High-technology firms often partake in coopetitive alliances toward improving their innovation performance. As relational governance contributes significantly to explaining the coopetitive alliance ...success, this research examines the facilitation of relational governance in coopetitive alliances. Drawing from social contract theory, we propose that alliance’s market orientation (AMO) is a means to establish social and cooperative norms, which in turn, increases the viability of relational governance. The analysis of 246 coopetitive innovation alliances among firms in high-technology industries reveals that alliance competence is an important antecedent to AMO, and AMO plays a key role in facilitating relational governance toward improving alliance performance. Furthermore, environmental turbulence enhances the positive influence of relational governance.
Two questions for Professor Vallier Weithman, Paul
Critical review of international social and political philosophy,
06/2023, Volume:
26, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Kevin Vallier claims to have attained a 'great goal' of the social contract tradition: 'to show that there are regimes supported by the reason of the public and that have authority for citizens in ...those regimes'. I contend that his argument depends upon changing the meanings of 'reason of the public' and 'authority', and conclude that he has not attained the goal he claims.
Kant no se limita a denunciar la guerra como uno de los peores males que padece la humanidad. Intenta además encontrarle un sentido desde una perspectiva de filosofía de la historia. Supone que forma ...parte de los misteriosos designios de la Providencia. Éste es uno de los aspectos más problemáticos e inquietantes de su pensamiento, habitualmente ignorado por los que presentan de forma simplista al luchador incansable por la paz.
Friedman's view on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is often accused of being incoherent and of setting rather low ethical standards for managers. This paper outlines Friedman's ethical ...expectations for corporate executives against the backdrop of the strong emphasis he puts on individual freedom. Doing so reveals that the ethical standards he imposes on managers can be strictly deduced from individual freedom and that these standards involve both deontological norms and the fulfillment of particular stakeholder expectations. These insights illustrate the necessity to reconsider how Friedman's approach relates to other important normative theories of business ethics. Contrasting Friedman's approach with stakeholder theory and integrative social contract theory—when considering the importance he assigns to individual freedom—shows how and why these approaches differ. Still, the comparison also highlights striking similarities. This paper contributes to a better understanding of Friedman's position—which is still one of the most influential approaches in business ethics research—because it enables a differentiated look at its strengths and weaknesses.
The ability of teams to self-organize and engage in spontaneous collaboration is crucial to 21st-century organizations. The large extent of nonroutine activities in such organizations hampers the ...effectiveness of traditional management instruments, such as monitoring effort and performance levels and exercising fiat-resulting in increasingly important self-organized collaboration. To explain how such collaboration is possible, we suggest a refinement of the psychological assumptions underpinning influential theories of the firm-specifically, concerning how people reason. We juxtapose "Nash reasoning" (the mode of reasoning underpinning organizational economic theories of the firm) with "virtual bargaining" (a more collaborative mode of reasoning drawing on recent research in cognitive science). Virtual bargaining enables individuals to establish, maintain, and abide by tacit "social contracts" of their team and organization-the (often-tacit) norms, rules, roles, and responsibilities governing how employees should behave (irrespective of their personal objectives). Thus, virtual bargaining helps individuals mitigate challenges of team production, such as shirking and hold-up, in a self-organizing and self-enforcing way. We analyze the conditions under which virtual bargaining leads individuals to coordinate on enhanced effort levels in organizationally relevant settings. We outline avenues for empirically testing virtual bargaining in organizations and discuss conceptual implications.
In ways accentuated by the global coronavirus pandemic, corporations constitute vital instruments of the acts of beneficence needed by the people of the world to make progress in public health and ...increase collective and individual well-being. This article contributes to understanding the variety of moral forces that may lead corporations to commit acts of beneficence, including Friedman’s business case for corporate beneficence, the duty of beneficence as developed by business ethicists, and Dunfee’s social contract account of corporate obligation. Whereas Mejia recently contributed to scholarship on corporate beneficence by expressly adopting shareholder primacy’s conception of corporate governance, this article embraces a stakeholder-oriented, managerialist picture of corporate governance. I extend the literature on beneficence by incorporating what I argue is the intuition underlying Dunfee’s contractualist formula of minimal contribution, namely that management’s duty to do good is awakened and unshackled to the extent management judges the corporation can afford to commit acts of beneficence, all stakeholders considered. The all-stakeholders-considered case for corporate beneficence compels management to act, I argue, when inaction would undermine the moral integrity of managers personally committed to promoting the well-being of humanity.
I argue for the role of trust and cooperation as part of the foundation of digital commerce by expanding the reach of the Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT) of Donaldson and Dunfee (Ties that ...Bind, 1999). I propose that a digital business community can be a community in the morally relevant ways that Donaldson and Dunfee describe, and that the basic framework of ISCT can apply to the digital business world similarly to its application in the offline business world. I then analyze the roles of trust and cooperation in e-commerce, showing how they are important to the digital business community and explaining their moral relevance under a digital form of ISCT. I use the ISCT framework to show that trust and cooperation are an instantiation of the hypernorm of necessary social efficiency, and that authentic microsocial norms developed for the ends of trust and cooperation carry moral responsibility.
Despite its age, Vannevar Bushs Science: The Endless Frontier has remained a touchstone for science funding policy discussions. More specifically, many claim that Bush ushered in a new ‘social ...contract’ that allowed scientists to freely choose projects in accordance with their own interests while promising deliverables for the society that funds scientific institutions. Despite the prominence of The Endless Frontier, there are countless interpretations of its argumentative structure. Building off others, I develop an interpretation of how the linear model relates to the freedom of science in SEF. I critically assess this view and argue that it provides a valuable starting point for a social contract for the 21st century. To accomplish this, I clarify Bush's stance on the linear model and show that it bypasses the most common objections against its plausibility, consider the relationship between Bush's conception of the freedom of science and the rise of citizen science, and articulate a more nuanced approach to government intervention in research priority setting.
•This paper develops an interpretation of Bush's conception of the linear model and its relationship to the freedom of science in Science: The Endless Frontier.•This paper details Bush's conception of the freedom of science in The Endless Frontier•This paper critically assesses the view and suggests some modifications to make Bush’s view (on my interpretation) more plausible in contemporary science funding policy.
In mid-sixteenth-century England, people were born into authority
and responsibility based on their social status. Thus elite
children could designate property or serve in Parliament, while
children ...of the poorer sort might be forced to sign labor contracts
or be hanged for arson or picking pockets. By the late eighteenth
century, however, English and American law began to emphasize
contractual relations based on informed consent rather than on
birth status. In By Birth or Consent , Holly Brewer
explores how the changing legal status of children illuminates the
struggle over consent and status in England and America. As it
emerged through religious, political, and legal debates, the
concept of meaningful consent challenged the older order of
birthright and became central to the development of democratic
political theory.
The struggle over meaningful consent had tremendous political and
social consequences, affecting the whole order of society. It
granted new powers to fathers and guardians at the same time that
it challenged those of masters and kings. Brewer's analysis
reshapes the debate about the origins of modern political ideology
and makes connections between Reformation religious debates,
Enlightenment philosophy, and democratic political theory.
