Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is an extremely rare tumor, associated with favorable prognosis and long-term survival in patients with advanced disease. However, limited data ...exist on systemic therapy for such patients. Herein, we present a case of a young woman with a history of SPN, who progressed after multiple surgical resections and chemotherapy regimens. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed overexpression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in tumor tissue. The patient started to receive tamoxifen and showed a durable response to endocrine therapy.
With the recent increase in the risks and attacks facing our daily lives and digital environment around us,the trend towards securing data has become inevitable. Block ciphers play a crucial role in ...modern crypto-applicationssuch as secure network storage and signatures and are used to safeguard sensitive information. The present paperdevelops a new variant of the symmetric model called SUMER family ciphers with three equivalent modes: lightweight,conventional (traditional), and extended ciphers. SUMER name belongs to one of the oldest civilizations inMesopotamia and stands for Secure Universal Model of Encryption Robust Cipher. The SUMER cipher is based on asimple and robust symmetric structure and involves solid algebraic theories that completely depend on the Galois FieldGF(28). SUMER cipher is designed to work with two involutional structures of the Substitution-Permutation Network(SPN) and Feistel structure. These two involutional structures mean that the same algorithm is used for the encryptionand decryption process, and only the algorithm of the ciphering key is used in reverse order in both structures. TheSUMER lightweight structure is an elegant mode that does not need building an S-Box that requires a large amount ofmemory and a number of electronic logical gates as S-Box construction has been canceled and replaced by the on-flycomputation clue, which does not need a reserved memory for building S-Box. SUMER family ciphers also can work ina traditional mode or as an extended mode with high margin security. This family of ciphers is applicable with multimodes of various utilizations. The proposed ciphers are designed to be byte-oriented, showing good evaluation andresults under several measurement tests for speed, time implementation, and efficiency.
The principal neurons of the striatum, the spiny projection neurons (SPNs), make inhibitory synaptic connections with each other via collaterals of their main axon, forming a local lateral inhibition ...network. Serotonin, acting via the 5-HT1B receptor, modulates neurotransmitter release from SPN terminals in striatal output nuclei, but the role of 5-HT1B receptors in lateral inhibition among SPNs in the striatum is unknown. Here, we report the effects of 5-HT1B receptor activation on lateral inhibition in the mouse striatum. Whole-cell recordings were made from SPNs in acute brain slices of either sex, while optogenetically activating presynaptic SPNs or fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). Activation of 5-HT1B receptors significantly reduced the amplitude of IPSCs evoked by optical stimulation of both direct and indirect pathway SPNs. This reduction was blocked by application of a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist. Activation of 5-HT1B receptors did not reduce the amplitude of IPSCs evoked from FSIs. These results suggest a new role for serotonin as a modulator of lateral inhibition among striatal SPNs. The 5-HT1B receptor may, therefore, be a suitable target for future behavioral experiments investigating the currently unknown role of lateral inhibition in the function of the striatum.
Visual symmetry activates a network of regions in the extrastriate cortex and generates an event‐related potential (ERP) called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN). Previous work has found that ...the SPN is robust to experimental manipulations of task, spatial attention, and memory load. In the current study, we investigated whether the SPN is also robust to alcohol‐induced changes in mental state. A pilot experiment (N = 13) found that alcohol unexpectedly increased SPN amplitude. We followed this unexpected result with two new experiments on separate groups, using an alcohol challenge paradigm. One group completed an Oddball discrimination task (N = 26). Another group completed a Regularity discrimination task (N = 26). In both groups, participants consumed a medium dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg body weight) and a placebo drink, in separate sessions. Alcohol reduced SPN amplitude in the Oddball task (contrary to the pilot results) but had no effect on SPN amplitude in the Regularity task. In contrast, the N1 wave was consistently dampened by alcohol in all experiments. Exploratory analysis indicated that the inconsistent effect of alcohol on SPN amplitude may be partly explained by individual differences in alcohol use. Alcohol reduced the SPN in light drinkers and increased it in heavier drinkers. Despite remaining questions, the results highlight the automaticity of symmetry processing. Symmetry still produces a large SPN response, even when participants are intoxicated, and even when symmetry is not task relevant.
This is the first study to examine the brain’s response to visual symmetry under the influence of alcohol intoxication. It shows that symmetry perception is robust to the cognitive effects of moderate alcohol consumption. This has important implications for the vision field.
Cell polarization requires asymmetric localization of numerous mRNAs, proteins and organelles. The movement of cargo towards the minus end of microtubules mostly depends on cytoplasmic dynein motors. ...In the dynein-dynactin-Bicaudal-D transport machinery, Bicaudal-D (BicD) links the cargo to the motor. Here, we focus on the role of Drosophila BicD-related (BicDR, CG32137) in the development of the long bristles. Together with BicD, it contributes to the organization and stability of the actin cytoskeleton in the not-yet-chitinized bristle shaft. BicD and BicDR also support the stable expression and distribution of Rab6 and Spn-F in the bristle shaft, including the distal tip localization of Spn-F, pointing to the role of microtubule-dependent vesicle trafficking for bristle construction. BicDR supports the function of BicD, and we discuss the hypothesis whereby BicDR might transport cargo more locally, with BicD transporting cargo over long distances, such as to the distal tip. We also identified embryonic proteins that interact with BicDR and appear to be BicDR cargo. For one of them, EF1γ (also known as eEF1γ), we show that the encoding gene EF1γ interacts with BicD and BicDR in the construction of the bristles.
A series of MOFs with a 6‐connected spn topology were synthesized (MOF‐808‐(Zr, Hf), PCN‐777‐(Zr, Hf), MOF‐818‐(Zr, Hf)). Through the in situ DRIFTS of NH3 adsorption‐desorption, we found that the ...activated catalyst mainly contains Lewis acid sites. The effects of different organic ligands on the Lewis acid of the Zr6 cluster were analyzed by XPS and NH3‐TPD, and the relative Lewis acidity of the same metal was obtained: PCN‐777>MOF‐808>MOF‐818. In the Py‐FTIR results, we confirmed that MOF‐818 has a higher acid site density. In the activity test, MOFs with mesoporous structure showed better catalytic activity under normal temperature and pressure. Among them, MOF‐818 can still maintain a high degree of crystallinity after catalysis. Finally, we use density functional theory to propose the mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide and styrene oxide. The results show that the metal is coordinated with styrene oxide and halogens attack the β carbon of the epoxide.
MOFs with six Zr6 or Hf6 clusters were used for the catalytic CO2 and styrene oxide cycloaddition reactions. They all have the same spn topology skeletons, and ortho‐octahedral morphology. MOF‐818‐Zr with higher acid site density exhibited good catalytic activity and stability at room temperature and an initial pressure of 1 bar CO2. DFT results showed that the metal was coordinated to the styrene oxide and the halogen attacked the β‐carbon of the styrene oxide (ND‐ERO).
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is rare relatively low-grade malignant neoplasm and metastasis rarely. Surgical resection is the primary treatment option for primary and ...metastatic lesions of SPN, and chemotherapy is often ineffective in non-operable SPNs. SPNs are characterized by the presence of somatic
CTNNB1
exon 3 mutations, leading to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin/Cox-2 signal pathway. Here, we firstly report that a refractory liver metastatic pancreatic SPN patient after the failure of multi-line chemotherapies benefited from the Cox-2 selective inhibitor (Celecoxib) based on
CTNNB1
D32V mutation detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS), achieving a more than 22-month progression-free survival without any adverse events. Our case provides a potential treatment option for liver metastatic SPN patients with
CTNNB1
mutations and highlights the application of NGS for the better treatment decision making.
A Hybrid Lightweight Cipher Algorithm
International journal of computing and digital system/International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems,
1/2022
Journal Article
Blowout Preventer (BOP) has maintained its function as a safety barrier and the last line of defence against oil and gas spills since its development in the early 1900s. However, as drilling and ...exploration activities move further offshore, challenges pertaining to reliable operation of the subsea BOP systems continue to be a source of concern for stakeholders in the industry. In spite of recent advancements in reliability analysis of safety instrumented systems (SISs), the research on reliability assessment of BOP is still lacking in some regards. There are gaps in the literature with respect to the incorporation of preventive maintenance (PM) strategies as well as dynamic operating conditions into BOP reliability analysis. To address these gaps, this paper develops an advanced analysis method using stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to estimate the reliability of subsea BOP systems subject to condition-based maintenance (CBM) with different failure modes. The BOP system is divided into five subsystems which are connected in series with each other and categorised into degrading and binary units. The performance of the BOP system in terms of availability, reliability and mean-time-between failures (MTBF) is obtained and analysed. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the effect of fault coverage factor and redundancy design on system performance. The results show that both the fault coverage factor and redundancy have significant impact on the BOP's reliability, availability and MTBF.
•An advanced reliability analysis method using stochastic Petri-net (SPN) and reliability block diagram (RBD) for subsea BOP systems.•To incorporate system degradation and condition monitoring (CM) information in the BOP reliability analysis.•To assess the performance of five BOP subsystems in terms of availability, reliability and mean-time-between failures (MTBF).•To quantify the effect of fault coverage factor and redundancy design on the BOP system performance.
The conditional diagnosability of a system refers to the maximum cardinality of the conditional faulty sets can be identified by the system. The problem of conditional diagnosability is discussed ...widely. In this paper, we analyze the extra connectivities and the conditional diagnosability of a family of networks, called the SPn graphs. Applying the result, we determine the g-extra connectivity (1 ≤ g ≤ 3) and the conditional diagnosability of the star graphs and the pancake graphs under the comparison diagnosis model, respectively.
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