Sanctity is a concept recognized by Muslims throughout the Islamic world, and often motivates observances with highly localized characteristics. Julian Millie spent a year attending a supplication ...ritual in which Muslims of West Java directed their prayers to Allah through 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jaelani (d. 1166). This man, whose tomb even today is a popular pilgrimage site in Baghdad, is widely considered the most powerful intercessor of all the saints of Islam. The supplication takes the form of reading or singing the narrative proofs of 'Abd al-Qadir's saintliness in a ritual context. The ritual has deep roots in the Sundanese culture of West Java. The book captures the variety of understandings that participants bring to the ritual when it is held in various contexts, including Java's largest Sufi order, religious schools and private homes.
From Monologue to Dialogue: Radio and Reform in Indonesia analyses how radio journalism since the late 1990s has been shaped by and contributed to Reformasi, or the ambition of democratizing ...Indonesian politics, economy and society. The book examines ideas and practices such as independent journalism, peace journalism, meta-journalism, virtual interactivity, talk-back radio and community radio, which have all been designed to renew audience interest in media and societal affairs. It pays special attention to radio programmes that enable hosts, experts, listeners and other participants to discuss and negotiate the very rules and boundaries of Indonesia’s newly acquired media freedom. The author argues that these contemporary programmes provide dialogic alternatives to the official New Order discourse dominated by monologism.
The period 1200-1600 CE saw a radical transformation from simple chiefdoms to kingdoms (in archaeological terminology, complex chiefdoms) across lowland South Sulawesi, a region that lay outside the ...‘classical’ Indicized parts of Southeast Asia. The rise of these kingdoms was stimulated and economically supported by trade in prestige goods with other parts of island Southeast Asia, yet the development of these kingdoms was determined by indigenous, rather than imported, political and cultural precepts. Starting in the thirteenth century, the region experienced a transition from swidden cultivation to wet-rice agriculture; rice was the major product that the lowland kingdoms of South Sulawesi exchanged with archipelagic traders. Stephen Druce demonstrates this progression to political complexity by combining a range of sources and methods, including oral, textual, archaeological, linguistic and geographical information and analysis as he explores the rise and development of five South Sulawesi kingdoms, known collectively as Ajattappareng (the Lands West of the Lakes)
The author also presents an inquiry into oral traditions of a historical nature in South Sulawesi. He examines their functions, their processes of transmission and transformation, their uses in writing history and their relationship to written texts. He shows that any distinction between oral and written traditions of a historical nature is largely irrelevant, and that the South Sulawesi chronicles, which can be found only for a small number of kingdoms, are not characteristic (as historians have argued) but exceptional in the corpus of indigenous South Sulawesi historical sources.
The book will be of primary interest to scholars of pre-European-contact Southeast Asia, including historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists and geographers, and scholars with a broader interest in oral tradition and the relationship between the oral and written registers Stephen Druce obtained his PhD from the Centre for South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull. He has published on South Sulawesi history and archaeology in English and Indonesian language journals.
In the last two decades, Indonesia has seen a dramatic proliferation of environmental disputes in a variety of sectors, triggered by intensified deforestation and large scale mining operations in the ...resource rich outer islands, together with rapid industrialisation in the densely populated inner island of Java. Whilst the emergence of environmental disputes has sometimes attracted political repression, attempts have also been made in recent times to explore more functional approaches to their resolution. The Environmental Management Act of 1997 created a legal framework for the resolution of environmental disputes through both litigation and mediation.
This book is the first attempt to analyse the implementation of this framework in detail and to assess the effectiveness of litigation and mediation in resolving environmental disputes in Indonesia. It includes a detailed overview of the environmental legal framework and its interpretation by Indonesian courts in landmark court cases. The book features a number of detailed case studies of both environmental litigation and mediation and considers the legal and non-legal factors that have influenced the success of these approaches to resolving environmental disputes.
Water, in its many guises, has always played a powerful role in shaping Southeast Asian histories, cultures, societies and economies. This volume, the rewritten results of an international workshop, ...with participants from eight countries, contains thirteen essays, representing a broad range of approaches to the study of Southeast Asia with water as the central theme. As it was exposed to the sea, the region was more accessible to outside political, economic and cultural influences than many landlocked areas. Easy access through sea routes also stimulated trade from an early age. However, the same easy access made Southeast Asia vulnerable to political control by strong outsiders. The sea is, moreover, a source of food, but also of many hazards. At the same time, Southeast Asian societies and cultures are confronted with and permeated by 'water from heaven' in the form of rain, flash floods, irrigation water, water in rivers, brooks and swaps, water-driven power plants, and pumped or piped water, in addition to water as a carrier of sewage and pollution. Finally, the volume deals with the role of water in classification systems, beliefs, myths, illness and healing.
EN The VKI is carrying out an important effort on the characterization of the thermal degradation processes of spacecraft heatshield as well as space debris. In order to reproduce in-flight heat ...loads, the VKI 1.2MW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel (Plasmatron) is used. An important parameter to measure during the experiments is the surface recession rate. Currently, this is measured using a high-speed camera however, this only allows a 2D measurement. For this internship, we propose the development of a surface recession measurement technique. This technique will reconstruct the 3D surface of the sample by means of photos taken with two cameras. Applications include the study of ablation or swelling.
ES El VKI está realizando un esfuerzo importante en la caracterización de los procesos de degradación térmica del escudo térmico de las naves espaciales y los debris. Para reproducir las cargas de calor de vuelo, el VKI 1.2MW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel (Plasmatron) es empleado. Un parámetro de medida importante durante los experimentos es el ratio de recesión de la superficie. Actualmente, esto se mide usando una cámara de alta velocidad. No obstante, esto solo permite una medida 2D. Para esta estancia, proponemos el desarrollo de una técnica de medida de recesión de la superficie. Esta técnica reconstruiría la superficie de la muestra en 3D mediante fotos tomadas con 2 cámaras. Las aplicaciones son el estudio de la ablación y tumefacción.
ES El VKI está realizando un esfuerzo importante en la caracterización de los procesos de degradación térmica del escudo térmico de las naves espaciales y los debris. Para reproducir las cargas de calor de vuelo, el VKI 1.2MW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel (Plasmatron) es empleado. Un parámetro de medida importante durante los experimentos es el ratio de recesión de la superficie. Actualmente, esto se mide usando una cámara de alta velocidad. No obstante, esto solo permite una medida 2D. Para esta estancia, proponemos el desarrollo de una técnica de medida de recesión de la superficie. Esta técnica reconstruiría la superficie de la muestra en 3D mediante fotos tomadas con 2 cámaras. Las aplicaciones son el estudio de la ablación y tumefacción.
EN The VKI is carrying out an important effort on the characterization of the thermal degradation processes of spacecraft heatshield as well as space debris. In order to reproduce in-flight heat loads, the VKI 1.2MW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel (Plasmatron) is used. An important parameter to measure during the experiments is the surface recession rate. Currently, this is measured using a high-speed camera however, this only allows a 2D measurement. For this internship, we propose the development of a surface recession measurement technique. This technique will reconstruct the 3D surface of the sample by means of photos taken with two cameras. Applications include the study of ablation or swelling.
Aim: This study was conducted to explore the effect of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level on in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle outcomes. Material and Methods: A total of 142 patients included ...in this study, were divided into three groups according to their serum AMH levels as Group 1: AMH level 5-10 ng/ml (n=108), Group 2: AMH level 10-15 ng/ml (n=20), and Group 3: AMH level >15 ng/ml (n=14). Demographic characteristics were recorded. The duration of infertility and stimulation, the number of cycles, initial, final, and total doses of gonadotropins, and estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels on the day of trigger, oocyte pick up (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET), the total number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, the number and quality of the embryo, and also endometrial thickness on the day of trigger, OPU and ET, the distance of embryo-fundus, the day of ET, and pregnancy outcomes were all recorded. Results: While the IVF treatment indications and pregnancy outcomes were similar between the groups, body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than in Group 1 (p<0.001). The total doses of gonadotropin were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 and Group 3, and the total oocyte count was also significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p=0.006, and p=0.015, respectively) Conclusion: AMH levels were associated with BMI and total oocyte count, but not with mature oocyte count, oocyte quality, and pregnancy outcomes.
Amaç: Bu çalışma, serum anti-Mülleryan hormon (AMH) seviyesinin in vitro fertilizasyon (IVF) siklus sonuçları üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak için yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 142 hasta, serum AMH düzeylerine göre, Grup 1: AMH düzeyi 5-10 ng/mL (n=108), Grup 2: AMH düzeyi 10-15 ng/mL (n=20) ve Grup 3: AMH düzeyi >15 ng/mL (n=14) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Demografik özellikler kaydedildi. İnfertilite ve stimülasyon süresi, siklus sayısı, gonadotropinlerin başlangıç, son ve toplam dozları ile tetikleme, oosit toplama (oocyte pick up, OPU) ve embriyo transferi (ET) gününde östradiol (E2) ve progesteron düzeyleri, toplanan toplam oosit sayısı, matur oosit sayısı, embriyo sayısı ve kalitesi ve ayrıca tetikleme, OPU ve ET gününde endometrial kalınlık, embriyo-fundus mesafesi, ET günü ve gebelik sonuçlarının tamamı kaydedildi. Bulgular: IVF tedavi endikasyonları ve gebelik sonuçları gruplar arasında benzer iken, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) Grup 2 ve Grup 3'te Grup 1'e göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Toplam gonadotropin dozları Grup 2'de Grup 1 ve Grup 3’e göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek ve toplam oosit sayısı da Grup 3'te Grup 1'e göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek idi (sırasıyla, p=0,006 ve p=0,015). Sonuç: AMH seviyesi VKİ ve toplam oosit sayısı ile ilişkilidir, fakat matur oosit sayısı, oosit kalitesi ve gebelik sonuçları ile ilişkili değildir.
Abstract
Objectives
Breast milk adipokines are associated with growth, body mass index (BMI) and weight gain in infants. In this study, the effect of breastmilk adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on ...the BMI and weight gain of breast-fed infants was evaluated using systematic review and meta-analysis.
Materials and methods
We used PRISMA checklist for carrying out this study. 752 articles were collected from the database searching and other sources from 1994 to April 2019. According to the criteria in the study, 25 articles remained for evaluation. Eight papers were related to the effect of breast milk leptin on weight gain and BMI of infants that were evaluated by meta-analyzing. The adiponectin articles were surveyed by systematic review.
Results
There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis study. The results of random-effect model indicated a reverse and significant correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI (
r
=−0.331). The adiponectin level in breast milk was associated with the BMI and weight gain of infants.
Conclusions
Meta-analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI in infants; furthermore, the systematic review study expressed significant correlation between breast milk adiponectin with growth (BMI and weight gain) in infants.
Öz
Amaç
Anne sütü adipokinleri bebeklerde büyüme, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve kilo alımı ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada anne sütü adipokinlerinin (leptin ve adiponektin) anne sütüyle beslenen bebeklerin vücut kitle indeksi ve kilo alımı üzerindeki etkisi sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Gereç ve Yöntemler
Bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirmek için PRISMA kontrol listesini kullandık. Veri tabanı taramasından ve diğer kaynaklardan 1994’ten Nisan 2019’a kadar 752 makale toplanmıştır. Çalışmadaki kriterlere göre değerlendirilmek üzere yirmi beş makale kalmıştır. Meta-analiz ile değerlendirilen sekiz makale, anne sütü leptininin bebeklerin kilo alımı ve BMI üzerindeki etkisi ile ilgilidir. Adiponektin makaleleri sistematik bir inceleme ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular
Meta-analiz çalışmasında önemli bir yayın yanlılığı yoktu. Rastgele etki modelinin sonuçları, anne sütü leptini ile kilo alımı ve VKİ arasında ters ve anlamlı bir korelasyon olduğunu gösterdi (
r
=−0.331). Anne sütündeki adiponektin düzeyi, bebeklerin vücut kitle indeksi ve kilo alımı ile ilişkiliydi.
Sonuç
Meta-analiz bebeklerde anne sütü leptini ile kilo alımı ve VKİ arasında anlamlı bir ters ilişki olduğunu gösterdi; ayrıca, sistematik gözden geçirme çalışması bebeklerde anne sütü adiponektini ile büyüme (VKİ ve kilo artışı) arasında önemli bir korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
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