The copper(I)-catalyzed carboxylation reaction of aryl- and alkenylboronic esters proceeded smoothly under CO2 to give the corresponding carboxylic acid in good yield. This reaction showed wide ...generality with higher functional group tolerance compared to the corresponding Rh(I)-catalyzed reaction.
Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is common in young women and rare in young men. It is frequently diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. Here, we report our experience of a young ...male SPN patient presenting with hemoperitoneum after suffering a blunt abdominal trauma, set in the context of the literature. A 16-year-old man was referred to our hospital with abdominal pain after suffering a blunt abdominal trauma. An abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan showed a 50-mm mass at the head of the pancreas and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. The hemorrhage was conservatively treated. Another abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan taken 3 months after the trauma showed the mass to be still present at the pancreatic head. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The operation took 604 minutes and the patient lost 405 ml of blood. The patient was discharged 35 days after the procedure. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as SPN. In cases where the main pancreatic duct is narrow or the texture of the pancreas is soft, we always perform a 2-stage pancreatojejunostomy. We performed pancreatojejunostomy 3 months after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Two years following the pancreaticoduodenectomy, the patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence and malnutrition.
Spinosad, a combination of spinosyn A and D produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a highly efficient pesticide. There has been a considerable interest in the improvement of spinosad production ...because of a low yield achieved by wild‐type S. spinosa. In this study, we designed and constructed a pIBR‐SPN vector. pIBR‐SPN is an integrative vector that can be used to introduce foreign genes into the chromosome of S. spinosa. Different combinations of genes encoding forasamine and rhamnose were synthesized and used for the construction of different recombinant plasmids. The following recombinant strains were developed: S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN (only the vector), S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN F (forosamine genes), S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN R (rhamnose genes), S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN FR (forosamine and rhamnose genes), S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN FRS (forosamine, rhamnose, and SAM S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine synthetase genes), and S. spinosa MUV pIBR‐SPN FR. Among these recombinant strains, S. spinosa pIBR‐SPN FR produced 1394 ± 163 mg/L spinosad, which was 13‐fold higher than the wild‐type. S. spinosa MUV pIBR‐SPN FR produced 1897 (±129) mg/L spinosad, which was seven‐fold higher than S. spinosa MUV and 17‐fold higher than the wild‐type strain.
For more than 60 years, the gold standard for assessing aversive conditioning in humans has been the skin conductance response (SCR), which arises from the activation of the peripheral nervous ...system. Although the SCR has been proven useful, it has some properties that impact the kinds of questions it can be used to answer. In particular, the SCR is slow, reaching a peak 4–5 s after stimulus onset, and it decreases in amplitude after a few trials (habituation). The present study asked whether the late positive potential (LPP) of the ERP waveform could be a useful complementary method for assessing aversive conditioning in humans. The SCR and LPP were measured in an aversive conditioning paradigm consisting of three blocks in which one color was paired with a loud noise (CS+) and other colors were not paired with the noise (CS−). Participants also reported the perceived likelihood of being exposed to the noise for each color. Both SCR and LPP were significantly larger on CS+ trials than on CS− trials. However, SCR decreased steeply after the first conditioning block, whereas LPP and self‐reports were stable over blocks. These results indicate that the LPP can be used to assess aversive conditioning and has several useful properties: (a) it is a direct response of the central nervous system, (b) it is fast, with an onset latency of 300 ms, (c) it does not habituate over time.
In this corrigendum, an error in the proof of Theorem 6.4 in Shaked-Monderer (2016) 2 is pointed out. This theorem states that every graph Tn consisting of n−2 triangles sharing a common base is SPN. ...We have an alternative proof for the case n=5, but for all n>5 it remains open whether Tn is SPN. As a result, the question whether K2,n, n>4, is SPN also remains open.
•Second-order differential form of even-parity SPN equations are derived.•New interface and boundary conditions are derived unlike traditional SPN.•Equivalence with GSPN for K = 0 is brought out.
...Simplified PN (SPN) equations are derived based on variational method using a modified version of ansatz originally proposed by Pomraning. New boundary and interface conditions are derived for the SPN equations using the corresponding angular flux expression. The equivalence of equations, thus derived, along with its interface and boundary conditions with those of a specific case of Generalized SPN (GSPN), put forward by Chao, is brought out.
We consider a wide class of closed convex cones K in the space of real n×n symmetric matrices and establish the existence of a chain of faces of K, the length of which is maximized at n(n+1)2+1. ...Examples of such cones include, but are not limited to, the completely positive and the copositive cones. Using this chain, we prove that the distance to polyhedrality of any closed convex cone K that is sandwiched between the completely positive cone and the doubly nonnegative cone of order n≥2, as well as its dual, is at least n(n+1)2−2, which is also the worst-case scenario.
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) scholars have long advocated for the inclusion of reflective writing as a legitimate form of scholarship. That said, for those instructors seeking to ...publish their reflective work, especially scholarly personal narratives (SPNs), there are persistent gaps between the aspirations of the field and the realities of scholarly publishing. The present study seeks to illuminate that gap through a systematic analysis of the policies and practices of academic journals as they pertain to the publication of reflective writing in SoTL. The ultimate aim of the study is to enable editors to close the gap between belief and practice and empower potential authors to share their reflective teaching and learning practices with others.
The WIMS/PANTHER Embedded Supercell Method (ESM) provides a significant improvement in prediction accuracy in radial power distributions for pressurised water reactors compared to the standard ...“two-step” approach, without the need for a significant increase in computational resource.
A companion paper presents validation of the ESM as previously presented, using PANTHER pin-by-pin diffusion to correct interface errors arising from the standard two-step approach. However, in principle any reference method can be used to solve the embedded supercells and correct the basic solution – this is a significant advantage of the ESM.
A paper presented at PHYSOR 2016 demonstrated that use of diffusion theory introduces significant error relative to transport theory only in the high energy range, due to the discontinuous fission source when modelling the interface between two types of pincell.
This paper investigates further improvement of the PANTHER solution through use of simplified PN in the fast energy groups. This solution method can be implemented without the need for any significant change to the calculation route and further improves agreement with a transport reference for a small computational cost.
The remaining error in the solution is examined by derivation of an effective diffusion coefficient from a heterogeneous transport reference. This suggests a simple characterisation of the discrepancy, which can be easily corrected.
Results are presented in comparison to WIMS for supercells and the KAIST benchmark. For the KAIST small core benchmark assembly power errors relative to a WIMS fine group transport reference are shown to be less than 0.5 %. Results are also presented in comparison to Monte Carlo for the Watts Bar benchmark.
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