Physical activity, nutritional status, and fitness are important predictors of public health and the well-being of society as a whole. They influence the preparedness to perform official duties and ...tasks in some professional specialties. They are also important factors leading to success in professional sport and sport for all. This supplement to the Special Issue "Physical activity, nutritional status and physical fitness" consists of articles on two main thematic fields. The first field is a series of articles in which Polish soldiers, policemen, and border guards were the research subjects. The research issues concerned the determination of the level of physical activity, problems related to overweight and obesity, adherence to dietary recommendations, and the determination of energy expenditure. The authors assessed the state of a given variable and examined the relationships between individual variables in order to find the regularities on the basis of which it was possible to develop recommendations for soldiers and officers and their superiors (makers). The presented works were carried out as part of a research project of the National Health Program. The second thematic field concerns the physical activity, nutritional status, and fitness of the general public. Interesting topics that were discussed include the index for diet assessment, the influences of some genes on obesity, and the effect of modified training based on the principles of CrossFit on the development of general physical fitness in a group of kickboxers. The study also includes a paper on a new physical fitness test (ACFT) in the US Army.
In this biomonitoring study, we evaluated the concentrations of 8 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 11 organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), 33 brominated flame retardants (BFRs), 7 novel brominated ...and chlorinated flame retardants (novel FRs) and 30 per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in human serum samples (n = 274). A total of 89 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured in blood serum samples of city policemen living in three large cities and their adjacent areas (Ostrava, Prague, and Ceske Budejovice) in the Czech Republic. All samples were collected during the year 2019 in two sampling periods (spring and autumn). The identification/quantification of PCBs, OCPs, BFRs, novel FRs and PFAS was performed by means of gas chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry (GC–MS/(MS)) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The most frequently detected pollutants were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), 2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB 138), 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB 153), 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB 170), 2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) quantified in 100% of serum samples. In the serum samples, the concentrations of determined POPs were in the range of 0.108–900 ng g−1 lipid weight (lw) for PCBs, 0.106–1016 ng g−1 lw for OCPs, <0.1–618 ng g−1 lw for FRs and <0.01–18.3 ng mL−1 for PFAS, respectively. Locality, sampling season, and age were significantly associated with several POP concentrations. One of the important conclusions was that within the spring sampling period, statistically significant higher concentrations of CB 170 and CB 180 were observed in the samples from Ostrava (industrial area) compared to Prague and Ceske Budejovice. Older policemen had higher concentrations of five PCBs and two OCPs in blood serum.
•Serum was used for assessment of direct human body burden to possible harmful POPs.•18 PFASs, 15 BFRs, 10 OCPs, 8 PCBs and 3 novel FRs were quantified in human serum.•Within the dominant PFASs in serum, 11 new pollutants were included.•A declining trend for PCB and OCP concentrations in serum was monitored.•Selected PCB and OCP levels were found to increase with increasing policemen's age.
Introduction: Policemen are one of the important cadres for positive pace of development of any nation. They can work optimally if, they are physically and mentally fit. Objective: To assess ...socio-demographic and health profile, determinants of ill health and their correlates with work profile of male policemen at Ahmedabad city. Method: Study was carried out at Police headquarters, Ahmedabad where policemen from all over district reported for work. Calculated sample size was 416. List of all policemen was obtained, participants were selected through simple random sampling, and personal interview was carried out at Police Headquarters of the city. Result: The mean age of study participants was 42.50+9.32 years. In context to BMI,total75.3% policemen were either overweight or obese. Policemen with tobacco addiction were 186(45%).Of total, 11.29% and 7.69% were hypertensive and diabetics respectively. Around three-fourth (74%) policemen complained of perceived stress. Conclusion: Two thirds of the total participants were overweight or obese. Factors like improper dietary habits,presence of disease, disturbed sleep and tobacco addictions among Policemen had a significant association with their work profile. Majority were under perceived stress and its consequences.
Drug addiction is a common phenomenon that increases with the progress of the European integration process. Professional help to people addicted and under the influence of drugs or other psychoactive ...substances should be provided primarily by health care institutions. An important and interesting issue seems to be the assessment of how people who have the most frequent contact with addicts are prepared to provide help, what is their knowledge and attitude to the phenomenon of drug addiction and to people addicted to psychoactive substances. The material for the research was a questionnaire for people who have contact and / or work professionally with people addicted to psychoactive substances. A total number of 253 people who had professional contact with people addicted to psychoactive substances were examined, including 102 men and 151 women. The respondents most often acquired knowledge in the field of drug addiction through the mass media. The exception is the professional group of doctors, which was the only one to refer to professional literature. Contact with drug addicts was not worried by 68.6% of doctors, 68.4% of policemen, 45.9% of nurses and only 39.0% of teachers. Fear may be caused mainly by possible aggressive behavior, which is feared by 49.8% of the respondents, including 58.3% of women and 37.2% of men. When it comes to 90.1% of respondents, they believe that the cause of aggression is the lack of control over their emotions. The results of the work can be helpful in creating new, satisfying solutions to difficult situations and developing cooperation characterized by empathy and acceptance.
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and carbonyl compounds (CCs) are recognized traffic-related air pollutants in urban environments and are the focus of this study. In Bangkok, the ...BTEX and CC concentrations in both ambient air and personal exposure samples were studied during two periods (April–May and August–September 2014) at four different sampling sites around the Pathumwan District (three intersections and one T-junction). Traffic policemen, representing the high-exposure group for these toxic air pollutants, were observed, and the health risk to these workers was evaluated. Toluene was the predominant aromatic compound in the ambient and personal exposure samples. The maximum average ambient concentration of BTEX was 2968.96 μg/m3. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant CCs at all of the sampling sites, with the greatest mean concentrations of these substances being 21.50 μg/m3 and 64.82 μg/m3, respectively. In the personal exposure samples, the highest levels of BTEX, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were 2231.85 μg/m3, 10.61 μg/m3, and 16.03 μg/m3, respectively. In terms of risk assessment, benzene posed the greatest cancer risk (at the 95% CI), followed by toluene, acetaldehyde and formaldehyde (1.15E-02, 5.14E-03, 2.84E-04, and 2.52E-04, respectively). Three risk factors were investigated to reduce the total cancer risk levels: reducing the chemical concentration, exposure time and exposure duration. The use of a mask (chemical concentration) was the best way to reduce the risk to traffic police. However, the risk value of benzene (average 1.57E-05) was still higher than an acceptable value when using a mask.
•Pathumwan District, Bangkok showed the high ambient concentrations for both BTEX and carbonyls.•The traffic police had the highest personal exposure concentrations of BTEX and carbonyl compared to other outdoor workers.•The cancer risk values for traffic police working at the inner city of Bangkok were greater than an acceptable level.•The use of an appropriate mask was evaluated to be the most appropriate way to decrease health risks of traffic policemen.
The psychological analysis of the concept of "sociability" in the field of legal psychology is revealed, which is defined by researchers as a conscious act in communication, aimed at establishing ...friendly and trusting relationships. The purpose of the article is an empirical study of the psychological structure of the sociability of patrol police officers with different levels of communicative control. The study involved M. Snyder's "Diagnostic Methodology for Assessing Self-Control in Communication", with the help of which we divided the subjects into two groups: with low and high levels of communicative control. The first group consisted of subjects with a low level of communicative control in the number of 14 people, the second group included students with a high level of communicative control in the number of 25 people. 7 respondents with an average level were excluded from further research. O. Krupnov's "Test of judgments of the personality sociability studying" was used to diagnose the main components of sociability. For mathematical and statistical processing, cluster analysis using the k – means method was used. Quantitative processing of the results was carried out using Student's t-test.
The obtained facts show that the police officers of the first group have some difficulties in the implementation of friendly behavior, and the police officers of the second group have the sociability formed as a major component of their professional activities. That is, police officers with a low level of communicative control have a better ability to have a casual and easy conversation. The first group needs a boost to be sociable, as they will prefer solitude rather than a forced conversation with a friend. Police officers with a high level of communicative control enjoy the communication process, often take the initiative, know how to build relationships and control themselves well in difficult and problematic communication conditions. The manifestation of sociability in this group of police officers is due to the need to meet the requirements of the profession and be as effective as possible in society.
Background: Physical training is an integral part of policemen’s professional training. The aim of the study is to verify experimentally the effectiveness of the authors’ methodology of training ...future patrol policemen targeted at increasing their general physical fitness level during the primary professional training course. Material and methods: The study involved the patrol policemen of the primary professional training course (N = 115) of the National Academy of Internal Affairs. The level of physical fitness was assessed by the following tests: 100-m race, pull-ups, push-ups, 1000-m race, shuttle run 4 х 9 m, sit-ups, standing long jump, sitting forward bend, and the plank. Results: The obtained data show that the level of general physical fitness of experimental groups’ policemen is significantly better (p < 0.05–0.001) than in control groups’ policemen at the end of the experiment in terms of the level of power, endurance, flexibility, speed and static endurance. Conclusions: The excellent physical fitness level, which was formed during the primary professional training course, will contribute to maintaining a proper level of physical condition and health of policemen and their professional longevity, as well as improving their professional performance.
Can images of an institutional magazine be used as visual archives of women’s police work ? Through the study of Spring 3100, the magazine of the New York Police Department, and a comparison with the ...work of photographer Jane Hoffer, this article explores an occupational iconography and reflects on its use by researchers to monitor the feminization of a professional group, the reactions of male workers to this process and the negotiation by policewomen of their own occupational identity.
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