implementation of the above objective. Chapter 1 discusses the most important stages of the process of creating a European dimension of industrial relations and presents the main models of industrial relations existing in Europe. An analysis of selected components of labor relations in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) before and several years after accession to the EU was also carried out. Chapter 2 is devoted to the two main forms of representative employee participation in the CEE countries. The first part of this chapter presents the difficult process of "formation" of works councils in Central and Eastern Europe and the principles of operation of these institutions of employee participation. The next part of the chapter, based on the results of research conducted as part of the NCN project, presents the main sources of weakness of works councils in Polish enterprises. The last part of this chapter focuses on discussing employee representation in corporate governance bodies, both at the national and European level. Chapter 3 of the book analyzes the impact of the following three phenomena on industrial relations: globalization, the 2008 economic crisis and the coronavirus pandemic.
As a set of globally accepted financial reporting rules, IFRSs are primarily intended for economically developed countries with adequate legislation, developed capital markets and quality financial ...reporting practices. Developing countries are motivated to use IFRS to improve the quality and reliability of the financial reporting procedures in order to attract foreign investments, enable unhindered international financial flows and stimulate economic growth. The key problem in this regard is the inconsistency of their local economic, legal and social infrastructure with the requirements of the successful implementation of IFRS, which requires numerous preparations and adjustments. The purpose of this paper is to consider the possibilities and preconditions for the application of IFRS in Sudan, as a country with an underdeveloped economy, inadequate legislation, weak accounting profession and numerous cultural specificities. The key question that arose during the survey of academics' perceptions on this topic was not whether Sudan should apply IFRS, but whether it is currently possible to apply IFRS in this country at all, given the numerous difficulties preventing that. Therefore, this process should be approached very carefully, with the necessary thorough preparation of the local economic and legal environment and with constant analysis of the costs and benefits of such an endeavor. The potential benefits of applying IFRS in Sudan are undeniable, but it is important that they outweigh the required high initial investment and possible negative effects from possible inadequate implementation.
The paper augments the standard business cycle model with cash and credit goods following Lucas and Stokey (1983, 1987), together with a modified cash-in-advance (CIA) considerations. In particular, ...the cash-in-advance constraint was extended to include private investment and government purchases. This specification was then calibrated to Bulgaria during the 1999-2020 period. The presence of cash and credit goods give a role to money in accentuating economic fluctuations. In particular, the two types of goods and the modified CIA constraint produce a more sophisticated propagation mechanism, with novel trade-offs faced by households. The model generates too volatile consumption, and countercyclical investment, which are at serious odds with the data. Overall, the model with cash and credit goods, and physical capital accumulation, did not provide a good framework to study business cycle fluctuations in Bulgaria.
This article presents the results of a survey of innovative activities of enterprises in the Czech Republic and a comparison of differences between regions. The goal is to analyse the approach of ...companies, examine how they evaluate their innovation activities and the implementation of R&D, and find out if there are inter-regional differences in the innovation activities of companies in chosen categories. The data were collected via a questionnaire survey of companies across regions in coordination with the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic. The research revealed that more enterprises were in a dependent position, providing partial functions within the concern, or as suppliers in their respective production chains. At the same time, companies are actively preparing for the constantly changing production and economic environment and some also have ambitions to become pioneers of innovative change. Even at regional level, some differences were found, given the different stage of development and competitiveness of the regions. Through the priorities of regional innovation strategies, public support should prepare suitable conditions for the development of new industrial and tertiary sectors in the region.
The article addresses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 on the development of labour costs, net earnings and consumption costs in the „new“ EU market economies (Bulgaria, the Czech ...Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia. Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia). Expansive fiscal and monetary policies allowed the EU to stabilise its economic potential as performance declined in the first year of the pandemic. Employment in the dependent and self-employed sectors declined only to a minimum extent. The author states that the traditional Czech policy of cheap labour and restrictive economic policies in the last financial crisis and the manoeuvring of the exchange rate led to a process of stagnation. The Czech economy finally witnessed recovery and a subsequent boom in 2014, one year later than neighbouring countries. Due to the rigidity of the economy, Czech labour prices did not begin to grow until 2016. The lagging behind in earnings compared to those of other EU emerging markets led to a relative loss in the earnings of Czech employees. The onset of the coronavirus pandemic only served to exacerbate this long-term trend.
For all the economies in the global world the question of trade is becoming more important by the day. But the possibility to export on the global market meets many impediments in the form of ...non-tariff barriers, rather than tariff these days. CEFTA 2006 regional trade integration is not an exception with more than 100 NTBs introduced during its existence. Our research found that Serbia and Albania are CEFTA 2006 signatories with the most NTBs introduced in the observed period. CEFTA has a very efficient institutional mechanism, Subcommittee on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs), for the removal of NTBs between signatories. We have researched three case studies of bilateral NTBs in Serbia’s intra-CEFTA 2006 which demonstrate that our trade partner uses policy oriented NTBs. The removal of NTBs at the global, as well as regional levels is crucial for the development of trade flows after the world economic crisis.
The main goal of the monograph is to present the issues related to the economic development of Russian Far East. The monograph is addressed to a wide audience interested in the economic development ...of Russia and the Russian Far East.
The author states that society itself is the most important stakeholder in a city. The reasons for such state were examined along with the implications what this means for both inhabitants and ...authorities. In the section that follows, the conscious city-changing actions of inhabitants were taken into consideration, with the emphasis on urban activism. The last part again concerns inhabitants’ actions in a converse, passive way, which is perceived as a form of active but unconscious participation in governance in this research.
