The spider crabs of the genus Pisa Leach, 1814 (Epialtidae: Pisinae) are reviewed in this study based on morphological and molecular data (16S and COI genes). From these results, a new ...genus, Afropisa n. gen., is established for the clade composed of Pisa carinimana Miers, 1879, Pisa calva Forest and Guinot, 1966 and Pisa sanctaehelenae Chace, 1966 based on carapace morphology, rostrum, pterygostomian tubercles and male gonopod 1. Additionally, Lissa chiragra (Fabricius, 1775) is transferred to Pisa based on morphological (adults and larvae) and molecular evidence. Furthermore, the status of Pisa hirticornis (Herbst, 1804) is discussed and clarified. The phylogenetic relationships between several Pisinae Dana, 1851 genera, as revealed by molecular data, are discussed. An illustrated identification key of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species of Pisinae is provided.
Dieses Skalenhandbuch für das Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 umfasst die Dokumentation aller Instrumente, die in der Studie im Jahre 2015 in Deutschland eingesetzt wurden.
...Neben den Fragen – den sogenannten Items – des Schülerfragebogens, des Elternfragebogens, des Lehrerfragebogens sowie des Schulleiterfragebogens werden die mittleren (internationalen und nationalen) Lösungshäufigkeiten der verwendeten Testaufgaben für die Domänen Naturwissenschaften, Lesen und Mathematik aufgelistet. In der Erhebung 2015 bildete die Domäne Naturwissenschaften zum zweiten Mal die Hauptdomäne. Es werden sowohl die internationalen Fragen als auch Fragen abgebildet, welche nur in Deutschland erhoben worden sind.
To explain the etiology and find a mode of therapy of genetically determined low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), we have generated recombinant adenoviruses expressing apolipoprotein A-l ...(apoA-l)(Leu141Arg) sub(Pisa) and apoA-l(Leu159Arg) sub(FIN) and studied their properties in vitro and in vivo. Both mutants were secreted efficiently from cells but had diminished capacity to activate lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in vitro. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of either of the two mutants in apoA-l-deficient (apoA-l super(-/-)) mice resulted in greatly decreased total plasma cholesterol, apoA-l, and HDL cholesterol levels. The treatment also decreased the cholesteryl ester to total cholesterol ratio (CE/TC), caused accumulation of pre beta 1-HDL and small size alpha 4-HDL particles, and generated only few spherical HDL particles, as compared to mice expressing wild-type (WT) apoA-l. Simultaneous treatment of the mice with adenoviruses expressing either of the two mutants and human LCAT normalized the plasma apoA-l, HDL cholesterol levels, and the CE/TC ratio, restored normal pre beta - and alpha -HDL subpopulations, and generated spherical HDL. The study establishes that apoA-l(Leu141Arg) sub(Pisa) and apoA-l(Leu159Arg) sub(FIN) inhibit an early step in the biogenesis of HDL due to inefficient esterification of the cholesterol of the pre beta 1-HDL particles by the endogenous LCAT. Both defects can be corrected by treatment with LCAT.
Les troubles de la posture sont une complication fréquente des syndromes parkinsoniens dégénératifs. La physiopathologie de ces troubles reste à ce jour incomplètement élucidée. Qu’il s’agisse d’un ...trouble dans le plan sagittal (ou camptocormie) ou dans le plan axial (ou Pisa syndrome), ils sont le témoin de l’aggravation de la pathologie sous-jacente sur le plan axial et sont le plus souvent dopa-résistants. Le mode évolutif est un point déterminant dans l’évaluation diagnostique.
Dans le cadre d’une maladie de Parkinson, l’installation insidieuse chronique d’une légère antéflexion du tronc est classique. Néanmoins, certains troubles de la posture s’installent sur un mode beaucoup plus rapide. L’examen clinique s’attache à quantifier le trouble de la posture (c’est-à-dire son degré d’angulation), à analyser son type (« UPPER ou LOWER camptocormia »), son caractère réversible ou pas, l’existence de douleurs abdominales ou lombaires, mais également à évaluer le syndrome parkinsonien dans son ensemble et sa dopasensibilité. Dans le cadre des syndromes parkinsoniens atypiques, l’atrophie multisystématisée est celle qui s’accompagne le plus de troubles de la posture. Elle est responsable de dystonie cervicale (en particulier d’antecollis), ou de dystonie axiale (camptocormie et/ou Pisa syndrome) d’apparition volontiers précoce (dans les 5 premières années d’évolution) et d’aggravation rapide.
Le bilan étiologique consiste à rechercher un facteur déclenchant (intervention chirurgicale au niveau lombaire, fracture vertébrale, modification du traitement dopaminergique, prise de neuroleptique…) mais également un antécédent de scoliose, personnel ou familial. Sur le plan paraclinique, un bilan biologique (CPK, bilan phosphocalcique, bilan thyroïdien) et un scanner musculaire permettent d’écarter un diagnostic différentiel.
La prise en charge des troubles de la posture d’origine extrapyramidale doit être précoce et multidisciplinaire. La correction des facteurs déclenchants si cela est possible doit être réalisée. La kinésithérapie est capitale. L’intérêt des injections de toxine botulique dans certains muscles impliqués dans le maintien postural est discuté, avec des effets modestes et inconstants. Dans de rares cas, certaines options chirurgicales peuvent être proposées (stimulation cérébrale profonde ou arthrodèse pan-rachidienne).
Vulgarizado em 1961 nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), o conceito de ‘big science’ refere-se à investigação científica em grande escala, com orçamentos importantes, equipas numerosas, instrumentos ...e laboratórios de grandes dimensões, com produção de uma enorme quantidade de dados. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, analisa-se o Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), destacando características que apresentam similaridades com o conceito de ‘big science’. Os resultados encontrados apontam que o PISA pode ser considerado o primeiro programa no campo das ciências sociais e humanas que se insere nesta forma de fazer ciência
Das Skalenhandbuch für das Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 umfasst die Dokumentation aller Instrumente, die in der Studie im Jahre 2018 in Deutschland eingesetzt wurden.
...Neben den Fragen – den sogenannten Items – des Schülerfragebogens, des Elternfragebogens, des Lehrerfragebogens sowie des Schulleiterfragebogens werden die mittleren nationalen Lösungshäufigkeiten und dazugehörige Kenngrößen der verwendeten Testaufgaben für die Domänen Lesen, Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik aufgelistet. In der Erhebung 2018 bildete die Domäne Lesen mit der Neuerung des adaptiven Testens die Hauptdomäne. Damit beginnt ein neuer Zyklus, da in den vorhergehenden Zyklen jede der drei untersuchten Grundbildungsdomänen Lesen, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften zweimal den inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt bildete. Es werden sowohl die internationalen Fragen als auch Fragen abgebildet, welche nur in Deutschland erhoben worden sind.
The introduction of the Merdeka curriculum mandates that teachers emphasize the development of creative thinking abilities and incorporate learning into local contexts. For this reason, this study ...aims to describe the creative thinking skills of class VII students in answering PISA-like mathematics problems on quantity in the context of Palembang tourism using the Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. This study used a descriptive study with 28 students from junior high school number 26 in Palembang. Tests, interviews, and observations were used to collect data. The analytical method used is descriptive. The PMRI technique learning is carried out in this study by providing student worksheets. The task of students to discuss each other's problems with different levels of difficulty, followed by two PISA-like mathematics problems in quantity content and the context of Palembang tourism. The results showed that students' average creative thinking skills were at a moderate level, with fluency and elaboration indicators appearing the most. However, only a few students have indicators of originality. Overall, the creative thinking ability of grade VII students in answering PISA-like mathematics problems in the quantity content and Palembang tourism by utilizing the PMRI approach is good because students can imagine questions because they use content and contexts that they have experienced.
Literasi matematika merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh masyarakat, tetapi pada kenyataannya kemampuan literasi matematika siswa Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Salah satu upaya ...yang dilakukan adalah membiasakan siswa untuk mengerjakan soal literasi matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen literasi matematika model PISA dengan menggunakan konteks budaya Baduy yang valid dan reliabel. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan model pengembangan Tessmer. Tahap pengembangannya terdiri dari preliminary, self evaluation, prototyping yang terdiri dari tahap expert review, one-to-one, dan small group, serta yang terakhir adalah tahap field test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen dinyatakan “sangat valid” pada expert review dan skor akhir pada uji lapangan menunjukkan bahwa instrumen “valid” dan “reliabel”.
After a brief history that positions polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) in the field of polymer chemistry, this Review will cover the fundamentals of the PISA mechanism. Furthermore, this ...Review will also give an overview of some of the features and limitations of RAFT‐mediated PISA in terms of the choice of the components involved, the nature of the nanoobjects that can be obtained and how the syntheses can be controlled, as well as some potential applications.
A matter of form: Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is based on the use of controlled/living polymerization (CLP) and consists of extending solvophilic living chains with a solvophobic segment to generate block copolymers that self‐assemble to achieve various morphologies in situ. This Review covers PISA mediated by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), one of the most popular radical CLP methods.
PDF