This book examines a wide array of labour market and social protection programmes aimed at people with disabilities and analyses the relationship between policies and outcomes across twenty OECD ...countries.
This book is about how much people earn and why the distribution of earnings has been changing over time. The gap between the top and bottom in the United States has widened significantly since 1980. ...Why has this happened? Is it due to new technologies? What is the role of globalisation? Are there historical precedents? The book begins with the "race" between technology and education, and shows that continuing technical progress does not necessarily imply a continuing rise in dispersion. It then examines the experience of 20 OECD countries over the twentieth century, material presented in the form of 20 country case studies. The book breaks new ground in assembling data on the distribution of individual earnings covering much of the twentieth century and drawing on a variety of under-exploited sources. The findings overturn a number of widely-held beliefs. It is not the earnings of the low paid that have been most affected by the recent changes; widening is largely due to what is happening at the top. The recent rise in earnings dispersion is not unprecedented, but should be seen as part of a longer-run history of successive compression and expansion of earnings differences. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/9780199532438/toc.html
This study replicates and extends the results presented in a top-cited article in this journal, Inglesi-Lotz (2016), which analyzes the impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth for ...the OECD countries by applying the ordinary least squares with fixed effect estimator on the data from 1990 to 2010. By using the same data and methods, this study first produces and compare empirical results with those reported in the original article. Then, it applies a set of new econometric methods on the same data to address heterogeneity in renewable energy and economic growth across the analyzed group of countries. The panel quantile regression estimation shows that the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is positive for lower and low-middle quantiles; however, its effect becomes negative for middle, high-middle, and higher quantiles when renewable energy consumption is proxied by the absolute value. Furthermore, a negative impact of renewable energy on economic growth is observed in almost all quantiles when it is proxied by the share of renewable energy consumption to total energy consumption. These results greatly differ from those of the original study
•This study aims to replicate and extend Inglesi-Lotz's (2016)•The panel quantile regression is used for empirical analysis.•Renewable energy consumption contributes to economic growth for lower and low middle quantiles.•Renewable energy consumption negatively impacts economic growth in middle and upper quantiles.
We are facing a series of converging planetary emergencies linked to the environment, the economy, and our social and political systems, but we will not meet these challenges using the tools of the ...last century. We need to rethink the role of the economy in improving the well-being of people and the planet. As the world’s leading intergovernmental forum on economic policy, the OECD has a central role to play in creating a new economic narrative. OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría therefore invited a high-level group of experts to contribute their proposals on what needs to change in economic policy and policymaking. This report summarises their conclusions. The Advisory Group argues that we need to go beyond growth, to stop seeing growth as an end in itself, but rather as a means to achieving societal goals including environmental sustainability, reduced inequality, greater wellbeing and improved resilience. This requires updating the philosophy, tools and methods underpinning the analysis that influences economic decision-making. Drawing on developments across the modern field of economics and political economy, the report argues for a new approach which recognises the rootedness of economic systems and behaviour in the relationship between people, social institutions and the environment.
Extending Opportunities Development, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
2005, 2005-03-30, 20050101
eBook
Social policy is often disparaged as being a burden on society, undermining the entrepreneurial spirit, discouraging work and savings, and fostering dependency on the state. Bad social policy can ...indeed have negative effects, but social policy is not inevitably bad.
Environment-economic growth nexus is one of the main concerns of the researchers in the modern era. Although there are several studies in this field, discussions are far from being reached a ...consensus. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, oil prices, and trade openness on CO2 emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1990–2014. We provide a comparative panel data evidence using both the first- and second-generation estimation methods. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimations indicate that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid in OECD countries. However, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator revealed that the EKC hypothesis is invalid. The AMG estimator is a second-generation estimator and provides robust results under cross-sectional dependence compared to the first-generation methods; therefore, the EKC hypothesis is invalid. Our additional findings show that rising renewable energy consumption and oil prices mitigate CO2 emissions while non-renewable energy consumption increases it according to all estimators. No significant relationship is found between trade openness and CO2 emissions.
Doing Better for Families Publishing, OECD
OECD Publishing,
2011, 2011-05-06, 2011-06-30
eBook, Book
All OECD governments want to give parents more choice in their work and family decisions. This book looks at the different ways in which governments support families. It seeks to provide answers to ...questions like: Is spending on family benefits going up, and how does it vary by the age of the child? Has the crisis affected public support for families? What is the best way of helping adults to have the number of children they desire? What are the effects of parental leave programmes on female labour supply and on child well-being? Are childcare costs a barrier to parental employment and can flexible workplace options help? What is the best time for mothers to go back to work after childbirth? And what are the best policies to reduce poverty among sole parents?
•The impact of export product diversification on energy efficiency is examined.•The empirical evidences confirm that export product diversification helps to mitigate the energy intensity in OECD ...countries.•Extensive and intensive margins of exports contribute to decrease energy and carbon intensity.•Urbanization is highlighted as contributor for reducing energy efficiency.•Trade openness and financial development tends to have negative impacts on energy intensity.
The present study explores the important contributors of energy efficiency in OECD countries, by taking the energy intensity and carbon intensity as a proxy of energy efficiency. Notably, we study the role of three indicators of export diversification (export product diversification, extensive margin and intensive margin) for energy intensity and carbon intensity in 29 OECD countries, which further allow us to draw new and innovative conclusions. In doing so, we use the data from 1990 to 2015 and employ alternative panel data estimations; sequential estimation, panel quantile regressions, system GMM and difference GMM, for an in-depth and detailed empirical analysis. In our empirical analysis, we robust check the impacts of export diversification on carbon intensity and investigate the role of institutional factors for energy intensity. The empirical outcomes provide robust evidence that all three indicators of export diversification help to reduce energy intensity and might be used as a policy factor in improving energy efficiency and sustainable environment. The empirical evidence further reports practical implications for policymakers and environmental scientists to achieve the greener growth, energy efficiency and sustainable development goals (SDG's) of OECD countries.
This report maps strategies, governance tools, institutional settings and innovative approaches used by governments across the OECD to drive and support society-wide gender equality goals. It covers ...all state institutions, including legislatures and judiciaries, and discusses the challenges faced by OECD countries in achieving long-lasting impact. Finally, the report provides policy guidance for state institutions, supported by examples of what works across the OECD. This report establishes a baseline for monitoring progress, based on the 2015 OECD Recommendation of the Council on Gender Equality in Public Life.