The primary objective of this study was to examine the Glenohumeral subluxation index (GHSI) in a large general population cohort and to define reference values. Glenohumeral subluxation is important ...in the development and prediction of pathological states of the shoulder joint and in total shoulder arthroplasty. Therefore, another objective was to examine the influence of age, sex, BMI, body height and weight on GHSI.
GHSI according to Walch was measured on bilateral MRI of 3004 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, aged 21-90 years). SHIP drew a sample of the adult general population of Pomerania (Northeastern Germany). Reference values for GHSI were assessed by quantile regression models. Associations of sex, age and anthropometric markers with the GHSI were calculated by linear regression models.
A reference range between 42% and 55% for men with a mean of 49% ±4% was defined, while the upper reference limit of women was 1% higher (mean 50% ±4%). Age was inversely associated with the GHSI in males (p˂0.001), while no significant association in females was observed (p=0.625). Body weight and body mass index (BMI) was positively associated (p˂0.001) without effect modification by sex. Heavy mechanical oscillations on the upper extremity showed no significant association with GHSI (p = 0.268).
The reference values for GHSI were expanded to a range of 42% – 57% on MRI. Several associations between GHSI and anthropometric properties are present. According to these associations, adjusted formulas are provided to enable individual, patient specific diagnostics and therapy. Nevertheless, the clinical picture cannot be neglected.
Academic literature and safety organizations have documented challenges women face with personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fit. The major contributing factor for these challenges is ...relevant anthropometric data and how that data is applied to product blueprints. For example, in order to draft an accurate blueprint for pants, 33 specific anthropometric measures are needed. When considering a highly referenced standard and anthropometric databases utilized for PPE pant development - ISO (2017), CAESAR (2002) and ANSUR (2012), only 6%, 21%, and 21% of the measures depicted were included, respectively. This research will demonstrate what anthropometric measures are needed to draft a functional PPE pant blueprint, while highlighting issues when these measures are not included.
Anthropometry is a key element of ergonomic studies for addressing the problem of fitting the tasks/products to user characteristics, but there is a gap between anthropometric data and their ...application for designing ergonomic products and environments. This research was conducted to review the literature on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products and environments, and to identify where further research is needed to improve its application and evaluation protocols. One hundred and sixteen papers meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Although a number of anthropometric investigations have been conducted to improve the design of products/environments for different users, further research seems to be necessary, particularly for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities. Different anthropometric measurement methods/techniques and fitting criteria are discussed regarding their applicability for various design applications. This review also highlights methodological issues (sampling considerations and prototype evaluation and testing) that should be considered in future research to ensure a user-centred approach of the design process. Practitioner Summary: A literature review was conducted on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products/environments. This review emphasises the need for anthropometric research to design for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and methodological issues that should be considered in future research. Abbreviations: 1D: one-dimensional; 2D: two-dimensional; 3D: three-dimensional; HF/E: Human Factors/Ergonomics; PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CA: Cluster Analysis; DHM: Digital Human Modelling.
Background
The high technical difficulty of using a laparoscopic approach to reach the posterosuperior liver segments is mainly associated with their poor accessibility. This study was performed to ...analyze correlations between anthropometric data and intraoperative outcomes.
Study design
All patients who underwent segmentectomy or wedge laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) of segments seven and/or eight from June 2012 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The exclusion criteria were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, associated resection, multiple concomitant LLR, redo resection, and lack of preoperative imaging. Anthropometric data were correlated with intraoperative outcomes.
Results
Forty-one patients (wedge resection,
n
= 32; segmentectomy,
n
= 9) were analyzed. A strong correlation was found between the craniocaudal liver diameter (CCliv) and liver volume (
r
= 0.655,
p
< 0.001). The anteroposterior liver diameter was moderately correlated with both the laterolateral abdominal diameter (LLabd) (
r
= 0.372,
p
= 0.008) and anteroposterior abdominal diameter (
r
= 0.371,
p
= 0.008). The body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with liver diameters. Women had a longer CCliv (
p
= 0.002) and shorter LLabd (
p
< 0.001) than men. The liver and abdominal measurements were combined to reduce this sex-related disparity. The CCliv/LLabd ratio (CHALLENGE index) was significantly correlated with the time of transection (
r
= 0.382,
p
= 0.037) and blood loss (
r
= 0.352,
p
= 0.029). The association between the CHALLENGE index and intraoperative blood loss was even stronger when considering only anatomical resection (
r
= 0.577,
p
= 0.048). A CHALLENGE index of > 0.4 (area under the curve, 0.757;
p
= 0.046) indicated a higher bleeding risk. The BMI predicted no intraoperative outcomes.
Conclusion
Anthropometric data rather than the BMI can help anticipate the difficulty of LLR of segments seven and eight.
Although the measurement of human sizes and the reconstruction of mannequins have been extensively studied, there has been little research on systems applicable for measurement and reconstruction ...under clothes. This work presents a method for three-dimensional (3D) mannequin reconstruction and human body size measurement based on information fusion of multiple sensors. For this purpose, a multi-sensor information acquisition system (MIAS) is developed allowing one to acquire 11 key size data of the human body under clothes. The MIAS is based on the proposed parametric mannequin method and the Laplace mesh deformation technique, thus allowing one to reconstruct the mannequin conforming to the MIAS measurements. All mannequins reconstructed by this method have the same topology, which will greatly facilitate subsequent processing, such as garment design, customization and virtual fitting. The results of the reconstruction experiments show that our system can reconstruct a mannequin that matches the size of the feature parts very well. In addition, performed comparison experiments with manual and laser measurements shows that the measurement results of our system are close to those of manual and laser measurements. This provides a viable method for measuring key body sizes under clothes and reconstructing the corresponding 3D mannequin.
Objectives. The present study aimed to review the changes in anthropometric dimensions around the world during the last 30 years.
Methods. The search for this study was conducted in four databases ...with related keywords. Papers from 1990 to 2021 were reviewed and 4139 articles were identified, with 505 related titles. Of these, 187 articles met the eligibility criteria, and their whole text was examined; 132 articles were then included for the final review.
Results. The reviewed studies showed that a large number of anthropometric dimensions of the human body have become larger than in the past, such as height. Although the increasing trend of anthropometric dimensions in the past has been faster than in recent years, decreasing changes have also been seen in some anthropometric dimensions, such as the human jaw, face width and head width. It should be noted that the main reasons for the changes mentioned in the studies are economics and family income, social conditions, health and nutrition.
Conclusion. Since the process of changes in anthropometric dimensions is not always the same, anthropometric data should be updated regularly, and work environments and equipment should be reviewed or redesigned according to the new anthropometric data.
The development of powerful new 3D scanning techniques has enabled the generation of large up-to-date anthropometric databases which provide highly valued data to improve the ergonomic design of ...products adapted to the user population. As a consequence, Ergonomics and Anthropometry are two increasingly quantitative fields, so advanced statistical methodologies and modern software tools are required to get the maximum benefit from anthropometric data. This paper presents a new R package, called Anthropometry, which is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. It brings together some statistical methodologies concerning clustering, statistical shape analysis, statistical archetypal analysis and the statistical concept of data depth, which have been especially developed to deal with anthropometric data. They are proposed with the aim of providing effective solutions to some common anthropometric problems, such as clothing design or workstation design (focusing on the particular case of aircraft cockpits). The utility of the package is shown by analyzing the anthropometric data obtained from a survey of the Spanish female population performed in 2006 and from the 1967 United States Air Force survey. This manuscript is also contained in Anthropometry as a vignette.
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