Objective: The article explores the marketing strategies adopted by companies of different nationalities in their business processes, using the innovations established by the Oslo Manual (4th ...edition). These strategies are analyzed through a bibliographical review of the scientific literature, with the objective of understanding how they are used as a strategic approach to act in the market. Methodology: An integrative systematic review was carried out in the scientific literature on the subject to raise the state of the art that is found. The descriptors were defined and with them, initially, 432 articles were identified in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases that were evaluated and selected for discussions and reflections on what is happening in 15 countries around the world. Relevance and originality: The article explores innovations in marketing from the global context and discusses strategic business approaches, presenting the existing gaps, when it is intended to apply innovation methodologies aimed at the market. Main results: The results allowed us to identify that the innovations in marketing used by companies and institutions, mainly comprise improving characteristics of the four marketing pillars (product, price, place and promotion) and improving organizational performance through investigations the experiences of internal and external customers, aiming at the diversification of services and products in the market as a way of attracting the target audience and guaranteeing a competitive advantage. Management contributions: The article shows how marketing strategies are being incorporated into companies, when the objective is to innovate in different markets. Since innovation is the essential factor for organizations to stand out and find a competitive differential from the marketing area, it contributes to the presentation of the different approaches used within different scenarios. Keywords: Innovation. Marketing innovation. Marketing strategy. Objetivo: O artigo explora as estrategias de marketing adotadas por empresas de diferentes nacionalidades em seus processos de negocios, utilizando as inovacoes estabelecidas pelo Manual de Oslo (4a edicao). Essas estrategias sao analisadas por meio de uma revisao bibliografica da literatura cientifica, com o objetivo de compreender como elas sao utilizadas como uma abordagem estrategica para atuar no mercado. Metodologia: Uma revisao sistematica integrativa foi realizada na literatura cientifica sobre o tema para levantar o estado da arte que se encontra. Definiu-se os descritores e com eles identificou-se, nas bases de dados SciELO e Google Scholar, inicialmente, 432 artigos que foram avaliados e pontualmente selecionados para discussoes e reflexoes sobre o que esta acontecendo em 15 paises do mundo. Relevancia e originalidade: O artigo explora as inovacoes em marketing a partir do contexto global e discute as abordagens estrategicas empresariais, apresentando as lacunas existentes, quando se tem por intensao aplicar metodologias de inovacao voltadas para o mercado. Principais resultados: Os resultados permitiram identificar que as inovacoes em marketing utilizadas pelas empresas e instituicoes, compreendem, principalmente, em se aprimorar caracteristicas dos quatros pilares do marketing (produto, preco, praca e promocao) e a melhoria no desempenho organizacional por meio de investigacoes das experiencias de clientes internos e externos, visando a diversificacao dos servicos e produtos no mercado como forma de atrair o publico-alvo e garantir vantagem competitiva. Contribuicoes da gestao: O artigo traz como as estrategias de marketing estao sendo incorporadas as empresas, quando se tem o objetivo de inovar em diferentes mercados. Uma vez que a inovacao e o fator essencial para que organizacoes se destaquem e encontrem um diferencial competitivo a partir da area do marketing, contribui com a apresentacao das diversas abordagens utilizadas dentro de diferentes cenarios. Palavras-chave: Inovacao. Inovacao em marketing. Estrategia de marketing. Objetivo: El articulo explora las estrategias de marketing adoptadas por empresas de diferentes nacionalidades en sus procesos de negocio, utilizando las innovaciones establecidas por el Manual de Oslo (4a edicion). Estas estrategias se analizan a traves de una revision bibliografica de la literatura cientifica, con el objetivo de comprender como se utilizan como enfoque estrategico para actuar en el mercado. Metodologia: Se realizo una revision sistematica integradora en la literatura cientifica sobre el tema para plantear el estado del arte que se encuentra. Se definieron los descriptores y con ellos, inicialmente, se identificaron 432 articulos en las bases de datos SciELO y Google Scholar que fueron evaluados y seleccionados para discusiones y reflexiones sobre lo que sucede en 15 paises del mundo. Relevancia y originalidad: El articulo explora las innovaciones en marketing desde el contexto global y discute los enfoques estrategicos de negocio, presentando las brechas existentes, cuando se pretende aplicar metodologias de innovacion orientadas al mercado. Principales resultados: Los resultados permitieron identificar que las innovaciones en marketing utilizadas por las empresas e instituciones, comprenden principalmente mejorar caracteristicas de los cuatro pilares del marketing (producto, precio, plaza y promocion) y mejorar el desempeno organizacional a traves de investigaciones las experiencias de internos y externos. clientes, visando la diversificacion de servicios y productos en el mercado como forma de atraer al publico objetivo y garantizar una ventaja competitiva. Aportes gerenciales: El articulo muestra como se estan incorporando estrategias de marketing en las empresas, cuando el objetivo es innovar en los diferentes mercados. Dado que la innovacion es el factor esencial para que las organizaciones se destaquen y encuentren un diferencial competitivo desde el area de marketing, contribuye con la presentacion de los diferentes enfoques utilizados en diferentes escenarios. Palabras clave: Innovacion. Innovacion de mercadotecnia. Estrategia de mercadeo.
Lors de sa tournee africaine a la fin du mois de juillet 2022, le president francais Emmanuel Macron a tance a plusieurs reprises l'attitude hypocrite de l'Afrique face a la crise armee en Ukraine. ...La neutralite africaine pour le president francais, n'est pas un ni ni; mais un soutien a peine voilee, qui permet a la Russie d'echapper a la strategie politique occidentale de son isolation diplomatique. Cette strategie repose principalement sur la force des medias en tant que porte-voix de la lecture occidentale du conflit arme russo-ukrainien. Elle met en avant l'idee d'une agression ou de l'invasion. Le present article examine cette communication de guerre deployee a travers des elements de langage qui se ressourcent sur la notion d'agression, et son impact dans des contrees lointaines a l'instar de l'Afrique. Le texte postule que dans cette guerre occidentale de controle de l'opinion, la realite politique precede en fait la voix de leurs medias. En s'appuyant sur la theorie du behavoralisme, cet article montre en effet que la communication de guerre et ses resultats, dependent entierement de la consideration politique des belligerants directs et indirects par les destinataires. En d'autres termes, les opinions sur le conflit arme entre la Russie et l'Ukraine, ne se font pas et ne se defont pas au gre du compte rendu ou du traitement de cette actualite par les medias, mais de la reputation politique forgee de longue date par le public cible sur les differents belligerants. Mots-cles: Afrique, agression, impact, medias, Occident Western Media facing the Russian-Ukrainian Military Crisis: What Impact in Africa does the Semantics of "Aggression" have? During his African tour at the end of July 2022, French President Emmanuel Macron repeatedly criticised Africa's hypocritical attitude towards the armed crisis in Ukraine. For the French president, African neutrality is not an either/or, but a thinly veiled support, which allows Russia to escape the Western political strategy of diplomatic isolation. This strategy relies mainly on the strength of the media as a megaphone for the Western reading of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict. It puts forward the idea of aggression or invasion. This article examines this communication of war deployed through elements of language that draw on the notion of aggression, and its impact in distant lands such as Africa. The text posits that in this Western war of opinion control, political reality actually precedes the voice of their media. Based on the theory of behaviouralism, this article shows that war communication and its results depend entirely on the political consideration of the direct and indirect belligerents by the recipients. In other words, opinions on the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine are not made or broken by the media's reporting or treatment of the news, but by the political reputation that the target audience has long built up about the various belligerents. Keywords: Africa, aggression, impact, media, West
Objective. To create and validate criteria for prioritizing problems related to policies and management of the health workforce. Methods. This methodological study was divided into three stages. ...First, the criteria were elaborated by means of a systematized literature review. Second, the criteria were evaluated online by a committee of judges comprised of eight specialists. In the third stage, an evaluation was carried out by the target audience in a hybrid workshop. The participants evaluated the material using the Suitability Assessment of Materials instrument, adapted for the research. Results. Three prioritization criteria (relevance, window of opportunity and acceptability) and a scoring scale were developed based on the literature review. In the evaluation by the committee of judges, the approval percentage of the criteria and prioritization method was 84%. Modifications were made based on suggestions in relation to the material presented to the specialists. In the pre-test stage, the approval percentage varied by item, with six of them reaching a maximum approval of 100% (corresponding to approximately 46% of the items), four reaching 92% and three achieving 83% each, indicating positive results. Conclusions. The developed criteria were considered valid for use in the context of policies and management in the area of human resources for health. Keywords Health workforce; health management; validation study; health priority agenda; health policy. Objetivo. Crear y validar criterios para priorizar los problemas relacionados con las politicas y la gestion de los recursos humanos para la salud. Metodos. Este estudio metodologico se dividio en tres etapas. En la primera se elaboraron los criterios mediante una revision sistematizada de la bibliografia. En la segunda un comite de ocho especialistas evaluo en linea los criterios. Y la tercera consistio en una evaluacion por parte del publico destinatario en un taller hibrido. Los participantes evaluaron el material utilizando el instrumento de evaluacion de la idoneidad de los materiales, que fue adaptado para la investigacion. Resultados. Sobre la base de la revision de la bibliografia, se elaboraron tres criterios para la asignacion de prioridades (relevancia, ventana de oportunidad y aceptabilidad) y una escala de puntuacion. En la evaluacion realizada por el comite de especialistas, el porcentaje de aprobacion de los criterios y del metodo de asignacion de prioridades fue del 84%. Se realizaron modificaciones basadas en sugerencias planteadas con respecto al material presentado a los especialistas. En la etapa posterior de prueba preliminar, el porcentaje de aprobacion vario en los distintos puntos, de tal manera que en seis puntos (es decir, en aproximadamente el 46% de los puntos) se alcanzo una aprobacion maxima del 100%, en cuatro una aprobacion del 92% y en tres una aprobacion del 83% en cada uno, lo que indica unos resultados positivos. Conclusiones. Se considero que los criterios elaborados son validos para su uso en el contexto de las politicas y la gestion en el ambito de los recursos humanos para la salud. Palabras clave Fuerza laboral en salud; gestion de la informacion en salud; estudio de validacion; agenda de prioridades en salud; politica de salud. Objetivo. Criar e validar criterios para priorizar problemas relacionados a politicas e gerenciamento da forca de trabalho em saude. Metodos. O presente estudo metodologico foi dividido em tres fases. Primeiro, foram elaborados criterios por meio de revisao sistematizada da literatura. A seguir, os criterios foram avaliados on-line por uma comissao de juizes composta por oito especialistas. Na terceira fase, o publico-alvo fez uma avaliacao dos criterios em uma oficina de formato hibrido. Os participantes avaliaram o material usando o instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials, adaptado para esta pesquisa. Resultados. Com base na revisao da literatura, foram elaborados tres criterios de priorizacao (relevancia, janela de oportunidade e aceitabilidade) e uma escala de pontuacao. Na avaliacao da comissao de juizes, a porcentagem de aprovacao dos criterios e do metodo de priorizacao foi de 84%. Foram feitas alteracoes com base em sugestoes relacionadas ao material apresentado aos especialistas. Na fase de pre-teste, a porcentagem de aprovacao variou de acordo com o item. Seis deles (aproximadamente 46% dos itens) atingiram aprovacao maxima de 100%, quatro atingiram 92% e tres atingiram 83%, indicando resultados positivos. Conclusoes. Os criterios desenvolvidos foram considerados validos para uso no contexto de politicas e gerenciamento na area de recursos humanos em saude. Palavras-chave Mao de obra em saude; gestao da informacao em saude; estudo de validacao; agenda de prioridades em saude; politica de saude.
Art communication is a functional and specialized form of social communication constituting the meaning of art. It includes museum communication, understood not only as a transfer of individual and ...social knowledge about exhibits, but also as an opportunity to encounter art. The museum is thus a learning place as well as a space for experiences, emotions and relational exchanges.
This thematic issue deals with the role of language in museum communication concerning figurative art, in its relation both to other expression modes and to the target audiences with their different languages and cultures. Within this framework the active role of museum visitors in the reception of exhibited works, stimulated by the use of new technological formats, is discussed too.
In particular, the papers focus on three main aspects: the interaction between iconic and verbal language, the need for a target-oriented (multimodal) museum communication, and the investigation of multilingual and culture-specific knowledge transmission strategies.
Why are elite jewelers reluctant to sell turquoise, despite strong demand? Why did leading investment bankers shun junk bonds for years, despite potential profits?Status Signalsis the first major ...sociological examination of how concerns about status affect market competition. Starting from the basic premise that status pervades the ties producers form in the marketplace, Joel Podolny shows how anxieties about status influence whom a producer does (or does not) accept as a partner, the price a producer can charge, the ease with which a producer enters a market, how the producer's inventions are received, and, ultimately, the market segments the producer can (and should) enter. To achieve desired status, firms must offer more than strong past performance and product quality--they must also send out and manage social and cultural signals.
Through detailed analyses of market competition across a broad array of industries--including investment banking, wine, semiconductors, shipping, and venture capital--Podolny demonstrates the pervasive impact of status. Along the way, he shows how corporate strategists, tempted by the profits of a market that would negatively affect their status, consider not only whether to enter the market but also whether they can alter the public's perception of the market. Podolny also examines the different ways in which a firm can have status. Wal-Mart, for example, has low status among the rich as a place to shop, but high status among the rich as a place to invest.
Status Signalsprovides a systematic understanding of market dynamics that have--until now--not been fully appreciated.
This article explores characteristic or repetitive pattern formations in the structure and general content of selected Afrikaans Jackal and Wolf trickster stories. By using a specific methodology, a ...corpus of stories was first selected, followed by a comparative analysis of the different stories. An analysis of repetitive patterns necessitates both syntagmatic and paradigmatic readings of the stories, as demonstrated in both Bremond's (1977) model, dealing with the action in stories and Greimas's (1966) actantial model focusing on different functions of characters. By utilising these analytic models, the methods of storytelling and foregrounding, as well as the meaning of these relationships and of the stories as a whole could be discerned. Pre-existing structural readings of the folk tale, the trickster tale and Jackal and Wolf stories also added value to the research. Some examples from the corpus of stories are provided to illustrate and substantiate findings. The corpus consisted of sound recordings by a project team led by Du Plessis (1987:814), recordings made by the researcher in the Murraysburg district in June 2010, Jackal and Wolf stories told by Dana Niehaus (2011), and stories from the volumes Die Kaskenades van Jakkals en Wolf (Rousseau, 2011), Die Mooiste Afrikaanse Sprokies (Grobbelaar & Verster, 2007), and Jakkals en Wolf (Grobbelaar & Verster, 2011). Both Bremond 's action logic and Greimas 's actantial model proved valuable in describing the structure of the stories and the unique formations of patterns that emerged from the analysis. For example, the actantial roles (Greimas) in Jackal and Wolf stories represented indications of an underlying deep structure informing countless re-telling of the different stories. Regarding the structure of events (Bremond), it was noticeable that in some of the stories, the episodes followed one another successively, while in others the episodes were embedded in previous episodes. A comparative reading of the Jackal and Wolf trickster stories revealed significant relationships between the structural elements of the different stories. For example, the stories all take place in a universal past; there are usually three characters in these stories, but usually it is only Wolf that is defeated. The characters are mostly male, and the few female characters present in the stories remain in the background. The characters constantly find themselves in a space that fluctuates between a domesticated and an undomesticated world. The stories are mainly told by an external narrator-focaliser who narrates and observes and who is not limited to a particular position. These stories are most often told by male storytellers. Many of the storytellers are highly attuned to the audience and they often adapt the stories to suit their target audience (South African children). Many of the storytellers engage the audience by making use of ingenious techniques; for example, by directly involving the audience in dialogue or offering moral lessons. It clearly emerged that the identity of the hero in these stories depends on the perspective from which the events are considered. The investigated corpus shows that the stories can be described as trickster tales in more ways than one, and that they follow the general patterns of trickster tales. It is also clear that the identified structures remain dynamic. KEYWORDS: actants, analysis, deep structure, folktale, narrative, patterning, structure, structural elements, trickster, trickster story TREFWOORDE: aktante, dieptestruktuur, narratief, ontleding, patroonmatighede, triekster, trieksterverhaal, struktuur, struktuurelemente, volksverhaal
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex that serves as a major sensor of energy status in eukaryotic cells. Accumulating evidence depicts a complex role of dysregulated AMPK signaling in Alzheimer's disease ...(AD). In this issue of the JCI, Zimmermann et al. report on their investigation of AD-specific differential expression of AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 isoforms of the catalytic subunit and demonstrate that genetic reduction of AMPKalpha1, but not AMPKalpha2, rescued cognitive decline in AD mouse models. These findings reveal an isoform-specific role of AMPKalpha in the pathogenesis of AD, which likely provides a more precise target for future therapeutic development.
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