Extensive research on racial contexts suggests that white Americans living near black Americans adopt more negative racial attitudes. Theoretically, local intergroup exposure has been conceptualized ...as acting contemporaneously through various mechanisms. However, a separate body of research on political socialization indicates that adolescent experiences are often especially influential. We hypothesize that whites’ racial contexts during adolescence produce prejudiced responses. We then test this hypothesis using two complementary data sets, a population-based panel conducted 2007–13 and the Youth-Parent Socialization Panel Survey (1965–97). Our analyses demonstrate the enduring influence of adolescent contexts at larger levels of aggregation: while the racial composition of whites’ current counties is not a consistent predictor of racial prejudice, the racial composition of their county during high school is. Proximity during one’s formative years increases racial prejudice years later, providing new insights about local contextual effects and the roots of racial prejudice.
Racial equality requires coalitions and solidarity across racial groups, but there continues to be racially colorblind and anti-Black attitudes within the Asian American community, a diverse ...community consisting of individuals with ancestral origins in East, Southeast, and South Asia. However, there is limited research on the factors that contribute to the development of these attitudes among Asian Americans. Parents could potentially play an important role in perpetuating or challenging the colorblind and anti-Black messages that pervade U.S. society. Thus, the current study investigates how 309 Asian American adolescents’ (M age = 16.8; SD = 1.15; 50.5% female) perceptions of parents’ racial socialization messages about race and racism relate to the youth’s racial attitudes. Latent profiles of youth’s perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ racial socialization messages and their associations with colorblind racial attitudes and anti-Black attitudes were examined. For mothers, three socialization profiles were identified: Race Avoidant, Race Hesitant, and Race Embracing; for fathers, two socialization profiles were identified: Race Avoidant and Race Embracing. Adolescents with Race Embracing mothers reported less anti-Black attitudes compared to those who had Race Hesitant mothers. For fathers, there were no differences among the profiles and anti-Black attitudes. However, surprisingly, adolescents with Race Embracing fathers were more likely to have colorblind racial attitudes compared to those with Race Avoidant fathers. The findings highlight the importance of racial socialization in the development of Asian American adolescents’ racial attitudes to continue fighting for interracial solidarity.
Objective:
Schools are an influential source of information on the meaning of race and culture in society and adolescents' personal lives. Yet, that influence is understudied in the literature on ...adolescent ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development. Studies of ethnic-racial socialization tend to focus on the family context; the current study measures adolescents' perceptions of ethnic-racial socialization from the school context.
Methods:
The sample includes 819 youth aged 12-18 (M = 15.27, SD = 1.58) from 4 ethnic-racial groups. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relations between ethnic-racial socialization and ERI controlling for race, gender, and age. To examine ethnic-racial group membership as a moderator, a multigroup model was used.
Results:
The findings show that, across ethnic-racial groups, the perceptions of opportunities to learn about one's ethnic-racial background and messages about American values are positively associated with youths' exploration of and commitment to their identities. Furthermore, color-blind socialization messages were associated with lower identity commitment.
Conclusions:
The findings highlight the importance of the school context in shaping students' ethnic-racial socialization and identity. This study investigated how what adolescents learn about race/ethnicity and culture in school is associated with their ERI. The findings indicate that opportunities to learn about one's culture are related to more identity exploration and greater sense of the importance of group membership. Furthermore, opportunities to learn about other cultures promote positive attitudes toward people of different races/ethnicities.
This study examines the change and associations in parental emotion socialization strategies in response to children’s negative emotions and youths’ adjustment, comparing before the Covid‐19 pandemic ...hit Italy and since the pandemic began. Participants were convenient cross‐sectional/normative (Study 1) and clinical/longitudinal (Study 2) samples of Italian parents whose children were in middle childhood and adolescence. In Study 1, self‐reported socialization strategies, youths’ maladjustment, and emotion dysregulation increased since the pandemic began. Whereas, in Study 2, socialization strategies and youths’ maladjustment decreased since the pandemic started. In both studies, unsupportive parental emotion socialization predicted youths’ maladjustment and emotion dysregulation, while supportive parental emotion socialization predicted adaptive emotion regulation. This study advances knowledge about the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on the family context.
La formation universitaire des sages-femmes revêt à la fois un volet théorique et un volet pratique. Au Québec (Canada), l'encadrement des étudiantes dans les milieux de pratique s'e! ectue par une ...sage-femme de terrain nommée préceptrice. Le but de ce texte est de faire connaître à toute professionnelle qui contribue à la formation en milieu de pratique, le concept de représentations professionnelles. Pour ce faire, de nombreux écrits appuient les explications sur le préceptorat et le concept de représentations professionnelles. Ce concept est présenté en lien avec la profession de sage-femme, mais plus spécifiquement à partir de l'exemple du préceptorat dans la formation des sages-femmes. Le concept de représentations professionnelles est présenté selon ses fonctions, son contenu et ses niveaux d'analyse.
Social networks can aid newcomers' learning and adjustment and facilitate their performance. However, knowledge about how newcomers build their social networks from the ground up is limited. ...Extending the socialization literature, we propose a model delineating newcomer proactive networking as the driver of advice ties with peer newcomers, which in turn influence newcomer reputation among higher status organizational insiders. Drawing on signaling theory, we propose that future-oriented newcomers are more likely to engage in proactive networking behaviors, a form of signaling that could help those newcomers build a larger number of peer advice ties. Such initial success may then transmit newcomers' signals to the managerial ranks, affording them a better reputation among managers. In addition, signaling theory suggests that the centrality of a newcomer's immediate supervisor in the managerial advice network can amplify the effect of the newcomer's own signaling actions (i.e., proactive networking behaviors) on their relationships with peers. We tested our hypotheses in two field survey studies. Study 1 found that newcomers higher in future orientation engaged in more proactive networking. Proactive networking helped newcomers form more peer advice ties, which were, in turn, positively related to their reputation among managers. Study 2 found that the supervisor's centrality in the managerial advice network moderated the relationship between newcomer proactive networking and peer advice ties. We discuss the implications of our findings for the newcomer adjustment and signaling theory literatures as well as for socialization practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Drawing from Spencer’s phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST), this study examines how Black adolescents navigate racism-related stress, ethnic-racial socialization, and ...critical reflection as racial ecologies, and their association with coping strategies. Additionally, we explore critical action, a unique coping strategy related to critical consciousness. Using latent profile analysis, data from 200 Black adolescents (Mage = 14.2 years) were analyzed, with racism, ethnic-racial socialization, and critical reflection as indicators. Profile differences in coping were also investigated. Four distinct profiles of Black teen racial ecologies were identified: (a) Positively Racially Socialized, Less Discriminated (n = 88); (b) Racially Socialized, Discriminated, and Aware (n = 47); (c) Racially Discriminated and Negatively Socialized (n = 37); and (d) Low Racially Salient (n = 28). These profiles exhibited differences in coping strategy endorsement. The findings highlight the importance of Black youth's racial ecologies in shaping their coping mechanisms and have implications for research and clinical practices.
The development of political engagement in early life is significant given its impact on political knowledge and participation. Analyses reveal a large influence of parents on their offspring’s ...curiosity about politics during their teenage years. Increasingly, civic education is also considered an important influence on political interest and orientations of young people as schools are assigned a crucial role in creating and maintaining civic equality. We study the effects of civic education on political engagement, focusing especially on whether and how civic education can compensate for missing parental political socialization. We use data from the Belgian Political Panel Study (2006–2011) and the U.S. Youth-Parent Socialization Panel Study (1965–1997), which both contain information on political attitudes and behaviors of adolescents and young adults, those of their parents, and on the educational curriculum of the young respondents. Our findings suggest that civics training in schools indeed compensates for inequalities in family socialization with respect to political engagement. This conclusion holds for two very different countries (the U.S. and Belgium), at very different points in time (the 1960s and the 2000s), and for a varying length of observation (youth to old age and impressionable years only).
PurposeBusiness process management (BPM) has been discussed in much literature as a crucial approach to achieve firm-enterprise business performance, however in term of digital business ...transformation to face the current digital enterprise business era, there is still much to be explored. Drawing sociotechnical perspective of ETHICS theory, the study develops and conceptualize information technologies/systems (IT/IS) proactive capability and socialization-codification knowledge process that produce business transformation process in digital-based era.Design/methodology/approachOf the 173 company-enterprise respondents in Indonesia, the authors empirically test and validate the conceptual model using structural equation model tool-SmartPLS and SPSS statistical. The enterprise respondents were manufactures industry, construction services, hardware and software, plantation and agriculture, financial and insurance services, and other retail trade.FindingsThe authors found different findings of mediating effect and direct relationship effect. Socialization knowledge process has directly influence IT/IS proactive capability and enterprise digital business transformation. Codification knowledge process has successfully support IT/IS proactive capability, but unsupported correlation on enterprise digital business transformation. Also, IT/IS proactive capability positively influence enterprise digital business transformation. Enterprise business process suffers when the firm transform their business process into digital-based only using codification knowledge practices because documented knowledge (codification type) is not strong enough to help company in the way of enterprise digital business transformation. Mediating role show IT/IS proactive capability is crucial approach for enterprise business transformation to maximize codification knowledge practices. The findings present one fully supported results of mediation role through IT/IS proactive capability. A stronger support for enterprise IT/IS strategy in company, a high opportunity for codification knowledge practices to improve the digital ways to transform the enterprise business process. In short, the results can guide enterprise managers on how to manage their knowledge resources and maximizing emerging technologies to achieve enterprise digital business transformation.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors acknowledged that future studies would be worthwhile to create, develop and strengthen the model and its related foundation. Future research may try different concept/theory that applicable in enterprise digital business transformation. Also, an opportunity for future study is how enterprise digital business transformation in different context of industries with the current emerging technologies (e.g. IoT, big data, AI).Originality/valueThis study offers a theoretical and conceptual framework to the applicable digital-based within enterprise business transformation context. A knowledge/novel contribution of this study is the integration of a sociotechnical that highly relevant and drives enterprise digital business transformation. This study also is an effort to combine some areas such as business transformation strategy, knowledge-intensive business services, knowledge management and IT/IS.
Objective
This study investigates associations between Big Five personality trait change, organizational socialization, and organizational identification during a 3‐year police officer training ...program (N = 416 police officer cadets).
Method
Participants completed a questionnaire measuring the Big Five personality traits when they entered the training academy, and then, completed the same personality questionnaire, along with measures of organizational socialization and identification, during their 2nd (n = 360) and 3rd (n = 397) year of training.
Results
Results corroborated the hypotheses that (a) the Big Five traits can show systematic changes even across a relatively short time period and (b) this change is functional, given that the latent difference scores of all Big Five traits significantly predicted increases in organizational socialization and identification.
Conclusion
The Big five personality traits showed significant mean level changes across the 3‐year training program. Although these changes were not fully consistent with theoretical expectations, they did predict two aspects of organizational adjustment (socialization and identification). The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.
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