Anaerobic sludge granulation was evaluated in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor based on the increases in the specific organic loading rate (SOLR). The effect of precursor substances ...(calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and tannin) on the development of granular sludge was also investigated in batch reactors. The reactors were fed with synthetic sewage and operated in mesophilic conditions. The EGSB was operated with a variable hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the batch reactors, with cycles of 8 h and 16 h. The increase of SOLR from 17.4 ± 7.4 to 104.6 ± 66.7 mgCOD gVSS-1 d-1 in the EGSB resulted in an increase on the average granules diameter from 344.3 to 1583.3 μm. These conditions also favored the reduction rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration in the reactor. When the upflow velocity suffered an abrupt increase (from 0.06 L h-1 to 0.25 L h-1), the granules size began to decrease and lose their settleability characteristics. Considering this, it is proposed to start the biomass granulation process without effluent recirculation, and, after the granules reach the desired size and settleability capacity, the normal operation of EGSB reactor starts. The results showed that calcium chloride was more efficient for granulation. CaCl2 addition can be performed only during the reactor's start-up, improving granulation and reducing start-up time. Thus, these results have practical implications as granules maintenance is the key to the proper EGSB operation.
•High upflow velocity decreases the granules' size in the start-up of the EGSB.•It is recommended to start the sludge granulation in UASB-type reactors.•The increase in the size of the granules favored COD removals.•Calcium chloride can be used as precursor agent for anaerobic sludge granulation.
This paper utilizes the EA model to create and implement the top-layer architecture of education information systems for college students. Firstly, the design of the data layer is realized based on ...the improvement of the Solr rule and TF-IDF algorithm, the design of the business layer is realized from the user’s point of view, the design of the application layer is formed with the focus on the business link, and the design of integration-oriented software technology layer is realized. Then, it designed the practice of teaching informatization mode of college students’ civic and political education as an example. Finally, the performance test of Civic and Political Education Resources Retrieval and the practice effect of Civic and Political Education Teaching Informatization Mode are analyzed. The results show that the retrieval accuracy exceeds 0.9, the retrieval time range is within 1s, the experimental group’s worldview, outlook on life, patriotic consciousness, civic consciousness and the concept of the rule of law have improved by about 5 points in comparison with the general group, and the overall satisfaction with the informationization model of education and teaching is between 0.8 and 1.0.
In this article, with the reformulation of short-open-load-reciprocal (SOLR), the influence of nonideal standards on S-parameter uncertainties is investigated by two different methods. The SOLR ...calibration algorithm is reformulated by our recently proposed theory, which helps to simplify the mathematical derivation. Then, based on the uncalibration model, the one-step and two-step methods are developed for the sensitivity analysis of SOLR. These two methods come from different theories that were originally developed for SOLT and TRL, respectively. Finally, the analytical expressions of the sensitivity coefficients are derived, and the results obtained from these two methods are proved to be just opposite in sign.
Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan yang penting bagi manusia untuk meningkatkan kemampuan serta taraf hidupnya.Selain melalui pendidikan formal, ilmu juga dapat diperoleh melalui media cetak ...atau buku.Perpustakaan merupakan salah satu sarana yang penting dalam menunjang hal tersebut.Meskipun sangat bermanfaat, terdapat kesulitan penggunaan layanan perpustakaan, karena terlalu banyaknya koleksi pustaka yang ada (buku, jurnal, majalah, dan sebagainya) sehingga sulit untuk menemukan buku yang ingin dicari.Oleh sebab itu, selain harus berkembang dengan penyediaan koleksi pustaka, perpustakaan harus dapat mengikuti perkembangan zaman yang ada sehingga mempermudah penggunaan layanan perpustakaan.Saat iniperpustakaan Universitas Kristen Petra memiliki perpustakaan dengan kurang lebih 230.000 koleksi fisik maupun digital (berdasarkan data 2014).Dimana daftar koleksi fisik dan dokumen digital dapat diakses melalui website perpustakaan.Adanya koleksi pustaka yang sangat banyak ini menyebabkan kesulitan pengguna dalam melakukan proses pencarian. Sehingga guna menambah fitur layanan yang diberikan maka pada penelitian ini dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi layanan search engine perpustakaan menggunakan platform Apache SOLR dan database PostgreSQL. Selain itu, guna lebih meningkatkan kemudahan akses maka aplikasi ini dibuat dengan menggunakan platform mobile device berbasis Android.Selain pengujian terhadap aplikasi dilakukan juga pengujian dengan mengedarkan kuesioner terhadap 50 calon pengguna.Dari hasil kuestioner tersebut menunjukkan bahwa fitur-fitur yang dibuat telah sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna (78%). Kata kunci: SOLR, Mesin Pencarian, Perpustakaan, PostgreSQL Abstract: Education is an essential requirement for people to improve their standard of living. Other than through formal education, science can also be obtained through the print media or books. Library is one important tool supporting it. Although it is useful, there are difficulties use library services, cause too much existing library collections (books, journals, magazines, and other) so it is difficult to find the book to search. Therefore, in addition to developing library collections, the library should be able to keep abreast of the times that there was simplifying the use of library services. Currently, Petra Christian University library has a library with more than 230,000 physical and digital collections (based on 2014 document). Where the collection of physical and digital documents can be accessed through the library's website. The existence of library collections is causing difficulties in performing manual search process. This research made an application using library search engine service with Apache SOLR platform and PostgreSQL database to increase the features of services provided. Other than to improve further access,this application is made using a mobile platform based Android. In addition to testing application, testing also done by distributing questionnaires to 50 potential users.Based the results of questionnaire indicate that features are accordance with the needs of users (78%). . Keywords: SOLR, Library,Search Engine, PostgreSQL
Summary
Digital document collections have been created with the transfer of a large number of documents to digital media. These digital archives have provided many benefits to users. As the diversity ...and size of digital image collections have grown exponentially, it has become increasingly important and difficult to obtain the desired image from them. The images on the document might contain critical information about the subject of it. In this study, an architecture is developed that can work on large‐scale data by creating regular expressions together with full‐text search approaches. The performance of the system has been tested on different academic documents and Elasticsearch and Apache Solr insert times are compared. Compared to Elasticsearch, Apache Solr achieved faster and more successful results.
This study presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a square open-loop resonator (SOLR) on high resistivity silicon substrate feed with a planar Goubau line (PGL), which is a very ...low-loss transmission line around 60 GHz fabricated through a very simple and low-cost process. Electromagnetic simulations using ANSYS high frequency structure simulator are performed for the PGL structure, in order to determine the PGL characteristics (impedance, losses and quality factor) versus the line width. The geometrical parameters of the SOLR structure are studied to observe their impact on reflection and transmission properties. An equivalent lumped element circuit is extracted from the distributed planar design to study and optimise the resonating structure using Advanced Design System. This electrical circuit response is successfully compared to the planar electromagnetic structure one, and a parametric study permits to better understand the role of the different circuit elements. Field displays lead to a better understanding of the SOLR behaviour. For measurement purpose of the fabricated structure, a coplanar waveguide-PGL transition is optimised with 0.9 dB losses. Simulation and measurement results show good performances for filter applications with 1 dB losses and small size at 60 GHz for 10% bandwidth.
In order to improve the search performance of rich text content, a cloud search engine system based on rich text content is designed. On the basis of traditional search engine hardware system, ...several hardware devices such as Solr index server, collector, Chinese word segmentation device and searcher are installed, and the data interface is adjusted. On the basis of hardware equipment and database support, this paper uses the open source Apache Tika framework to obtain the metadata of rich text documents, implements word segmentation according to the rich text content and semantics, and calculates the weight of each keyword. Input search keywords, establish a text index, use BM25 algorithm to calculate the similarity between keywords and text, and output the search results of rich text according to the similarity calculation results. The experimental results show that the design system has high recall rate, high throughput, and the construction time of each data item index in different files is short, which improves the search efficiency and search accuracy.
This article introduces a new design technique of low-pass filter using cascaded square open loop resonator (SOLR) for the multi-wireless communication system. In the design procedure, a ...half-wavelength SOLR is realized with 6 GHz to meet the desired LPF cut off frequency. As the resonator is fed by a direct connection of 50-ohm input/output ports, the structure is directly transferred into a second-order low-pass filter with elliptic behavior. An equivalent circuit is extracted and its lumped elements are computed to support the proposed second-order LPF. Based on the equivalent circuit, highly selective third and fifth-order LPFs with wide rejection band are developed. To achieve this development several SOLR are cascaded by a direct connection. The designed filters are implemented on a grounded substrate which has relative permittivity of 6.15 and thickness of 0.508 mm. To verify the design concept, a third-order LPF using two cascaded SOLRs is designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. The filter responses obtained from theory, simulation, and measurement show good agreement. The filter has very small circuit area about 31 mm2 excluding the input/output feeding ports.
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