Not since the 1960s have U.S. politicians, Republican or Democrat, campaigned on platforms defending big government, much less the use of regulation to help solve social ills. And since the late ...1970s, deregulation has become perhaps the most ubiquitous political catchword of all. This book takes on the critics of government regulation. Providing the first major alternative to conventional arguments grounded in public choice theory, it demonstrates that regulatory government can, and on important occasions does, advance general interests.Unlike previous accounts, Regulation and Public Interests takes agencies' decision-making rules rather than legislative incentives as a central determinant of regulatory outcomes. Drawing from both political science and law, Steven Croley argues that such rules, together with agencies' larger decision-making environments, enhance agency autonomy. Agency personnel inclined to undertake regulatory initiatives that generate large but diffuse benefits (while imposing smaller but more concentrated costs) can use decision-making rules to develop socially beneficial regulations even over the objections of Congress and influential interest groups.This book thus provides a qualified defense of regulatory government.Its illustrative case studies include the development of tobacco rulemaking by the Food and Drug Administration, ozone and particulate matter rules by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Forest Service's roadless policy for national forests, and regulatory initiatives by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission.
Should judges defer to administrative decisions? This book examines how the common law of judicial review has responded to the development of the administrative state in three different common law ...jurisdictions-the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada-over the past one hundred years.
Increasing the investment activity of the existing companies and stimulating the incorporation of new companies is one of the factors of economic development. Many factors determine the scope of ...economic activity in a country, one of them is the procedure for incorporating economic entities. If we start from the assumption that the investor, domestic or foreign, has assessed the possibility of profiting in a specific economic environment, the first step in the realization of their business idea is the incorporation of their company. The legislation in Serbia provides an opportunity for a significant part of the procedure for incorporating business entities to be conducted electronically. Using this opportunity implies the knowledge of several laws related to the procedure for incorporation registration, as well as mastering new e-methods of communicating and running business. In this paper, we point out the normative solutions related to the e-registration of companies in Serbia and the problems in the practice that the founders encounter. E-registration of business entities entails the understanding of numerous e-instruments such as: e-documents, qualified e-signature, e-address, user applications, qualified e-time stamp and others. Memorandum of Association and other acts can be made in written or e-form, so the question arises whether all documents when forming a company can be in e-form and how an e-document can be materialized without losing legal force. Another legal obligation in our country, for some companies, is the e-records of beneficial owners. We will deal with these and other practical issues that the founders of companies in Serbia face in this paper.
Welche Herausforderungen ergeben sich einerseits beim Einsatz digitaler Techniken als Gegenstand rechtlicher Regulierung und andererseits hinsichtlich der Veränderung des Rechts durch die ...Digitalisierung? Die Potentiale der digitalen Transformation sollen genutzt und Risiken für individuelle und kollektive Schutzgüter vermieden werden. Die Entstofflichung digitaler Güter, vielfältige Entgrenzungen und Intransparenzen, die Dominanz privater Normsetzung im IT-Bereich und Asymmetrien in den Machtverhältnissen sind nur einige der strukturell verankerten Hemmnisse erfolgreicher Gestaltung. Die Möglichkeiten des Rechts, aber auch die Schwächen bisheriger Regulierung werden zum Thema. Der Autor plädiert für eine transdisziplinär inspirierte und transnational informierte Rechtswissenschaft, die nicht nur die Mikrowirkungen der Setzung und Anwendung von Recht, sondern auch die infolge der digitalen Transformation besonders bedeutsamen Makrowirkungen in den Blick nimmt.
Welche Herausforderungen ergeben sich einerseits beim Einsatz digitaler Techniken als Gegenstand rechtlicher Regulierung und andererseits hinsichtlich der Veränderung des Rechts durch die Digitalisierung? Die Potentiale der digitalen Transformation sollen genutzt und Risiken für individuelle und kollektive Schutzgüter vermieden werden. Die Entstofflichung digitaler Güter, vielfältige Entgrenzungen und Intransparenzen, die Dominanz privater Normsetzung im IT-Bereich und Asymmetrien in den Machtverhältnissen sind nur einige der strukturell verankerten Hemmnisse erfolgreicher Gestaltung. Die Möglichkeiten des Rechts, aber auch die Schwächen bisheriger Regulierung werden zum Thema. Der Autor plädiert für eine transdisziplinär inspirierte und transnational informierte Rechtswissenschaft, die nicht nur die Mikrowirkungen der Setzung und Anwendung von Recht, sondern auch die infolge der digitalen Transformation besonders bedeutsamen Makrowirkungen in den Blick nimmt.
Sind staatliche Entscheidungen gerade dann auf verfahrensrechtliche Vorgaben angewiesen, wenn das materielle Recht Entscheidungsspielräume belässt? In einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung von ...Verwaltungs- und Verfassungsrecht zeigt Jochen Rauber, dass die Vorstellung, Schwächen des materiellen Rechts ließen sich durch ergänzende Verfahrensanforderungen ausgleichen, zwar weit verbreitet ist, doch auf Voraussetzungen beruht, die zu selten hinterfragt werden. Weder bedarf es eines solchen Ausgleichs durch Verfahren stets, wenn das materielle Recht den Inhalt einer Entscheidung nur vage vorzeichnet. Noch können die Verfahrensanforderungen durchweg leisten, was sich die Dogmatik von ihnen verspricht. Und auch wenn sie es könnten, lässt es das Grundgesetz keinesfalls immer zu, auf materiellrechtliche Direktiven zu verzichten, sofern nur das Verfahren ausreichend dicht geregelt ist.
Strzelnice nie zawsze były traktowane jako obiekty budowlane. Obecnie po wydaniu głosowanego wyroku, oczywistym staje się, że każda strzelnica powinna być traktowana jako obiekt budowlany. Niniejsza ...glosa wyjaśnia, jakimi przesłankami kierowały się organy administracji, odmawiając zatwierdzenia regulaminu strzelnicy, oraz pokrótce omawia proces poprzedzający zatwierdzenie regulaminu strzelnicy, będącego ostatnim etapem dopuszczenia obiektu do użytkowania. W ostatniej części glosy omówiono czynności, których organy Policji mogą żądać od organu nadzoru budowlanego w sytuacji stwierdzenia wydostania się pocisku poza oś strzelecką.
The system of managing state property and providing public services was renewed after 2010 in Hungary. As a result of the change in the legal environment and the new regulation, the role of ...state-owned companies has increased. Today, public services can only be provided through publicly owned companies in almost all sectors. The system of public service tasks was also significantly affected by the introduction and expansion of official price regulation. The economic operation and legality of the companies can be examined by inspections. The transparency of the companies is achieved by publishing these audit experiences and reports. In my study, therefore, I rely heavily on practical experience to present the regulatory cadastre.
The paper makes an attempt to identify the essence of the principle of ex officio investigation, which is considered common to administrative procedure and administrative proceedings. The authors set ...the task of analyzing not only the similar manifestations of this principle in the procedure and proceedings. An equally important for understanding the essence of the principle, and therefore the correct application of procedural and processual norms, is, according to the authors, to distinguish its different manifestations that cannot be ignored, because this principle forms the basis for the activities of representatives of various branches of power, namely executive and judicial. In order to perform the stated task, the paper analyzes among the rules of the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure" and the Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine those that characterize the considered principle, it is demonstrated in comparison how the representatives of each branch of power use them. As a result, the paper states that the representatives of executive and judicial authorities, under the influence of the principle of ex officio investigation, demonstrate evident activity in proceedings: they are authorized to take actions on their own, without obtaining the consent of the interested parties, which guarantee that the decision made by them in the case will fully meet the requirements declared at the regulatory level. At the same time, such activity is ensured by norms formulated taking into account the nature of the activities of each of the subjects of power, and therefore, in its manifestations, it cannot be recognized as identical.
Everyone has the right to own and use their lawfully acquired property, and no one shall be deprived of their property, except in the public interest, under the conditions laid down by law and as a ...result of the payment of a fair amount of compensation. I will attempt to perform a non-exhaustive, brief analysis of how well this has been achieved over the last hundred years. Furthermore, I am looking for the answer as to what extent the restitution provides full compensation in the case of nationalized real estates.
