Na temelju mješavine kapitalizma i socijalističkih mjera, Tajvan nije samo postigao bolje rezultate od Narodne Republike (NR) Kine, u razdoblju od 1949.-91., nego je postigao bolje rezultate od bilo ...koje druge zemlje u svijetu u promicanju gospodarskog rasta. Nedostatak tržišta bio je glavni nedostatak NR Kine u tom razdoblju. Međutim, kineske uspješne pro-tržišne reforme i neuspješne reforme u Tajvanu (na temelju privatizacije) promijenile su situaciju. Tijekom posljednjih 28 godina, NR Kina ima učinkovitiji gospodarski sustav od Tajvana. Kao rezultat toga, NR Kina je postala vodeća svjetska gospodarska sila u 2014. godini i ima veće stope ekonomskog rasta nego Tajvan.
Xu Fuguan (1904-1982) is one of the central representatives of the second generation of Taiwanese Modern Confucianism. This book focuses primarily on his fundamental contributions to the philosophy ...of this intellectual current, particularly his reinterpretations and reevaluations of the basic axiological concepts of the original Confucian and Daoist aesthetics. It also addresses issues related to his attempts to preserve, systematize, and modernize traditional Chinese aesthetics. Xu Fuguan's theory of the Chinese ideational tradition is defined by the paradigm of the traditional link between ethics and aesthetics. The book highlights the importance of the complementary interaction between Confucianism and Daoism in Xu's theory. In his interpretation of Chinese aesthetics, Xu also incorporated a comparative perspective and contrasted it with Western aesthetics. However, the book shows that his analysis of Western aesthetics is too generalized and therefore problematic. These difficulties are also manifested in Xu's superficial understanding of modern Western art and culture. Nevertheless, this does not detract from the great relevance of his studies of traditional Chinese aesthetics. Xu Fuguan's central theoretical contributions, such as the concept of concerned consciousness, the concept of qiyun shengdong, and the systematic explanation of the axiological foundations of Chinese aesthetics presented and analyzed in this book, are among the most important philosophical innovations elaborated by Modern Confucian theory. These novel approaches are also interesting from the perspective of global theoretical discourses, as they reveal important, culturally conditioned differences between traditional Western and traditional Chinese philosophy in terms of their respective ways of perceiving and interpreting reality.
At the turn of the century, Taiwan appeared to be a success story in both its economic and political development. Rapid economic growth and economic transformation had commenced in the 1960s and ...continued through the 1990s, earning the name of a "miracle" in the 1980s. While considerably delayed, the country's transformation from a one-party dictatorship began slowly in the late 1980s but was completed without much trauma by the mid-1990s, reflecting both reforms from above by the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and pressure from below by the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). The first two decades of the 21st century brought generally bad news, however. The economy slowed and became considerably more dependent on China, who claimed sovereign control over Taiwan; and politics became more conflictual as Taiwan's situation worsened. In terms of issues, national identity and cross-Strait relations dominated Taiwan politics throughout much of the democratic era. However by the late 2010s, economic and social issues had become important concerns as well. Consequently, as the 2020s opened, Taiwan was clearly at a crossroads in its international, political, and social situation. This book analyses issues in contemporary Taiwan. The first two chapters consider a variety of issues; the next four analyse cross-Strait relations; then come three chapters on issues and the party system and three on constitutional and legal issues; and the final one focuses on a social issue.
Based on longitudinal ethnographic work on migration between the United States and Taiwan, Time and Migration interrogates how long-term immigrants negotiate their needs as they grow older and how ...transnational migration shapes later- life transitions. Ken Chih-Yan Sun develops the concept of a "temporalities of migration" to examine the interaction between space, place, and time. He demonstrates how long-term settlement in the United States, coupled with changing homeland contexts, has inspired aging immigrants and returnees to rethink their sense of social belonging, remake intimate relations, and negotiate opportunities and constraints across borders. The interplay between migration and time shapes the ways aging migrant populations reassess and reconstruct relationships with their children, spouses, grandchildren, community members, and home, as well as host societies. Aging, Sun argues, is a global issue and must be reconsidered in a cross-border environment.
Public discourse on Asian parenting tends to fixate on ethnic culture as a static value set, disguising the fluidity and diversity of Chinese parenting. Such stereotypes also fail to account for the ...challenges of raising children in a rapidly modernizing world, full of globalizing values. In Raising Global Families Pei-Chia Lan examines how ethnic Chinese parents in Taiwan and the United States negotiate cultural differences and class inequality to raise children in the contexts of globalization and immigration. She draws on a uniquely comparative, multisited research model with four groups of parents: middle-class and working-class parents in Taiwan, and middle-class and working-class Chinese immigrants in the Boston area. Despite sharing a similar ethnic cultural background, these parents develop class-specific, context- sensitive strategies for arranging their children's education, care, and discipline, and for coping with uncertainties provoked by their changing surroundings. Lan's cross-Pacific comparison demonstrates that class inequality permeates the fabric of family life, even as it takes shape in different ways across national contexts.
Transpacific Developments intervenes in the debates of China's growing presence in Latin America with original ethnographic research that challenges conventional thinking about who and what ...constitutes Chinese development in Central America, how it is perceived locally, and what it portends for the future. Monica DeHart makes visible the history of transregional encounters and relations that have produced local development, including Central America's partnership with Taiwan, the formative role of the Chinese diaspora, and US interventions. That history illuminates how Orientalist formulations of racial and cultural difference continue to shape local perceptions of Chinese initiatives despite the presence of multiple forms of Chineseness. Interviews with politicians, bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, labor leaders, development consultants, ethnic associations and everyday citizens in Guatemala, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, highlight the centrality of trade, infrastructure, and corruption as key arenas for debating Chinese influence. Transpacific Developments shows why current development collaborations with Beijing cannot be perceived as wholly new or unique, nor its outcomes predetermined. Instead, a longer history of transpacific relations and ideas of difference define local expectations for what Chinese development might mean for Central American futures and the forms of identity and sovereignty on which they will rely.
Az írás célja a tajvani mezőgazdaság, valamint vidéki társadalom helyzetének, mai problémáinak átfogó bemutatása. Tajvan látványos gazdasági sikereit alapvetően az exportvezérelt ipari ágazatok ...alapozták meg, a mezőgaz-daságot viszont mindvégig hatékonysági és versenyképességi problémák kísérik. Tajvannak csupán kis hányada alkalmas művelésre, ráadásul a történeti okok miatt kialakult miniatűr üzemekben termelő gazdák – a rizst leszámítva – nem képesek a lakosság igényeit fedezni. Tajvan így szinte minden más terményből és élelmiszerből jelentős mennyiségű behozatalra szorul. A II. világháború után az 1950-es évtizedben átfogó földreformra került sor a Land to the Tiller elv alapján, földhöz juttatva a korábbi nagybirtokosi rendszer bérlőit, a föld tényleges megművelőit. Gazdaságpolitikai okok miatt azonban a későbbiekben a mezőgazdaságnak alárendelt szerep jutott, így az 1970-es évek látványos gazdasági fellendülésében – az ipari ágazatoktól eltérően – nem játszott közvetlen szerepet. Az ágazat feladata alapvetően a belső élelmiszer-ellátáshoz való hozzájárulás, és csupán néhány termék esetében termel expor-tra. A mezőgazdaság hozzájárulása a GDP-hez, valamint a foglalkoztatási struktúrán belüli aránya egyaránt alacsony. A korábbi kormányzatok nem fordítottak nagy figyelmet a mezőgazdaság fejlesztésére. A legutóbbi években ugyanakkor néhány pozitív jel érezteti a változást, a tajvani mezőgazdaság a nemzetközi piacokon eleve esélytelen mennyiségi és árverseny erőltetése helyett a minőségorientált termelés irányába igyekszik átalakulni. A tajvani agrárgazdaság számos kockázattal és kihívással kénytelen szem-benézni, mint például a vidéki társadalom elöregedése, az elvándorlás, a vidéki és a városi háztartások jövedelme közti szintkülönbség, a művelt terület folyama-tos zsugorodása, a tajvani működő tőke túlzott mértékű átáramlása a Kínai Népköztársaság agrárgazdaságába, továbbá a tajvani lakosság változóban lévő élelmiszer-fogyasztási szokásai. = The aim of the paper is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview on the state of the Taiwanese agricultural sector and of the problems of local rural soci-ety. The fundamentals of Taiwan’s spectacular economic success were laid down by the export-oriented industrial sectors while the agriculture faced problems of effi-ciency and competitiveness. In case of Taiwan only a small part of the land is arable, moreover due to historic reasons farmers work on small-size farmlands, therefore, except for rice they are unable to meet the food demands of the population. Hence, Taiwan needs significant imports from all other crops and foodstuffs. After the Second World War, during the 1950’s decade a comprehensive land re-form took place in Taiwan on the basis of „Land to the Tiller” principle. In fact, those people who were tenants of the former latifundial system, the actual tillers became landowners. However, by economic policy considerations agriculture later became subordinated behind the export-oriented sectors. The agriculture could not play substantial and direct role in the take-off and prosperity in the 1970s. Then role of agriculture was – and still is – to contribute to the domestic food supply, and only a few products are exported. Its contribution to the GDP is low as well as its ration in the total employment. The previous governments did not pay too much attention to develop the agricultural sector, however during the recent years there are some positive signs. Instead of pushing forward to the international com-petition in terms of quantities or prices, Taiwanese agriculture strives for the quality-oriented development. There are a few risks and challenges the Taiwanese agricul-ture must face and tackle, like the ageing of the rural society, the outbound migra-tion from rural areas, the disparity between the urban and rural households, the constantly shrinking arable lands and the excessive outflow of Taiwanese FDI, espe-cially the agriculture of mainland China moreover the changing food consumption patterns.
The United States, the People's Republic of China, and Taiwan have
danced on the knife's edge of war for more than seventy years. A
work of sweeping historical vision, A World of Turmoil
offers case ...studies of five critical moments: the end of World War
II and the start of the Long Cold War; the almost-nuclear war over
the Quemoy Islands in 1954-1955; the détente, deceptions, and
denials surrounding the 1972 Shanghai Communiqué; the Taiwan Strait
Crisis of 1995-1996; and the rise of postcolonial nationalism in
contemporary Taiwan. Diagnosing the communication dispositions that
structured these events reveals that leaders in all three nations
have fallen back on crippling stereotypes and self-serving denials
in their diplomacy. The first communication-based study of its
kind, this book merges history, rhetorical criticism, and advocacy
in a tour de force of international scholarship. By mapping the
history of miscommunication between the United States, China, and
Taiwan, this provocative study shows where and how our entwined
relationships have gone wrong, clearing the way for renewed
dialogue, enhanced trust, and new understandings.
These private journals, made available here for the first time, record Hugh Trevor-Roper’s visit to the People’s Republic of China in the autumn of 1965, shortly before the outbreak of the Cultural ...Revolution, and describe the controversial aftermath of his journey on his return to England. The visit was a catalogue of frustrations, which he relates with the verve and irony of a master narrator who relished the human comedy. His efforts to meet the real life and mind of China, in whose history and politics he had long been interested, were blocked at every turn by the resources of state propaganda and the claustrophobic attention of sullen Party guides. The visit was arranged by the London-based Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding, which was ostensibly committed to the impartial interchange of culture and ideas. It proved to be run by a Communist claque whose ruthless methods of control outwitted the well-connected membership. Back in England, and with help from MI5, he resolved to get to the bottom of the society’s affairs. His investigations provoked a tumultuous public row which Trevor-Roper, no shirker of controversy, zestfully traces in these pages. Through the book, which closes with an account of his visit to Taiwan and South-East Asia in 1967, there run the wisdom of historical perspective that he brought to contemporary events and his lifelong commitment to the defence of liberal values and practices against their ideological adversaries.
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