Visuomeninėse vaistinėse galima įsigyti vietiškai veikiančių pusiau kietų vaisto formų, kurių sudėties komponentai lemia infekcinių odos ligų gydymą ir profilaktiką. Gyvūninės kilmės riebalų ...pritaikymas puskiečių preparatų gamyboje yra tik fragmentinis. Ieškant naujovių puskiečių preparatų gamyboje atliktas empirinis tyrimas Dzūkijos regione, kurio metu identifikuojami veiksniai, lemiantys gyvūninės kilmės riebalų vartojimo paplitimą gydant odos ligas. Tiriant sumodeliuotos puskietės formos, kurių sudėtyse įterpti laukinio kiškio taukai ir atliktas biofarmacinis tyrimas in vitro, nustatyta veikliųjų medžiagų atpalaidavimo kinetika iš puskiečių propolio formų. Tyrimo objektas – puskietės formos – tepalai, į kurių sudėtį kaip veiklioji medžiaga įterptas tirštasis propolio ekstraktas. Tyrimo tikslas – sumodeliuoti naujų sudėčių pusiau kietas vaisto formas, kurių pagrindo sudėtyje įterpiami laukinio kiškio taukai, veiklioji medžiaga propolio ekstraktas. Tyrimo uždaviniai. 1. Atlikti sociologinį tyrimą apie kiškio taukų gydomąsias savybes ir numatyti jų pritaikymo galimybes modeliuojant vietinio poveikio puskietes formas. 2. Parinkti tinkamus pagrindus (nešiklius) ir sumodeliuoti kokybiškus puskiečius preparatus tirštuoju propolio ekstraktu. 3. Atlikti puskiečių kompozicijų biofarmacinius tyrimus – veikliųjų junginių atpalaidavimą in vitro. Tyrimo metodika. Mokslinė literatūros analizė. Empirinis tyrimo metodas. Biofarmacinis tyrimas, pro pusiau pralaidžią membraną ir vitro. Duomenų analizė. Grafinis vaizdavimas. Išvados. Laukinio kiškio taukai liaudies medicinoje dažniausiai vartojami infekcinėms odos ligoms gydyti ir profilaktikai. Biofarmacinio tyrimo in vitro metu nustatyta, kad daugiausiai atsipalaiduoja veikliųjų junginių, kai sudėtyje nėra bevandenio lanolino. Didžiausias fenolinių junginių kiekis (20,12 proc.), atpalaiduojamas iš puskietės formos, kurios pagrindą sudaro kiškio taukai, o veiklioji medžiaga įvesta tirštojo propolio ekstrakto forma.
Summary
The paper studies the performance of a typical overpass bridge, with continuous deck and monolithic pier‐deck connections, subjected to strike‐slip faulting. A three‐dimensional (3D) finite ...element (FE) model of the entire bridge–foundation–abutment–soil system is developed, accounting for soil, structure and geometric nonlinearities. Soil behaviour is simulated with a thoroughly validated strain softening constitutive model. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model is implemented for piers, accounting for the interaction between axial force N, bending moment M, shear force Q and torsion T (NMQT); the model is validated against experimental results from the literature. The location of the fault rupture is parametrically investigated, confirming the vulnerability of indeterminate structural systems to large tectonic deformation. The deck is shown to sustain both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane bending moments, as well as torsion; the piers are subjected to biaxial bending, shear and torsion. The response is highly dependent on the location of the fault rupture, emphasizing the need to develop cost‐effective modelling techniques. Four such techniques are developed (with and without decoupling) and comparatively assessed using the detailed 3D FE model as benchmark. The best prediction is achieved by a coupled model, which includes the bridge superstructure, detailed 3D modelling of the soil‐foundation system only for the pier directly affected by the fault, and nonlinear springs representing the foundations of all other piers. The proposed technique offers a computationally efficient means to parametrically analyse long multispan bridges subjected to faulting, for which full 3D FE modelling is impractical.
It is widely agreed that Parmenides invented extended deductive argumentation and the practice of demonstration, a transformative event in the history of thought. But how did he manage this seminal ...accomplishment? In this book, Benjamin Folit-Weinberg finally provides an answer. At the heart of this story is the image of the hodos, the road and the journey. Brilliantly deploying the tools and insights of literary criticism, conceptual history, and archaeology, Folit-Weinberg illuminates how Parmenides adopts and adapts this image from Homer, especially the Odyssey, forging from it his pioneering intellectual approaches. Reinserting Parmenides into the physical world and poetic culture of archaic Greece, Folit-Weinberg reveals both how deeply traditional and how radical was Parmenides' new way of thinking and speaking. By taking this first step toward providing a history of the concept method, this volume uncovers the genealogy of philosophy in poetry and poetic imagery.
•Provides example for probabilistic analysis in geotechnical engineering.•Provides detailed analysis (step-by-step) to reduce uncertainty from geological to geotechnical models.•Numerical ...investigation of Tunnel behaviours based on predefines rock mass behaviour and anticipated failure modes.
A systematic but straightforward probabilistic approach was adopted for the preliminary design using a tunnel case in Egnatia Odos Highway. This tunnel was excavated in a heterogenous molassic formation in Northern Greece, and more specifically in tectonically undisturbed but lithologically varied sedimentary series. This research aimed to identify sources of uncertainty and evaluate its governance during the selection of the geotechnical design parameters. Rigorous analyses of the critical parameters and factors were undertaken following a standardised method for designing underground structures based on the probability theory. Initially, the statistical analysis of the intact rock strength parameters and project-specific geological and geotechnical factors allowed the development of understanding in determining these sources of uncertainty and assisted in quantifying them. The lithological units encountered in the tunnel alignment were classified into first, Geological Units and, secondly, into Rock Mass Types (Geotechnical Units). Finally, the latter were grouped into anticipated Rock Mass Behaviour Types, which were numerically investigated using RS2 for the Finite Element Method analysis and Unwedge to assess these Rock Mass Types' failure modes. For this purpose, the Point Estimate Method was used in the FEM analysis to evaluate the effect of uncertainty in the strength parameters. Ultimately, the numerical analysis results subsequently led to the preliminary design of the respective support sections. Although this investigation was limited by the geotechnical information provided, it was concluded that the approach followed proved to be adequate in identifying the primary sources of uncertainty and its impact on geotechnical design. It was also noted that with more detailed geological information, this probabilistic approach could be used to produce a robust final support tunnel design.
Metastasis of cutaneous melanoma to the oral cavity is a rare condition. Male patient with cutaneous melanoma metastasis to right tonsil 2 years after radical skin lesion resection was treated with ...surgery: tonsillectomy and later resection of soft palate were performed. Two years later the patient was diagnosed with progressive disease to right tonsil and soft palate. Rapid inoperable relapse was detected six months later. The patient underwent two procedures of palliative cryoablation of the metastasis. Postoperative course was uneventful. Patient died 7 months later due to progression of the disease.Cryoablation alone or together with surgery may be a relatively safe option for treatment of inoperable disease of head and neck tumours.
With the scale and cost of geotechnical engineering projects increasing rapidly over the past few decades, there is a clear need for the careful consideration of calculated risks in design. While ...risk is typically dealt with subjectively through the use of conservative design parameters, with the advent of reliability-based methods, this no longer needs to be the case. Instead, a quantitative risk approach can be considered that incorporates uncertainty in ground conditions directly into the design process to determine the variable ground response and support loads. This allows for the optimization of support on the basis of both worker safety and economic risk. This paper presents the application of such an approach to review the design of the initial lining system along a section of the Driskos twin tunnels as part of the Egnatia Odos highway in northern Greece. Along this section of tunnel, weak rock masses were encountered as well as high in situ stress conditions, which led to excessive deformations and failure of the as built temporary support. Monitoring data were used to validate the rock mass parameters selected in this area and a risk approach was used to determine, in hindsight, the most appropriate support category with respect to the cost of installation and expected cost of failure. Different construction sequences were also considered in the context of both convenience and risk cost.
Based on the excessive deformations and support failure encountered during tunnel construction at the Driskos Twin Tunnel site in Northern Greece, this paper provides insight on how tunnels designed ...in such weak rock environments can be realistically analyzed with a view of determining better analytical tools to predict deformations and improving current design methods. Specific factors that were assessed include rock strength based on the geological strength index (GSI), tunnel deformation, numerical analysis techniques employed, three-dimensional model type, support considerations, dilation, sequencing of tunnel excavation, influence of single bore construction on twin bore, and homogenization of tunnel faces. This work involves the use of nominally identical two- and three-dimensional numerical models of tunnel sequencing for analytical simulation of weak material behaviour and sequential tunnel deformation response with the goal of investigating the strength and deformation of such weak rock masses. These have been used in combination with monitoring data that were obtained in the field during the Driskos Twin Tunnel construction. A discussion of the geological conditions, material property determination, monitoring data, and model calibration strategy is given. This paper provides insight into these issues and poses many more fundamental questions regarding the analysis of tunnel excavation within weak rock masses requiring further investigation.
Tunnel excavation produces stress changes to the ground and strain to the support lining, leading to the closure (convergence) or instability of the excavated area. Convergence recorded after section ...excavation is assigned to: (i) strain resulting from the progressive tunnel front advance (face advance effect) and (ii) the time-dependent properties of the soil material (ground creep effect). In the present study, based on the geodetic monitoring records of two recent road tunnels in Greece, a simple methodology to estimate the contribution of each of the two effects is presented. Our analysis reveals that at least half of the total deformation of the examined tunnel sections is due to ground creep, indicating that the major portion of tunnel deformation is due to the time-dependent properties of the ground; a result supported by previous studies from other tunnels as well.
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