The emergence of state‐of‐the‐art satellite altimetry has provided new prospects for integrating water surface elevation (water level) measurements with a hydrologic model for river discharge ...estimation, which is particularly suited for poorly gauged or ungauged basins. In this context, we explored the possibility of model calibration using Jason‐2‐derived water levels, followed by SWOT (the Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission)‐like data (the combination of Landsat 5/8‐derived at‐a‐section river widths and concurrent gauged water levels). Two types of empirical formulas designed specifically for altimetry‐derived water levels and the joint use of water levels and river widths, respectively, were used to derive discharge, which was integrated with a hydrologic model (CREST‐RS). Here we present results of estimating daily continuous river discharge in narrow rivers for the upper Brahmaputra River (UBR) and Lhasa River (LR) using the developed approach independent of in situ discharge measurements. Five scenarios were performed: (1) model calibration using the Jason‐2‐derived water levels and SWOT‐like data in the UBR (scenarios I–III) and (2) model calibration using the SWOT‐like data for the LR (scenarios IV–V). Results showed that model calibration using the Jason‐2‐derived water levels could provide reasonably well‐constrained parameters for discharge estimation, with the Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) reaching 0.85 during 2003–2014. For the SWOT‐like data, the NSE reached 0.85 for the UBR and 0.75 for the LR. This study highlights the potential of performing model calibration using satellite altimetry and SWOT‐like observations, which paves the way to estimate river discharge for ungauged basins globally.
Key Points
Jason‐2‐derived water levels and SWOT‐like observations could be used as references for model calibration
The calibrated hydrologic model produced daily continuous discharge in ungauged basin
Important implications for discharge estimation using SWOT were provided
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are highly recalcitrant anthropogenic chemicals that are ubiquitously present in the environment and are harmful to humans. Typical ...water and wastewater treatment processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration) are proven to be largely ineffective, while adsorption with granular activated carbon (GAC) has been the chief option to capture them from aqueous sources followed by incineration. However, this process is time-consuming, and produces additional solid waste and air pollution. Treatment methods for PFOS and PFOA generally follow two routes: (1) removal from source and reduce the risk; (2) degradation. Emerging technologies focusing on degradation are critically reviewed in this contribution. Various processes such as bioremediation, electrocoagulation, foam fractionation, sonolysis, photocatalysis, mechanochemical, electrochemical degradation, beams of electron and plasma have been developed and studied in the past decade to address PFAS crisis. The underlying mechanisms of these PFAS degradation methods have been categorized. Two main challenges have been identified, namely complexity in large scale operation and the release of toxic byproducts. Based on the literature survey, we have provided a strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis and quantitative rating on their efficiency, environmental impact and technology readiness.
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•Emerging PFOS and PFOA degradation technologies were reviewed.•The underlying mechanisms of these PFAS degradation methods were categorized.•Identify challenges in large scale operation and the release of toxic by-products.•Strength-weakness-opportunity-threat, and quantitative analysis were provided.
Milk as a farm product has a significant role in improving the quality of human resources through the intersection of protein and mineral needs.Oneof the dairy products is yogurt or probiotic ...fermented milk. Yoghurt is a processed milk food that is a valuable ingredient for the human body and contains high levels of protein, lactose, and lactic acid.This research is conducted to identify the company's internal and external environmental conditions and formulate business development strategies. The research methods are survey methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Research respondents are internal parties: the company leadership and the production section. Respondents from external parties are agents, consumers, competitors, and related agencies. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis. The results showed that the total average score of the IFE matrix was 2,353, and the EFE matrix was 2,587. An alternative formulation of S-O strategies by maintaining product quality and excellence to attract customers. W-O's strategy is to cooperate with investors to obtain investments. S-T strategy by doing marketing research. W-T strategy by promoting products that are more vigorous and effective.
Abstract
The situation in which the tourism industry currently finds itself is forcing increased monitoring of the available tourism opportunities in the various territories of the country. ...Comprehensive state support within the existing crisis, including the creation of a new National Project “Tourism and Hospitality”, offers additional opportunities for the development of domestic tourism. The North-West region (NWFD), with its impressive tourism potential, needs to increase the activity of all participants in the tourism market towards maximizing its opportunities to attract travelers. The article provides an overview of the main research results on the current state of tourism in the NWFD: the development level of transport and hotel infrastructure, the involvement of the territories in various promotion projects, the popularity level of the regions among tourists. Special emphasis was made on a number of promising regions of the district. The article also presents the conclusions of the authors’ SWOT analysis. Recommendations are made in the conclusion.
Sustainable energy storage medium has increased significantly in recent times. Air contamination, which is widely considered to be harmful to an ecological niche, has fuelled the growth of ...sustainable energy sources. On the other hand, adopting sustainable energy technology can create significant issues for keeping the grid stable. With variations in the output of renewable energy sources, storage is essential for power and voltage balancing. Storage of electricity is necessary for energy management, frequency control, peak shaving, load balancing, periodic storage, and backup production in the event of a power outage. As a result, storage technologies have received increasing attention and have evolved into something more than a need in today's world. This article provides a thorough assessment of battery energy storage systems. In addition to describing the features and capabilities of each type of battery storage technology, it also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each innovation when contrasted to other storage mediums. There are comparative charts with many features of each storage technique provided and descriptions of the various uses of energy storage methods. Furthermore, The current work discussed the batteries' strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis in power transmission.
•Current state of Battery Energy storage system technology is discussed.•Comparative study on types of battery energy storage is evaluated.•SWOT analysis of notable types of battery is presented.
The development of clean and sustainable energy around the world has become a necessity as a result of the negative effect energy generated from fossil fuel have on the environment. Ghana intends to ...add nuclear power to its generation mix by 2029. This paper uses the SWOT analysis tool to assess the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats in the country relative to its nuclear power program. We found out that despite the country's effort towards meeting the requirements for the licensing, contracting, construction and operation of the facility, there are still some important loopholes which could delay the process. The research found out that Ghana has a lot of strengths and opportunities that makes an investment in nuclear power an economically viable option. However, issues such as porous security system, corruption, porous borders and policy discontinuity due to changes in political power are threats to the smooth implementation and operation of a nuclear power plant. The research therefore recommended to the government of Ghana to pay critical attention to some of these loopholes. We also looked at a particular weakness which is financing and provided some funding options for its development.
در این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی ظرفیتها و تنگناهای روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه از الگوهای SWOT و QSPM استفاده و در مجموع 40 عامل درونی (نقاط قوت و ضعف) و 30 عامل بیرونی (فرصتها و تهدیدها) مطالعه شد. ...نتایج نشان داد که نهال و بذور گواهیشده، نظام نوین ترویج و توانمندسازی زنان و صنایع تبدیلی چهار نقطه برتر اقدامات انجام یافته و در دست اجرا در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه بوده و از میان محصولات معرفی شده بهعنوان کشتهای جایگزین، کشت زعفران و گیاهان دارویی از جایگاه برتری برخوردار هستند. بر اساس یافتههای پژوهش، سنتی بودن فرآیند تولید، اتلاف منابع آب، برداشت آب از سفرههای زیرزمینی و وجود باغهای درجه 2 و 3 مهمترین نقاط ضعف موجود هستند. رتبهبندی فرصتها بیانگر آن بود که وجود تقاضا برای محصولات کشاورزی، تنوع تولیدات باغی، دانشآموختگان کشاورزی و اراضی مستعد، برترین فرصتهای موجود در روستاهای حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه میباشند. طبق یافتههای مطالعه عواملی چون فرسایش خاک، کمبود آب، کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک و پائین رفتن سطح آبهای زیرزمینی از جمله عواملی هستند که معیشت را در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه مورد تهدید جدی قرار دادهاند. با توجه یافتههای پژوهش و برتری عوامل داخلی در مقایسه با عوامل بیرونی و همچنین برتری نقاط قوت به نقاط ضعف و فرصتها در مقایسه با تهدیدها استراتژی کلی بخش کشاورزی در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه برای بهبود معیشت، رویکردی تهاجمی میباشد.
Energy security has become an important topic, especially after the recent Russian-Ukraine conflict. Amongst the European Union (EU) nations, Italy in particular has been the most affected by such ...energy crises. To address such a concern, this study aims to determine a sustainable energy mix for Italy to ensure affordable, clean, and reliable energy in the country. The existing energy mix consisting of seven energy alternatives are evaluated based on the metrics of technological, socio-political, economic, and environmental aspects. A fuzzy quantitative strategic decision-making approach known as the Fuzzy Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (F-SWOT) tool is employed to materialize this goal. In the SWOT matrix, hydro and biopower have been placed in the first quadrant showcasing strengths and opportunities for its development in Italy. Moreover, solar and wind power have been placed in the second quadrant both showcasing considerable opportunities for its development, however face a few weaknesses as well. Moreover, geothermal and coal power have been placed in the third quadrant, both showcasing weaknesses and threats to the energy security of the country. Lastly, natural gas in the fourth quadrant showcases strengths but poses a substantial threat to the energy security of the country.
This study was conducted based on both SWOT analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. Therefore, the initial SWOT matrix was developed concerning the present research background, ...information obtained from the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration (IRICA) on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to an effective alignment of HR strategies with the organization’s macro strategy. The results showed that HR strategies in IRICA are satisfactory considering the importance of the expected results.
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