The discovery of rapid-acting antidepressant, ketamine has opened a pathway to a new generation of treatments for depression, and inspired neuroscientific investigation based on a new perspective ...that non-adaptive changes in the intrinsic excitatory and inhibitory circuitry might underlie the pathophysiology of depression. Nevertheless, it still remains largely unknown how the hypothesized molecular and synaptic levels of changes in the circuitry might mediate behavioral and neuropsychological changes underlying depression, and how ketamine might restore adaptive behavior. Here, we used computational models to analyze behavioral changes induced by therapeutic doses of ketamine, while rhesus macaques were iteratively making decisions based on gains and losses of tokens. When administered intramuscularly or intranasally, ketamine reduced the aversiveness of undesirable outcomes such as losses of tokens without significantly affecting the evaluation of gains, behavioral perseveration, motivation, and other cognitive aspects of learning such as temporal credit assignment and time scales of choice and outcome memory. Ketamine's potentially antidepressant effect was separable from other side effects such as fixation errors, which unlike outcome evaluation, was readily countered with strong motivation to avoid errors. We discuss how the acute effect of ketamine to reduce the initial impact of negative events could potentially mediate longer-term antidepressant effects through mitigating the cumulative effect of those events produced by slowly decaying memory, and how the disruption-resistant affective memory might pose challenges in treating depression. Our study also invites future investigations on ketamine's antidepressant action over diverse mood states and with affective events exerting their impacts at diverse time scales.
Knowing what makes a top gastronomy experience unique and retrievable in the long term is of interest for scientific and economic reasons. Recent attempts to isolate predictors of the hedonic ...evaluation of food have afforded several factors, such as individual and social attributes, or liking/disliking profiles. However, in these studies relevant variables have been examined in isolation without an integrative perspective. Here we investigated 80 guests enjoying a 23-course meal in a top gastronomy restaurant, in groups of four. Our main question concerned the factors driving the overall evaluation of the meal at its conclusion and after three months. To this aim we administered the Big Five Personality Inventory before the meal, dish-by-dish hedonic ratings, and a multi-dimensional Meal Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) at the end of the meal. Hedonic evaluations of the meal were collected immediately after the meal and three months later. Better immediate overall evaluations were predicted by both the number of peaks in dish-by-dish ratings and by positive ratings of the final dish. Both factors and the number of troughs were also critical for the long-term evaluation after three months. The MEQ dimensions overall interest, valence and distraction predicted immediate evaluations, while the long-term evaluations were determined by interest and high scores on the personality traits agreeableness and conscientiousness. High consistency of the hedonic ratings within quartets indicated the relevance of commensality for the meal experience. The present findings highlight the simultaneous relevance of food- and personality-related factors and commensality for a top gastronomy meal experience in the short and long-run. The uncovered relationships are of theoretical interest and for those involved in designing meals for consumers in various settings.
PurposeAs an emerging tool for data discovery, data retrieval systems fail to effectively support users' cognitive processes during data search and access. To uncover the relationship between data ...search and access and the cognitive mechanisms underlying this relationship, this paper examines the associations between affective memories, perceived value, search effort and the intention to access data during users' interactions with data retrieval systems.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a user experiment for which 48 doctoral students from different disciplines were recruited. The authors collected search logs, screen recordings, questionnaires and eye movement data during the interactive data search. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that positive affective memories positively affect perceived value, while the effects of negative affective memories on perceived value are nonsignificant. Utility value positively affects search effort, while attainment value negatively affects search effort. Moreover, search effort partially positively affects the intention to access data, and it serves a full mediating role in the effects of utility value and attainment value on the intention to access data.Originality/valueThrough the comparison between the findings of this study and relevant findings in information search studies, this paper reveals the specificity of behaviour and cognitive processes during data search and access and the special characteristics of data discovery tasks. It sheds light on the inhibiting effect of attainment value and the motivating effect of utility value on data search and the intention to access data. Moreover, this paper provides new insights into the role of memory bias in the relationships between affective memories and data searchers' perceived value.
This essay explores the theatrical roots of an oft-referenced but under-theorized instrument used in autoethnography: emotional recall, or affective memory. I define emotional recall, provide an ...overview of affective memory's history in performance, and consider how the tool is modified when used in qualitative research. After distinguishing between more conventional forms of recollection and emotional recall, I offer specific strategies for practicing and accounting for affective memory in autoethnography. Trigger Warning: This article contains stories about child molestation, anti-gay violence, and domestic abuse.
Alzheimer´s is a disease characterized by memory loss and worsens over time according to Alzheimer’s Association, in the paragraph: “Latinos at risk” it says: “Latinos are approximately more likely ...to suffer from Alzheimer’s and other dementias than other elderly people…”. The present work has been developed with the objective of generating a proposal of well-being in children and older adults from the benefits of music, body expression and creative processes such as brain gymnastics to enhance memory and prevent Alzheimer’s.
Using an action research and research methodology based on experience, it has been achieved in the older adults of the mental health workshop of the IESS-Manta and in the children of the “Vida 9” Art School, to establish a sequence of exercises based on music, body expression and creative process enhancing an affective emotional memory, guaranteeing brain gymnastics, and meaningful and cooperative learning in interpersonal, intergenerational and inclusive relationships. Therefore, this process is proposed as a space for well-being in classrooms from childhood without being a strict academic teaching of art.
El Alzheimer es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la pérdida de la memoria y se agrava con el tiempo según la Alzheimer’s Association: “los latinos son aproximadamente más propensos a padecer Alzheimer y otras demencias que otros ancianos…”. El presente trabajo se ha desarrollado con el Objetivo de generar una propuesta de bienestar en niños y adultos mayores a partir de los beneficios de la música, la expresión corporal y los procesos creativos como una gimnasia cerebral para potenciar la memoria y prevenir el Alzheimer.
Utilizando una metodología de investigación acción e investigación basada en la experiencia se ha logrado en los adultos mayores del taller de salud mental del IESS-Manta y en los niños de la Escuela de arte “Vida 9”, establecer una secuencia de ejercicios a partir de la música, expresión corporal y proceso creativo que mejoró la memoria mostrándose como emocional afectiva, garantizando la gimnasia cerebral, y el aprendizaje significativo y cooperativo en la relación interpersonal, intergeneracional e inclusiva. Por lo que se propone este proceso como un espacio de bienestar en las aulas de clase desde la infancia sin que sea una estricta enseñanza académica del arte.
•BDNF Val66Met influences overnight emotional memory retention.•Greater post-sleep memory for emotional images in Met carriers.•Longer REM sleep duration predicts greater emotional memory for Met ...carriers.•No emotion-specific effects of 5-HTTLPR on overnight memory retention.
Emotional memory may be modulated by BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. However, the influence of these genetic variants on the overnight retention of emotional memories has not been investigated in humans. Thirty-six healthy female students were selected to participate in this study based on 5-HTTLPR genotype status (L’/L’, L’/S’, S’/S’). Participants were also genotyped for BDNF Val66Met (Val/Val, Met carriers). We measured recognition performance for positive, neutral and negative images before and after overnight sleep. We found a significant interaction between BDNF Val66Met genotype group and image valence on post-sleep recognition performance. This interaction was driven by greater memory for negative and positive images, relative to neutral images, in Met carriers. We also found that longer Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration predicted greater post-sleep recognition performance for negative images in Met carriers, but not in Val homozygotes. We observed no influence of 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms on post- sleep recognition performance for positive, neutral or negative images. Our findings support a modulatory role for BDNF Val66Met in overnight emotional memory retention in females. We discuss the implications of this finding for understanding the influence of BDNF Val66Met on depression vulnerability.
Connaisseur de la psychologie humaine, Maupassant va plus loin encore : il se lance dans l’exploration de l’inconscient en s’interrogeant sur des zones obscures du psychisme. Le conte « Sauvée » ...inscrit ce questionnement au cœur de la représentation de la mémoire sensorielle involontaire. Le récit mettant en intrigue le ressouvenir sensuel, sollicité à des fins de séduction manipulatrice, l’effet anecdotique de l’aventure rocambolesque masque des niveaux de complexité du sens dépassant la légèreté de l’anecdote. Cet article examine la façon dont le texte travaille les scènes de ressouvenir qui s’articulent en interrelation entre la sphère des sens, le sensoriel et le sensuel, le comportement impulsif, les facteurs socioculturels et l’actualité scientifique, formant un réseau complexe dont les modalités de l’écriture maupassantienne approfondissent le sens.
In October of 2018, Backstage published an article by Alex Yates called "The Definitive Guide to the Stanislavski Acting Technique". This was a very cursory and superficial description of his life ...and some of his ideas. It was certainly in no way "definitive". In fact, it perpetuated some common misconceptions about his work. For instance, it says he merely "dabbled in the performing arts as an amateur actor, opera singer, producer, and director", with no mention of the Moscow Art Theatre and the years he spent there. However, as the author talks of the merging of the System of Stanislavski with the Method of Strasberg, he notes that emotion memory has a "dangerous reputation" and that "Some high-profile actors have merged their personal lives with that of their characters' lives in psychologically unhealthy ways". In this paper, I aim to trace the lineage of this notion of the danger inherent in studying Stanislavski and attempt to find actual evidence.
Highlights • Sex hormone manipulation increases reaction time compared to placebo. • Sex hormone manipulation increases labile mood in a subgroup of vulnerable women. • Early phase hypogonadism does ...not alter verbal affective memory recall. • Early phase hypogonadism does not trigger self-reported mental distress.
The Viennese modern choreographer Gertrud Bodenwieser's black coat leads to an analysis of her choreography in four main phases – the early European career; the rise of Nazism; war's brutality; and ...postwar attempts at reconciliation. Utilising archival and embodied research, the article focuses on a selection of Bodenwieser costumes that survived her journey from Vienna, or were remade in Australia, and their role in the dramaturgy of works such as
Swinging Bells (1926)
,
The Masks of Lucifer (1936, 1944)
,
Cain and Abel (1940)
and
The One and the Many (1946)
.
In addition to dance history, costume studies provides a distinctive way to engage with the question of what remains of performance, and what survives of the historical conditions and experience of modern dance-drama. Throughout, Hannah Arendt's book
The Human Condition (1958)
provides a critical guide to the acts of reconstruction undertaken by Bodenwieser as an émigré choreographer in the practice of her craft, and its ‘materializing reification’ of creative thought. As a study in affective memory, information regarding Bodenwieser's personal life becomes interwoven with the author's response to the material evidence of costumes, oral histories and documents located in various Australian archives. By resurrecting the ‘dead letters’ of this choreography, the article therefore considers how dance costumes offer the trace of an artistic resistance to totalitarianism.
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