This study examined the association of alcohol drinking patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults. The cross-sectional ...study included 12,830 current drinkers (6438 men and 6392 women) who were at least 20 years old. Measures of alcohol drinking patterns included average drinking frequency, usual quantity, and binge drinking frequency over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components according to alcohol drinking patterns, and also to examine linear trends in these relationships. The prevalence of MetS was 1822 (26.2%) in men and 1313 (17.5%) in women. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, drinking quantity and binge drinking frequency were positively associated with MetS in both sexes. Regarding components of MetS, while the risk of low HDL cholesterol decreased as drinking frequency increased, other MetS components (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose) worsened. Our results suggest that separate management of each component of MetS will be required to protect cardio-metabolic health, and a healthy drinking culture that refrains from binge drinking should be established in the context of public health.
Watching and Drinking Cin, Sonya Dal; Worth, Keilah A; Gerrard, Meg ...
Health psychology,
07/2009, Volume:
28, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Objective
: To investigate the psychological processes that underlie the relation between exposure to alcohol use in media and adolescent alcohol use.
Design
: The design consisted of a structural ...equation modeling analysis of data from four waves of a longitudinal, nationally representative, random-digit dial telephone survey of adolescents in the United States.
Main Outcome Measures
: The main outcome measures were adolescent alcohol consumption and willingness to use alcohol. Tested mediators were alcohol-related norms, prototypes, expectancies, and friends' use.
Results
: Alcohol prototypes, expectancies, willingness, and friends' use of alcohol (but not perceived prevalence of alcohol use among peers) were significant mediators of the relation between movie alcohol exposure and alcohol consumption, even after controlling for demographic, child, and family factors associated with both movie exposure and alcohol consumption.
Conclusion
: Established psychological and interpersonal predictors of alcohol use mediate the effects of exposure to alcohol use in movies on adolescent alcohol consumption. The findings suggest that exposure to movie portrayals may operate through similar processes as other social influences, highlighting the importance of considering these exposures in research on adolescent risk behavior.
To investigate the association between alcohol intake pattern in amount and frequency and metabolic syndrome (Mets) components, we simulated the change in the prevalence of Mets components by intake ...reduction. In order to manage Mets, alcohol intake reduction with moderation of intake pattern is required. However, evidence investigating the comparative impact of alcohol intake reduction in amount and frequency for Mets components is limited. We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study in the general Japanese population. The study subjects included 37,371 non-drinkers and current drinkers recruited in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Odds ratios (ORs) for Mets components according to alcohol intake amount and frequency were estimated using a multiple logistic regression model. The prevalence of Mets components was estimated after assumed alcohol intake reduction of a) none, b) 10 g/day (men) or 5 g/day (women), c) 20 g/day (men) or 10 g/day (women), d) less than 20 g/day (men) or 10 g/day (women) for moderate-to-heavy drinkers, e) 1–2 times/week, and f) 3–4 times/week. The ORs with alcohol intake amount and frequency increased with high blood pressure while decreasing with dyslipidemia. A J-shaped association was observed between intake amount and Mets. The estimated prevalence (%) of high blood pressure and dyslipidemia in men were a) 45.2, b) 43.0, c) 41.4, d) 40.4, e) 42.9, and f) 42.0; and a) 50.3, b) 51.8, c) 52.9, d) 50.2, e) 52.7, and f) 53.4 in women. The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure in women did not evidently decrease. Simulated alcohol intake reduction showed decreased prevalence for high blood pressure and increased prevalence for dyslipidemia in men after reduced intake amount and frequency. The largest decreased prevalence for high blood pressure was observed in men when all moderate-to-heavy drinkers reduced their alcohol intake amount to less than 20 g/day.
•High blood pressure prevalence increased with alcohol intake amount and frequency.•The simulation of no heavy drinkers was associated with lower ORs for high blood pressure.•Moderate reduction in the amount and frequency of alcohol intake similarly lowered blood pressure.
Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair and fingernails as a long‐term alcohol biomarker.
Design
Cross‐sectional survey with probability sampling.
Setting
...Midwestern United States.
Participants
Participants were 606 undergraduate college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years at the time of selection for potential study participation.
Measurements
EtG concentrations in hair and fingernails were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry at three thresholds 30 picograms (pg) per milligram (mg); 20 pg/mg; and 8 pg/mg. Any weekly alcohol use, increasing‐risk drinking and high‐risk drinking on average during the past 12 weeks was assessed by participant interview using the time‐line follow‐back method.
Findings
In both hair and fingernails at all three EtG thresholds, sensitivity was greatest for the high‐risk drinking group hair: 0.43, confidence interval (CI) = 0.17, 0.69 at 30 pg/mg, 0.71, CI = 0.47, 0.95 at 20 pg/mg; 0.93, CI = 0.79, 1.00 at 8 pg/mg; fingernails: 1.00, CI = 1.00–1.00 at 30, 20 and 8 pg/mg and specificity was greatest for any alcohol use (hair: 1.00, CI = 1.00, 1.00 at 30 and 20 pg/mg; 0.97, CI = 0.92–0.99 at 8 pg/mg; fingernails: 1.00, CI = 1.00–1.00 at 30, 20 and 8 pg/mg). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were significantly higher for EtG concentration in fingernails than hair for any weekly alcohol use (P = 0.02, DeLong test, two‐tailed) and increasing‐risk drinking (P = 0.02, DeLong test, two‐tailed).
Conclusions
Ethyl glucuronide, especially in fingernails, may have potential as a quantitative indicator of alcohol use.
Abstract Objective The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) is prevalent among college students as is hazardous drinking, a drinking pattern that places one at risk for ...alcohol-related harm. The present study, therefore, examined associations between AmED use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol-related consequences in college students. Methods Based on a probability sample conducted in 2010, participants were 606 undergraduate students aged 18–25. AmED consumption included lifetime and past year use. Hazardous drinking and alcohol-related consequences were measured during the past year. Point prevalence was used to estimate rates of AmED use, and chi-square, ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to examine associations between AmED use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. Results Lifetime and past year AmED use prevalence rates were 75.2% and 64.7%, respectively. Hazardous drinkers who engaged in AmED use were significantly more likely than past year hazardous drinkers who did not engage in AmED use to have had unprotected sex ( OR = 2.35, CI 1.27–4.32). Conclusions AmED use appears to be highly prevalent among college students, and AmED use may confer additional risk for unprotected sex beyond hazardous drinking. Unprotected sex has implications for public health, and students who drink hazardously and consume AmED may be at greater risk.
Although behavioral risk factors such as substance use have been hypothesized to increase women's vulnerability to sexual victimization, prospective studies provide mixed empirical support. In the ...current prospective study, the authors considered substance use, sexual activity, and sexual assertiveness as predictors of sexual victimization from intimate partners and nonintimate perpetrators. Among a representative community sample of women ages 18-30 years (
N
= 927), 17.9% reported sexual victimization over 2 years, the majority by an intimate partner. Low sexual refusal assertiveness, drug use, and prior intimate partner victimization predicted intimate partner sexual victimization. Heavy episodic drinking and number of sexual partners predicted victimization from nonintimates. The finding that there are different risk factors for sexual victimization from intimates versus nonintimates suggests the need for tailored prevention strategies.
ABSTRACT
Aims To evaluate a 2.5‐year prevention programme working through parents, targeting drinking among 13–16‐year‐olds.
Design Quasi‐experimental using matched controls with a pre–post, ...intention‐to‐treat design.
Setting Schools located in inner city, public housing and small town areas.
Participants A total of 900 pupils entering junior high school and their parents, followed longitudinally.
Intervention Parents received information by mail and during parent meetings in schools urging them to: (i) maintain strict attitudes against youth alcohol use and (ii) encourage their youth's involvement in adult‐led, organized activities.
Measurements Evaluation of the implementation used measures of parental attitudes against underage drinking and youths' participation in organized activities. Outcomes were youths' drunkenness and delinquency.
Findings The implementation successfully influenced parents' attitudes against underage drinking, but not youth participation in organized activities. At post‐test, youths in the intervention group reported less drunkenness and delinquency. Effect sizes were 0.35 for drunkenness and 0.38 for delinquency. Findings were similar for boys and girls and for early starters. Effects were not moderated by community type.
Conclusions Working via parents proved to be an effective way to reduce underage drinking as well as delinquency.
This study examined timing of alcohol-related sexual assaults (incapacitated rape) in relation to both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences. The sample was drawn from a ...randomly selected pool of college students across three campuses (
n
=
1238) followed over a three year time period. 91% of students never experienced an incapacitated rape, 2% reported an incapacitated rape prior to the first assessment point (
n
=
30), and 6% reported one over the course of the study (
n
=
76). Results indicated that incapacitated rape was associated with higher alcohol use and more negative consequences in the years prior to the assault. Incapacitated rape was also associated with higher alcohol use and more negative consequences during the year in which the rape took place and subsequent years, with highest rates measured for the year of the rape. These results suggest alcohol use can function as both risk factor and consequence of sexual victimization.
Although cross-sectional studies reveal an association between women's substance use and experiencing physical violence from one's intimate partner, the temporal ordering of these variables is not ...clearly established. The current study involved longitudinal examination of the association of women's substance use with subsequent experiences of intimate partner violence as well as the association between women's experiences of intimate partner violence and their subsequent substance use. Women ages 18–30 who were in heterosexual relationships (
n=724) were recruited through random digit dialing in the Buffalo, NY, area. Within ongoing relationships, women's use of hard drugs was associated with increased odds of experiencing intimate partner violence over the next 12 months. Both marijuana and hard drug use were associated with increased likelihood of experiencing violence in new relationships. Women's heavy episodic drinking did not predict subsequent experiences of partner violence in ongoing or new relationships. Experiences of intimate partner violence had a significant effect on subsequent relationship satisfaction, which was modestly associated with subsequent heavy episodic drinking but not with subsequent drug use.
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