This paper describes the access to, and the content, characteristics, and potential applications of the tropical cyclone (TC) database that is maintained and actively developed by the China ...Meteorological Administration, with the aim of facilitating its use in scientific research and operational services. This database records data relating to all TCs that have passed through the western North Pacific (WNP) and South China Sea (SCS) since 1949. TC data collection has expanded over recent decades via continuous TC monitoring using remote sensing and specialized field detection techniques, allowing collation of a multi-source TC database for the WNP and SCS that covers a long period, with wide coverage and many observational elements. This database now comprises a wide variety of information related to TCs, such as historical or real-time locations (i.e., best track and landfall), intensity, dynamic and thermal structures, wind strengths, precipitation amounts, and frequency. This database will support ongoing research into the processes and patterns associated with TC climatic activity and TC forecasting.
"Undone science" refers to areas of research that are left unfunded, incomplete, or generally ignored but that social movements or civil society organizations often identify as worthy of more ...research. This study mobilizes four recent studies to further elaborate the concept of undone science as it relates to the political construction of research agendas. Using these cases, we develop the argument that undone science is part of a broader politics of knowledge, wherein multiple and competing groups struggle over the construction and implementation of alternative research agendas. Overall, the study demonstrates the analytic potential of the concept of undone science to deepen understanding of the systematic nonproduction of knowledge in the institutional matrix of state, industry, and social movements that is characteristic of recent calls for a "new political sociology of science."
Autumn books to fall for
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
09/2016, Volume:
353, Issue:
6304
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A mother sets out to discover how her late son's organs helped to advance scientific research. A data scientist reveals how invisiblealgorithms perpetuate inequality. A citizen scientist delights in ...the contributions of enthusiastic volunteers. Taking a cuefrom the season, the books on this year's fall reading list are poignant, crisp, and reflective. Learn how to combat medical sciencedenial and why we tempt fate by building in disaster-prone areas. Join an awe-inspiring journey through the cosmos, delveinto a light-hearted exploration of profanity, or contemplate the path forward for autonomous vehicles and animal agriculture. Driverless Intelligent Cars and the Road AheadHod Lipson and Melba Kurman MIT Press, 2016. 322 pp. Weapons of Math Destruction How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens DemocracyCathy O'Neil Crown, 2016. 272 pp. What the F What Swearing Reveals About Our Language, Our Brains, and OurselvesBenjamin K. Bergen Basic Books, 2016. 280 pp. Welcome to the Universe An Astrophysical TourNeil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, J. Richard Gott Princeton University Press, 2016. 470 pp. Denying to the Grave Why We Ignore the Facts That Will Save UsSara E. Gorman and Jack M. Gorman Oxford University Press, 2016. 324 pp. The Cure for Catastrophe How We Can Stop Manufacturing Natural DisastersRobert Muir-Wood Basic Books, 2016. 367 pp. Chickenizing Farms and Food How Industrial Meat Production Endangers Workers, Animals, and ConsumersEllen K. Silbergeld Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016. 333 pp. A Life Everlasting The Extraordinary Story of One Boy's Gift to Medical ScienceSarah Gray HarperOne, 2016. 286 pp. Citizen Scientist Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of ExtinctionMary Ellen Hannibal The Experiment, 2016. 432 pp.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the highest energy collider ever built. It resides near Geneva in a tunnel 3.8m wide, with a circumference of 26.7km, which was excavated in 1983-1988 to initially ...house the electron-positron collider LEP. The LHC was approved in 1995, and it took until 2010 for reliable operation. By now, a larger set of larger integrated luminosities have been accumulated for physics analyses in the four collider experiments: ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE.The LHC operates with an extended cryogenic plant, using a multi-stage injection system comprising the PS and SPS accelerators (still in use for particle physics experiments at lower energies). The beams are guided by 1232 superconducting high field dipole magnets.Intense works are underway in preparation of the High Luminosity LHC, aimed at upgrading the LHC and detectors for collecting ten times more luminosity, and extending the collider life to the early 2040's. So far, the (HL-)LHC project represents a cumulation of around one hundred thousand person-years of innovative work by technicians, engineers, and physicists from all over the world; probably the largest scientific effort ever in the history of humanity. The book is driven by the realisation of the unique value of this accelerator complex and by the recognition of the status of high energy physics, described by a Standard Model — which still leaves too many questions unanswered to be the appropriate theory of elementary particles and their interactions.Following the Introduction are: three chapters which focus on the initial decade of operation, leading to the celebrated discovery of the Higgs Boson, on the techniques and physics of the luminosity upgrade, and finally on major options - of using the LHC in a concurrent, power economic, electron-hadron scattering mode, when upgraded to higher energies or eventually as an injector for the next big machine. The various technical and physics chapters, provided by 61 authors, characterise the fascinating opportunities the LHC offers for the next two decades ahead (possibly longer), with the goal to substantially advance our understanding of nature.
Tony W. Keller (1937–2023) Laukien, Frank H.; Banci, Lucia; Meier, Beat H. ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
December 21, 2023, Volume:
62, Issue:
52
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Tony Keller, a pioneer in the field of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, passed away on October 27, 2023, at the age of 86 in Spiez, Switzerland. His work and vision were essential to ...the development and commercialization of NMR spectrometers for many areas of scientific research.
Given the central role of creativity in the future post-information society, a call for a pragmatist approach to the study of creativity is advocated, that brings as a consequence the recognition of ...the dynamic nature of this phenomenon. At the foundation of the proposed new theoretical framework lies the definition of creativity itself, which is turned from static to dynamic through the introduction of the concept of potential originality and effectiveness. Starting from this central definition, and through the introduction of the auxiliary definitions for focus area, creativity goal, creative agent, creative potential of an agent, creative potential of an environment, creative process, product of a creative process, creativity potential of a process, representation of the product of a creative process, and estimator, we arrive at the definitions of creative achievement and creative inconclusiveness. Although both aspects are key in the creative process, creative inconclusiveness was not part of previous definitions, but it is argued that its role is fundamental for effective education in creativity. The new definitions are shown to have full backward compatibility with the extant corpus of scientific research in creativity, as well as forward effectiveness in suggesting novel investigation approaches to support the consideration of new theoretical hypotheses.
Preregistration, the act of specifying a research plan in advance, is becoming more common in scientific research. Infant researchers contend with unique problems that might make preregistration ...particularly challenging. Infants are a hard‐to‐reach population, usually yielding small sample sizes, they can only complete a limited number of trials, and they can be excluded based on hard‐to‐predict complications (e.g., parental interference, fussiness). In addition, as effects themselves potentially change with age and population, it is hard to calculate an a priori effect size. At the same time, these very factors make preregistration in infant studies a valuable tool. A priori examination of the planned study, including the hypotheses, sample size, and resulting statistical power, increases the credibility of single studies and adds value to the field. Preregistration might also improve explicit decision making to create better studies. We present an in‐depth discussion of the issues uniquely relevant to infant researchers, and ways to contend with them in preregistration and study planning. We provide recommendations to researchers interested in following current best practices.
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