The quarterly unemployment rate from the Labour Force Survey covering Poland’s data from the first quarter 2005 to the third quarter 2019 was investigated. The issue was to reveal its stochastic ...structure as a trend, seasonality and disturbance and to make a prognosis. The analysed data comes from a survey based on rotational design, so the problem of possibly autocorrelated survey errors was taken into consideration. Following Harvey (2000), Pfeffermann, Feder, and Signorelli (1997), Yu and Mantel (1997) and Bell and Carolan (1998) it seemed to be of great importance to include the proper autocorrelation structure of the errors into a statistical treatment. It appeared that for Polish unemployment data that structure was not as it could have been expected. After the model was fitted to the data, a conclusion about the specificity of the unemployment rate with respect to gender was drawn. Unemployment forecast until 2020:Q4 is provided.
In recent times, the influence of family background on quality of life has become the subject of debate among researchers and policy makers in Nigeria, as a result of this, the study was carried out ...to establish the relationship that exist between these important variables. Three Universities were purposively selected in Ogun State, in which three hundred postgraduate students were randomly selected from these three universities (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye and Covenant University, Ota) in Ogun State. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire on socio-economic characteristics, family background and quality of life (physical health, psychological health, level of independence, social relationship, environment and religion characterising the 6 domains of quality of life). Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results revealed that Spearman’s rank correlation showed a significant .In recent times, the influence of family background on quality of life has become the subject of debate among researchers and policy makers in Nigeria, as a result of this, the study was carried out to establish the relationship that exist between these important variables. Three Universities were purposively selected in Ogun State, in which three hundred postgraduate students were randomly selected from these three universities (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye and Covenant University, Ota) in Ogun State. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire on socio-economic characteristics, family background and quality of life (physical health, psychological health, level of independence, social relationship, environment and religion characterising the 6 domains of quality of life). Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results revealed that Spearman’s rank correlation showed a significant (p<0.05) relationship between age and psychological quality of life (r=0.21) as well as family structure and physical health (r=0.47). Also there was a significant relationship between family structure and psychological quality of life (r=0.39) family type and physical health (r=0.44) as well as monthly income and religion of the parents (r=0.17). The study concluded that age, family type and structure were the major factors that affect psychological and physical health of the respondents. The study therefore recommends that in order for students to have a better quality of life, parents are encouraged to expose themselves to higher level of educational attainment, diversify their sources of incomes and have a moderate family size.
This study examined the influence of deregulation of interest rate and monetary policy effectiveness on Nigerian economy. The study covered the period 1970-2018 which encompasses a period of major ...reforms in monetary policy. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach to co-integration, structural break test and error correction mechanism (ECM) test were applied in the study. The results revealed positive impact of deregulation on economic growth in Nigeria. It also revealed that deregulation policy has been a hindrance to the efficacy of monetary policy. The study therefore recommends a guided and a well-planned deregulation policy embedded with increase in the level of money supply coupled with more attention on the productive sector of the country. Banks should be directed to make adequate credits available to investors to lubricate the economy for greater output. The Securities and Exchange Commission should re-engineer and reinvigorate optimal development of both money and capital markets to achieve the desired results.
The aim of this paper is to provide an answer to the question whether entrepreneurship financing regarding Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) eradicate poverty in Nigeria between 2000 and ...2018. The study utilized data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and World Development Indicators. Consequently, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged, Bounds test and Error Correction Model techniques were utilized to address the objective of the study. The important findings that emerged in this work could be summarized as follows; agriculture and forestry financing does not contribute to poverty eradication in both the short run and the long run. However, mining and quarrying business financing eradicate poverty in the short run. In the same vein, financing of manufacturing and food processing businesses contributes to the eradication of poverty in the long run. Aggregate lending of the commercial bank causes eradication of poverty in both in the short run and the long run respectively. The speed of adjustment in which it took the model to correct disequilibrium due shock from the previous year to equilibrium in current year is 27%. Moreover, due to the important findings that emerged in this work, the following recommendations are made for the policy makers in Nigeria in specific and Africa in general to explore. Financing of mining and quarrying businesses, manufacturing and food processing should be the priority of the Nigerian government since poverty eradication could be achieved through this in the both short run and the long run in the country. Also, the commercial banks should increase the percentage of their lending to SMEs in order to encourage the expansion of SMEs entrepreneurship which its multiplier effects reduce poverty in the nearest future. Finally, commercial banks’ lending towards agricultural sub sector should be increased. Therefore, the Central Bank of Nigeria should implement appropriate policies that will redirect the commercial banks’ lending to agricultural sub sector in Nigeria.
This paper assessed whether human capital accounting is a panacea for attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. Data of human capital accounting (measured by sustainability ...reporting) and sustainable development goals (measured by capital employed: CEE and human capital efficiency: HCE) were obtained for thirty-one (31) listed firms on Nigerian Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2017. Whilst the correlation results suggest that CEE negatively relates with HCA, HCE has a positive link with HCA. In addition, the log-linear regression model showed that human capital accounting has significant impact on sustainable development goals; this is a clear indication that human capital accounting is a panacea for attaining the sustainable development goals in Nigeria. In view of this, it was recommended that at firm levels, organizations are encouraged to engage in comprehensive and all-embracing human capital development programmes in order to sustain and promote the sustainable development goals in areas of equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities. As a matter of fact, the government should assist firms in creating the needed stand for all-inclusive human capital development programmes, especially in aspects of empowering employees with the right training and skills needed in the work environment. This will ensure a healthy and viable workforce and harness economic growth for the nation.
This study examined the international air transport passengers handled with the main aim of analysing the variation in trend of passengers transported and the problems confronting the airports. Six ...(6) International airports were selected based on geo-political representation and passengers’ movement between 2004 and 2017 were collected from Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN). These data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools of mean and standard deviation while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to establish the variation of passengers’ movement. It was revealed from the results that, the movement trend is uneven and asymmetrical in nature, characterized with up and down movement. More so, Daily utilization capacity of the airports depicted that DNMM has a high capacity (1,779) and DNAA a fair capacity (514) and other airports are underutilized. This invariably showed that there is no variation in the international air passengers’movement at the airports (F = 2.589, p-value >0.05) which is not significant. Stricter policies and regulations, establishment of indigenous and national carrier, closure of airports that are not viable economically, employment of aviation professionals to curb the problems of bad management and insecurity were recommended for the study.
This article reviews the economic policy of Turkey’s ruling Justice & Devel-opment Party. We’ll see, that, contrary to the Islamic tenets, which it is bound to espouse, the Party has been making the ...country ever more dependent on the external sources of finance. On the one hand, the inflow of the foreign capital has fostered the rapid economic growth. But on the other hand, Turkey already is and obviously, will continue to be hostage to increased dependence on the inflow/outflow of funds from the outside.
In the autumn of 2022, the oldest economic department in Bulgaria - the "Economics" department of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", marks its 120th anniversary. The culmination of the ...series of events to mark the anniversary is the presentation of the collective monograph "Challenges to the Bulgarian economy on the way to membership in the Eurozone". The individual chapters of the monograph have been prepared by distinguished professors and scientists of the department, its graduates, current and former doctoral students, who examine the various aspects related to Bulgaria's readiness for its accession to the Eurozone. The aim of the collective monograph is to examine the prerequisites for adopting the euro in Bulgaria and the economic aspects of joining the Eurozone both in macroeconomic terms and in relation to some sectors. The monograph seeks answers to the questions of what are the challenges facing the Bulgarian economy in preparing the country for membership and how it can be prepared for effective functioning within the Eurozone. With this, the research contributes to enriching the applied scientific literature not only in the country, but also in the field of monetary unions in general, and would be of interest to academics, analysts and experts in the field of the affected issues, as well as to all who are interested in the potential effects of joining the Eurozone.
As access to medical services provided by public healthcare system in Poland is limited, private supplementary health insurance becomes an increasingly interesting option for patients. Private ...insurance market has grown significantly in recent years. Therefore, it is interesting to determine factors contributing to the demand for supplementary health insurance by adopting a mathematical model of both compulsory public health insurance and additional, voluntary private health insurance. Such a model was introduced in Dudzinski’s work (2015). The model takes into consideration such factors like compulsory insurance premium, health status of a patient and effectiveness of the public health care system. In this paper we extend the model to the case of additional background financial risk. We show that introducing the additional source of risk exerts certain impact on the demand for the supplementary insurance, however its overall effect depends on the patient’s prudence related to a sign of third derivative of the utility function. The paper pro-poses conditions under which the demand for supplementary insurance increases or decreases, depending on the relation between patient’s prudence with respect to wealth and cross-prudence in health. The results are different from Dudzinski’s article which considered a two-period model.
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