The main objective of the research is to study the scientific problem of public importance related to the protection of digital rights of the individual in the modern conditions. Due to the ...development of the cryptocurrency sphere, the problem of protection of digital rights of the individual becomes one of the most urgent. The subject studied comprehensively by the authors is the sphere of activity related to the protection of digital rights of the individual from unlawful encroachments. The methodological base of the research consists of the methods of logic allowing to consider the diverse relations in the cryptocurrency sphere and also the analysis of the legislation, study of the documents, study of the electronic information resources. The result of the research is making recommendations regarding the protection of digital rights of the individual related to the development of the cryptocurrency sphere. Furthermore, the authors emphasize the provision of harmonization of the interests of the state and the individual in the cryptocurrency sphere. The novelty of the paper is that the obtained results of the research have not been published before in the literary references and can serve as a guide mark for the further scientific search in the sphere of protection of digital rights of the individual.
This article considers the historical development of DNA-related forensic procedures legislation in Australian jurisdictions from a critical forensic studies lens. It shows that the original intent ...of such legislation was to balance society's need for effective crime control against certain rights of the individual, such as privacy and bodily integrity, and the rights of a suspect to due process. The article documents how the initial legislative intent has been eroded. This has occurred because, in conjunction with the continued development of DNA techniques, the use of forensic DNA data has been routinised. The current legislation focuses too much on crime control, while consideration of the suspect's right to privacy, dignity and honour, as required by the initial legislation, has decreased in relative importance.
The article analyzes the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 1, 2017 No. 19, concerning preliminary judicial control in criminal pre-trial ...proceedings. The author examines the applied aspects of certain provisions of the document in accordance with the current criminal procedure law, evaluates their significance for the judicial and investigative practice, notes the insufficiency of explanations of the Plenum on a number of conflict-of-laws issues, which adversely affects the uniformity of application of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, offers its own review of the provisions of the law, which were commented upon by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht hat in seinem Urteil vom 07.03.2017 (3 C 19/15) in Bezug auf einen Fall des Jahres 2005 die Möglichkeit eines Rechtsanspruchs auf die ...Erlaubnis zum Erwerb eines Betäubungsmittels (BtM) zur Selbsttötung bejaht.
Fragestellung
Die (verfassungs)rechtliche Bewertung und Erörterung der Konsequenzen des Urteils für die Zukunft.
Methode
Überprüfung der Urteilsgründe am Maßstab der aktuellen Grundrechtsdogmatik, insbesondere des Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatzes, und kritische Betrachtung der tatsächlichen Annahmen des Gerichts vor dem Hintergrund der Palliativmedizin sowie des zwischenzeitlich höchstrichterlich bestätigten Rechts auf das „Sterben-Dürfen“.
Ergebnisse
Das Urteil entspricht in seiner Begründung der modernen Grundrechtsdogmatik. Das Erwerbsverbot für BtM zwecks Suizid stelle einen Eingriff in das allgemeine Persönlichkeitsrecht (Art. 2 Abs. 1 in Verbindung mit 1 Abs. 1 GG) dar, der grundsätzlich gerechtfertigt sei. Die Rechtfertigung des Verbots entfiele jedoch im Falle unerträglichen Leidens, wenn dem Betroffenen keine „andere zumutbare Möglichkeit zur Verwirklichung des Sterbewunsches zur Verfügung steht“. Allerdings bietet die Palliativmedizin jedem Betroffenen rechtlich zulässig genau diese „andere zumutbare Möglichkeit“.
Schlussfolgerung
Nachdem der Bundesgerichtshof mit Urteilen vom 25.06.2010 (2 StR 454/09) und 17.09.2014 (XII ZB 202/13) straf- und betreuungsrechtlich das Recht des Einzelnen zum „Sterben-Dürfen“ bestätigt hat, kann dies durch die Palliativmedizin ermöglicht werden, ohne dass es eines Zugangs zu BtM zur Selbsttötung bedarf. Die Perspektive des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts für das Jahr 2005 kann daher rechtlich und faktisch heute nicht mehr aufrechterhalten werden. Für die Zukunft bedarf es daher keiner Erlaubniserteilung mehr für den BtM-Erwerb zum Suizid.
The insistence on the definition of environmental protection is an aspiration which has served as prerequisites to the implementation of human rights in a global economic crises. European Regional ...System has traditionally been focused on the protection of civil and political rights. In the wake of environmental risks that imply the violation of human rights, the emphasis has been placed more on the social, economic and cultural. Collective mechanisms to appeal to the United Nations and the European Court of Human Rights, gave a number of decisions on matters implicating environmental laws and policies. What is to be noted, is the evolution of the guarantees provided under the European Convention on Human Rights, which refers to a substantial understanding of environmental protection, and also including procedural aspects related to the protection of the right to life, privacy, property, information and effective means of appeal. This evolution has been launched by the growing need for states to take preventive measures and policies to the requirements for a balanced sustainable economic development, avoiding environmental risks that imply the violation of human rights. Proportionality in the protection of the interests in this respect creates a context for a fair trial, but also promotes an open and constructive dialogue between judges and lawmakers to protect the public interest.
Data protection is a fundamental right, as enshrined in Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and Article 16(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. ...Everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning them. This approach underscores the EDPS' mission. The EDPS is the European Union's (EU) independent supervisory authority with a number of responsibilities within its mission: monitoring the processing of personal data by the EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies (EUIs); advising on policies and legislation that affect privacy; and cooperating with similar authorities to ensure consistent data protection. Its mission is also to raise awareness about risks, and to protect people's rights and freedoms when their personal data is processed. Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 outlines the EDPS' tasks, powers and duties as an independent supervisor and impartial advisor on EU technologies, policies and laws that could affect the rights to privacy and data protection.
Wesentliche Fragen der Netzpolitik sind: Was heißt Freiheit im Internet? Was kann das Recht bewirken, um die Risiken der elektronischen Vernetzung zu minimieren und die Individualrechte zu schützen? ...Wie kann sich die Demokratie unter dem Einfluss neuer Techniken und der Forderung nach größerer Transparenz weiterentwickeln? Welche Bedeutung hat der Datenschutz und wie sollte er in Zukunft ausgestaltet werden? Der Autor – Rechtswissenschaftler, der auch der erste Bundesbeauftragte für den Datenschutz und zeitweise Innenminister eines Bundeslandes war – stellt nicht nur Fragen, sondern gibt Antworten: Auf der Grundlage von Risikoanalysen behandelt er die verschiedenen Problembereiche und gibt konkrete Lösungshinweise. Er setzt sich vor allem mit den Ängsten und Sorgen derer auseinander, die den neuen Techniken und ihren Anbietern und Nutzern misstrauen, und plädiert für gezielte, effektive rechtliche Regelungen, die zum Abbau der Risiken beitragen.
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