The rectifying properties modulated by isomeric anchoring groups of dipyrimidinyladiphenyl co-oligomer diodes sandwiched between two gold electrodes are investigated using density functional theory ...combined with the nonequilibrium GreenE14s function method. Our results show that the rectifying behaviors of the co-oligomer diode are significantly modulated by isomeric substitution of anchoring groups. When the isomeride nitrile end group is replaced by the isocyanide one, for symmetric arrangement of electrodes, the rectifying direction shows obvious inversion for the isocyanideadiblockathiol junction, and the rectification ratio is obviously enhanced for the thioladiblockaisocyanide junction. The influence on rectification induced by asymmetric electrodes is also discussed. The analysis of the transmission spectra and the molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian under various external bias voltages gives inside mechanisms of the observed results.
D- capital pi -A pyridinium dye without carboxylic acid moiety as anchoring group has been used as a photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). FTIR and absorption spectra of the D- ...capital pi -A pyridinium dye adsorbed on TiO sub(2) nanoparticles indicate that the dye is adsorbed on the TiO sub(2) surface by an electrostatic interaction between pyridinium moiety of the dye and the hydroxyl group of TiO sub(2) surface. DSSC based on the D- capital pi -A pyridinium dye had a power conversion efficiency ( eta ) of 0.09% with a short-circuit photocurrent density (J sub(sc)) of 0.48mA cm super(-2).
The resin anchoring process is a critical aspect of coal mine roadway support, but presently faces several serious challenges. For example, resin s cannot be properly broken and mixed, often leak, ...and their density and circumferential thickness values frequently deviate from the design values. This results in a reduced effective anchorage length and prevents the correct application of a high pretension force. To address these issues, this study presents a systematic analysis of the anchoring characteristics of roadway bolts including theoretical calculations, a detailed analysis on the influence of mixing density, mixing parameters, and pretension force on the anchoring performance, and a primary focus on the components and mechanism within synergistic anchoring technology. Numerical simulations are performed following the orthogonal experiment method to optimize and determine the synergistic component structural parameters, and laboratory tests are conducted to compare and analyze the modes of the combined synergistic component use. The working performance of the synergistic anchoring technology is comprehensively verified using field tests. The results show that the anchoring system’s bearing strength, yield displacement, bearing time, and energy absorption capacity are greatly improved when using a combination of the synergistic components. Bolts applied in the field using the proposed synergistic anchoring technology produce significantly higher anchoring force and pretension moment values than ordinary bolts, exceed the engineering requirements, and produce a good overall anchoring effect. A high pretension force can be applied to enhance the support capacity, ensure the bolt resin anchor quality for coal mine roadways, and improve the roadway bearing capacity under static and dynamic loading, which have high practical significance and application value.
•Coal mine roadway rebar bolt anchoring problems and features are analyzed in detail.•A synergistic bolt anchoring component is developed.•Synergistic anchoring technology is systematically proposed.•A combination of synergistic components improves the anchor support properties.•The performance parameter exceeds the requirements with higher support capacity.
Mitochondrial Protein Kinase A (PKA) and PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which is linked to Parkinson's disease, are two neuroprotective serine/threonine kinases that regulate dendrite remodeling and ...mitochondrial function. We have previously shown that PINK1 regulates dendrite morphology by enhancing PKA activity. Here, we show the molecular mechanisms by which PINK1 and PKA in the mitochondrion interact to regulate dendrite remodeling, mitochondrial morphology, content, and trafficking in dendrites. PINK1‐deficient cortical neurons exhibit impaired mitochondrial trafficking, reduced mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, and a reduction in dendrite outgrowth compared to wild‐type neurons. Transient expression of wild‐type, but not a PKA‐binding‐deficient mutant of the PKA‐mitochondrial scaffold dual‐specificity A Kinase Anchoring Protein 1 (D‐AKAP1), restores mitochondrial trafficking, morphology, and content in dendrites of PINK1‐deficient cortical neurons suggesting that recruiting PKA to the mitochondrion reverses mitochondrial pathology in dendrites induced by loss of PINK1. Mechanistically, full‐length and cleaved forms of PINK1 increase the binding of the regulatory subunit β of PKA (PKA/RIIβ) to D‐AKAP1 to enhance the autocatalytic‐mediated phosphorylation of PKA/RIIβ and PKA activity. D‐AKAP1/PKA governs mitochondrial trafficking in dendrites via the Miro‐2/TRAK2 complex and by increasing the phosphorylation of Miro‐2. Our study identifies a new role of D‐AKAP1 in regulating mitochondrial trafficking through Miro‐2, and supports a model in which PINK1 and mitochondrial PKA participate in a similar neuroprotective signaling pathway to maintain dendrite connectivity.
During homeostasis, PINK1 enhances the activity of PKA/RIIβ, and its autocatalysis‐mediated phosphorylation and binding to D‐AKAP1. This leads to PKA‐mediated phosphorylation of Miro2 and enhanced anterograde mitochondrial trafficking in dendrites.
The process of cable bolt anchoring the roof of a coal mine roadway involves the mixture of different types of resin cartridges. However, this procedure presently faces several shortcomings including ...insufficient cartridge breakage, non-ideal viscosity and annular thickness values of the anchoring body, short effective anchorage length, incomplete hole walls in the surrounding rock, the resin cartridges easily roll, bend, overlap, and pile up on the hole wall and do not properly react. This study presents a systematic analysis of the anchoring characteristics of roof cable bolts in a roadway with weak interlayers based on the research and development of synergistic components. The synergistic mechanism is identified. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the dynamic flow field characteristics of the resin cartridge mixing, and laboratory tests are performed for comparison to determine a reasonable setting for the synergistic components. Field tests are conducted to comprehensively verify the working performance of the synergistic technology. The results show that the synergistic component can greatly improve the fluidity and uniformity of the resin cartridge reaction. The anchoring performance of the synergistic anchorage cable bolt used in the field is also significantly greater than that of ordinary anchoring cable bolts and higher than or equal to the engineering requirements. When an anchor hole is broken or collapses, the spacing of the synergistic components can be reasonably adjusted (i.e., by shortening the anchorage length) to allow the resin cartridge to evenly and densely fill the anchoring area, which greatly improves the anchoring system’s bearing capacity.
Highlights
Cable bolt resin anchoring on roadway roofs with weak interlayers is analyzed under typical on-field construction conditions.
Anchoring synergistic components greatly improve the bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity of an anchoring system.
On-field dynamic mixing guidance parameters are proposed for different types of resin cartridges in combination or used alone.
Synergistic component spacing adjustments effectively improve the density and uniformity of an anchoring body, thus improving the anchoring quality.
Principle has it that even the most advanced super‐resolution microscope would be futile in providing biological insight into subcellular matrices without well‐designed fluorescent tags/probes. ...Developments in biology have increasingly been boosted by advances of chemistry, with one prominent example being small‐molecule fluorescent probes that not only allow cellular‐level imaging, but also subcellular imaging. A majority, if not all, of the chemical/biological events take place inside cellular organelles, and researchers have been shifting their attention towards these substructures with the help of fluorescence techniques. This Review summarizes the existing fluorescent probes that target chemical/biological events within a single organelle. More importantly, organelle‐anchoring strategies are described and emphasized to inspire the design of new generations of fluorescent probes, before concluding with future prospects on the possible further development of chemical biology.
See below the surface: Fluorescent probes that target individual organelles and elucidate their functionalities are systematically summarized in this Review. The design strategy towards organelle targeting will shed light on basic studies of cell biology.
All organic charge‐transporting layer (CTL)‐featured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit distinct advantages, but their scaling‐up remains a great challenge because the organic CTLs underneath the ...perovskite are too thin to achieve large‐area homogeneous layers by spin‐coating, and their hydrophobic nature further hinders the solution‐based fabrication of perovskite layer. Here, an unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly (ACA) strategy is reported that involves a synergistic coadsorption of a hydrophilic ammonium salt CA‐Br with hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives to acquire scalable and wettable organic hole‐extraction monolayers for p–i–n structured PSCs. The ACA route not only enables ultrathin organic CTLs with high uniformity but also eliminates the nonwetting problem to facilitate large‐area perovskite films with 100% coverage. Moreover, incorporation of CA‐Br in the ACA strategy can distinctly guarantee a high quality of electronic connection via the cations' vacancy passivation. Consequently, a high power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 17.49% is achieved for p–i–n structured PSCs (1.02 cm2), and a module with an aperture area of 36 cm2 shows PCE of 12.67%, one of the best scaling‐up results among all‐organic CTL‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates that the ACA strategy can be a promising route to large‐area uniform interfacial layers as well as scaling‐up of perovskite solar cells.
An unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly strategy is proposed to acquire highly scalable and wettable hole‐extraction monolayers (HELs) for p–i–n structured perovskite solar cells. It enables ultrathin HELs with high uniformity, facilitates the fabrication of large‐area perovskite films, and guarantees a high quality of interfacial contact. For the first time, a monolayer HEL‐based 36 cm2 module achieves 12.67% efficiency.
The development of noble‐metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts is promising for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols; however, the relatively low conversion of non‐noble metal catalysts under ...solvent‐free atmospheric conditions hinders their industrial application. Now, a holey lamellar high entropy oxide (HEO) Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2Zn0.2O material with mesoporous structure is prepared by an anchoring and merging process. The HEO has ultra‐high catalytic activity for the solvent‐free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Up to 98 % conversion can be achieved in only 2 h, to our knowledge, the highest conversion of benzyl alcohol by oxidation to date. By regulating the catalytic reaction parameters, benzoic acid or benzaldehyde can be selectively optimized as the main product. Analytical characterizations and calculations provide a deeper insight into the catalysis mechanism, revealing abundant oxygen vacancies and holey lamellar framework contribute to the ultra‐high catalytic activity.
A high‐entropy oxide material with mesoporous structure is prepared by an anchoring and merging process. It exhibits ultra‐high catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Benzoic acid or benzaldehyde can be selectively optimized as the main product by rationally regulating the catalysis parameters.
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers a promising path for greenhouse gas conversion, but industry usually relies on pressurization conditions, and the drawback of rapid carbon deposition leading to ...deactivation of conventional catalysts under pressurization has hindered its industrial development. In this study, a cost-effective N-doped Co-based DRM catalyst was developed by utilizing melamine to induce heteroatom doping defects on modified lignite to overcome the problem of deactivation due to rapid carbon deposition under pressurized conditions. The catalyst, Co/CN-40 (Impregnated with 40 wt% melamine), has the smallest metal particle size (3.13 nm), the largest specific surface area (376 m2/g), high defectivity (ID/IG ratio = 0.84), enhanced metal-support interactions and a relatively high pyridine N content (48%). The evaluation of DRM activity and stability at 780 °C and 0.5 MPa demonstrates that Co/CN-40 offers the highest catalytic efficiency. The highest conversion was quickly achieved by the catalyst during activity assessments, and maintain an efficient conversion with suppressed metal agglomeration over a 100-h stability test. These improvements are attributed to the increase in the number of defects which enhances electron transfer, improves metal anchoring and boosts the adsorption and activation of reactant molecules.
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•Increased defectivity enhances metal anchoring and inhibits metal sintering.•Co/CN-40 shows the best catalytic performance and activation rate.•Co/CN-40 under pressure effectively inhibits carbon nanotube generation.•Stable catalyst operation relies on enhanced metal anchoring.
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