This paper is discussing our new research direction in the Voynich manuscript research. While our previous papers have been dealing with the research that has been based on fractal property analyses ...or graph properties analyses, where the graph has been constructed from the Voynich manuscript word sequences (Fig. 1), this paper discusses another kind of research on Voynich manuscript. This research is focused on the compassion of the letters or alphabets from Voynich manuscript with another selected alphabets from a different dialect, in that case, dialect from the Indian language. The reason is to point out the possibility that we can identify the origin of the Voynich manuscript alphabets based on the graphical conversion between letters from different dialects. Because this research is a very wide and deep topic, we publish in this paper only basic ideas, simulations and discuss all problems which have been found during those experimentation as well as outlining of the future directions of the research in an outlined way.
This paper discusses the possible use of unconventional algorithms on analysis and categorization of the unknown text, including documents written in unknown languages. Scholars have identied about ...ten famous manuscripts, mostly encrypted or written in the unknown language. The most famous is the Voynich manuscript, an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown language or writing system. Using carbon-dating methods, the researchers determined its age as the early 15th century (between 1404-1438). Many professional and amateur cryptographers have studied the Voynich manuscript, and none has deciphered its meaning as yet, including American and British code-breakers and cryptologists. While there exist many hypotheses about the meaning and structure of the document, they have yet to be conrmed empirically. In this paper, we discuss two dierent kinds of unconventional approaches for how to handle manuscripts with unidentied writing systems and determine whether its properties are characterized by a natural language, or is only historical fake text.
The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century illustrated cipher manuscript. In this overview of recent approaches to the Voynich Manuscript, we summarize and evaluate current work on the language ...that underlies this document. We provide arguments for treating the document as natural language (rather than a medieval hoax) and show how statistical arguments can be made about the phonology, morphology, and structure of the document even though the contents remain undecipherable.
The International Conference on the Voynich Manuscript 2022 at the University of Malta has covered many aspects of the current Voynich manuscript research. We discuss a representative selection of ...the conference proceedings, in particular the question of existing versus non-existing linguistic structures that indicate some underlying meaningful text.
Hidden Markov models are a very useful tool in the modeling of time series and any sequence of data. In particular, they have been successfully applied to the field of mathematical linguistics. In ...this paper, we apply a hidden Markov model to analyze the underlying structure of an ancient and complex manuscript, known as the Voynich manuscript, which remains undeciphered. By assuming a certain number of internal states representations for the symbols of the manuscripts, we train the network by means of the α and β -pass algorithms to optimize the model. By this procedure, we are able to obtain the so-called transition and observation matrices to compare with known languages concerning the frequency of consonant andvowel sounds. From this analysis, we conclude that transitions occur between the two states with similar frequencies to other languages. Moreover, the identification of the vowel and consonant sounds matches some previous tentative bottom-up approaches to decode the manuscript.
The Voynich Manuscript is a medieval book, whose text has continuously resisted decoding efforts for more than a century. First, propositions are made to insure a good overall quality of research ...about this manuscript. Next, two common assumptions, correspondingly about the manuscript writing system and the presence of labels, are questioned. As a result, a certain number of irregular forms of letters are pointed out and tentatively explained; and labels are found to be sometimes widespread words or refer to different objects (plants, stars...). Theoretical implications of such empirical findings are discussed, and call into question the validity of natural language hypothesis.
In this work we show that global topological properties of co-occurrent word networks constructed from texts, seem to be the fingerprint of meaningful sentences. We observe that many statistical ...properties of these networks depend on the frequency of words, however, others seem to be strictly determined by the grammar. Our results suggest that seems to be a lower bound of sense that depends on the correlation between mean word connectivity and word connectivity correlation. This property, in addition to being only present in meaningful texts, and absent in, until now, not decoded texts such as the Voynich manuscript, would also be exclusive for natural languages, allowing us to discriminate between these and formal texts.
•Network complexity helps to identify meaningful text.•The Voynich Manuscript could be a ciphered text, possibly by a permutation process.•The most disassortative network’s text has the highest probability of making sense to a reader.
We address severe deficiencies of a recent publication by Claire L. Bowern and Luke Lindemann on the linguistics of the Voynich Manuscript Annual Review of Linguistics 2021 (7): 285-308.
This book includes papers in cross-disciplinary applications of mathematical modelling: from medicine to linguistics, social problems, and more. Based on cutting-edge research, each chapter is ...focused on a different problem of modelling human behaviour or engineering problems at different levels.
The reader would find this book to be a useful reference in identifying problems of interest in social, medicine and engineering sciences, and in developing mathematical models that could be used to successfully predict behaviours and obtain practical information for specialised practitioners.
This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the new developments of applied mathematics in connection with epidemics, medical modelling, social issues, random differential equations and numerical methods.
In this article, we investigate the structural composition of the Voynich manuscript text, using statistical (network) analysis of word/token similarity. Our results support the so-called "hoax ...hypothesis," i.e., interpretation of the text as a set of meaningless strings. Based on this analysis, we present a concrete text-generator algorithm (the "self-citation" process), easily executable without additional tools even by a medieval scribe. The analyzed text sample reproduces some of the statistical key properties of the Voynich manuscript; in particular, both of Zipf's laws are fulfilled.
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