WHO SHOULD ATTEND?Health professional researchers and educators who design, deliver and implement OSCEs and anyone who is keen to develop more authentic SP based OSCE stations.Introductory, ...Intermediate and Advanced levels catered forBackgroundObjective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are a widely used form of assessment in health professional education. In their summative form, they strive to provide objective, reliable measurements of behavioural competency skills. As a constructed phenomenon, they aim to simulate aspects of real clinical practice, but often fall short in terms of authenticity. Many OSCEs stations are socially situated activities, where candidates interact with a ‘patient’. The ‘patient’ can take the form of a real patient or a simulated participant (SP). However, there are growing concerns regarding this manufactured form of assessment. Firstly, real patients are increasingly not partaking in OSCEs. Secondly, educators often default to assessing what is easy rather than what is challenging to examine e.g. uncertainty, ethics and interpersonal skills. Lastly, if assessment does drive learning – are OSCEs driving more test performance rather than clinical performance? Many have called for greater authenticity in OSCEs, while retaining reliability and cost effectiveness.Intended learning objectivesAfter this workshop participants should be able toDescribe the ‘life cycle’ of developing an OSCE station.Identify important scenarios that are ‘challenging’ to authentically frame in an SP OSCE context and permit repeated candidate examinations.Offer techniques, grounded in the discipline of simulation that can help to realise and deliver ‘challenging’ SP OSCE stations.Translate this knowledge into their own educational practice.Structure of workshopGeneral introductions, ‘ground rules’ and overview of session.Introduction to assessment of clinical competency, with focus on the OSCE and characteristics of ‘best practice’ in assessment.Provide an overview of the ‘lifecycle’ of developing an OSCE station.Buzz group activity regarding difficult SP OSCE stations to write.‘Think, pair and share’ activity regarding simulation based techniques and technologies to assist in delivering authentic SP OSCE stations. Some examples with be demonstrated for an immersive experience.Conclusion, wrap up and take forward messages.Educational methods to be usedA range of educational techniques will be used in this session including:Buzz groups‘Sandpit’ activitiesSmall group workImmersive role play (performance)
In an age of unprecedented cultural globalisation and insecurity about identity, in which digital technologies have rendered ‘everything liquid and endlessly revisable’, our fetishizing desire to ...distinguish the trustworthy from the fake has palpably intensified. The collection stages a wide-ranging interdisciplinary interrogation of the concept of authenticity in order to cast new light on this contemporary condition. The contributors come from a range of disciplinary backgrounds including memory studies, cultural history, English literature, theatre studies and art criticism, and they explore a very wide range of subjects. They underline the fundamental point that authenticity has no single stable definition, but is used in very diverse ways – both descriptively and prescriptively – in many diverse contexts. They also make clear that it is not an inherent quality but rather the product of orchestration, performance and inter-subjective negotiation.
The aim of this study was to empirically explore existential authenticity from the perspectives of visitors. Given that existentialism invites people to examine the authenticity of their personal ...lives and their society, an attempt was made in this study to examine the authenticity of visitors’ personal lives and their environments by conducting an empirical study concerning the Kaiping watchtowers site, a well-known Chinese heritage site. Two dimensions of existential authenticity were examined: intrapersonal and interpersonal authenticity. The results reveal that the authenticity of toured heritage sites and environments may be irrelevant to existential authenticity and that intrapersonal authenticity exerts a substantial influence on destination loyalty. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Daydreams and the True Self Williams, Honey; Vess, Matthew
Imagination, cognition and personality,
12/2016, Volume:
36, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The feeling of knowing and expressing one’s true self (i.e., authenticity) is a critical component of well-being. This research examined how patterns of inner mental experience, or daydreaming ...styles, relate to differences in authenticity. In two online studies, participants completed a series of personality measures, including measures of daydreaming styles and authenticity. Study 1 (N = 201) and Study 2 (N = 203) generally supported our hypotheses. Positive constructive daydreaming predicted greater feelings of authentic living and lower feelings of true self-alienation, and guilty/fear-of-failure daydreaming predicted lower levels of authentic living and greater feelings of both true self-alienation and acceptance of external influence. Moreover, we found that poor attentional control was a consistent positive predictor of true self-alienation and a weak predictor of acceptance of external influence. These findings offer novel insight into how daydreaming relates to people’s subjective sense of knowing and being who they truly are.
Virtual reality (VR) plays a relevant role in the tourism sector, specifically in experiences of remote attractions. The influence of VR experiences on tourist experiential factors such as ...authenticity and satisfaction has attracted limited attention. This paper investigates the role of object‐based and existential authenticity in non‐immersive virtual heritage tours. A theoretically driven model was tested on data from 2085 individuals who visited “Su Nuraxi” UNESCO site (Italy). Findings indicate that object‐based authenticity influences affective response, which predicts satisfaction, attachment to VR and visit intention. Existential authenticity influences both cognitive and affective dimensions, which affect attachment to VR, satisfaction and visit intention.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate how destination authenticity interacts with place attachment and loyalty and whether self-authenticity moderate these relationships at a traditional ...village-Luoyi, Hainan, China. Based on the literature, four facets of destination authenticity are investigated: object-based authenticity, intrapersonal authenticity, transformative experience and interpersonal authenticity. The empirical findings indicate that object-based authenticity, intrapersonal authenticity, transformative experience lead tourists not only to be emotionally attached to a destination but, to enhance destination loyalty. Object-based authenticity and intrapersonal authenticity led to higher place attachment for consumers high in self-authenticity. With the empirical results, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
This thesis builds on Arlie Hochschild's foundational work on emotional labour by understanding it as work which requires certain traits and characteristics to be performed before an audience. ...Accordingly, it argues for the contribution that theatre and performance studies can make to analysis of such work. Using primary data gathered through observation of workplaces, interviews with employees and analysis of managerial literature, the thesis examines the theatrical and performative influence on both emotional labour, and its study, in three ways. Firstly, it considers the way in which notions of selfhood and emotional authenticity are being fostered in hospitality and leisure workplaces. Secondly, it examines the forms of management used on emotional labour in these contexts. Finally, it turns to the role of the consumer, or audience, in these commercial performances. Where Hochschild draws on Constantin Stanislavski, specifically in relation to the concepts of deep and surface acting, this research offers both a critique of her theory and an alternative approach to the comparison between professional actors and emotional labourers. It presents ahistorical account of actor training in the Stanislavskian realist tradition, and argues for new ways of thinking about its relationship to ascendent forms of work under neoliberalism. In particular, the research highlights the direction and management of emotional labour via forms of quantification and measurement which are tied to the concept of character. Whilst arguing for the continued centrality of wage labour to our analysis, following a Marxist framework, this research also argues for the extension of the critique of the alienating effects of emotional labour into social relations more broadly. This is addressed via attention to how the disciplinary functions identified in the management of emotional labour become offset onto consumers, whose behaviour is shaped according to the corporate dictates of 'authenticity' which increasingly characterise service encounters.
Authenticity and postmodern authenticity are often regarded as contradictory, and the two are rarely considered simultaneously by researchers. Taking as research cases two Chinese World Heritage ...Sites, Kaiping watchtowers in Guangdong province and Yongding earth building in Fujian province, this study constructed a relationship model of perceived authenticity, existential authenticity, and loyalty by examining the effects of tourists' perceptions of the authenticity of tangible and intangible heritage on tourists' existential authenticity and destination loyalty, as well as the relationship between existential authenticity and destination loyalty. Building upon the relationship model, this study further examined the moderating role of postmodern authenticity on the relationship between perceived authenticity and existential authenticity. Results indicated that postmodern authenticity moderates the influence of architectural heritage on existential authenticity: the higher the level of postmodern authenticity, the lower the effect. Theoretical and management implications are discussed.
•The relationship of perceived authenticity, existential authenticity and destination loyalty was further verified.•Perceived authenticity exerted a significant effect on destination loyalty.•Existential authenticity transmitted positively the effect of perceived authenticity on destination loyalty.•Postmodern authenticity moderated the effect of architectural heritage on loyalty through existential authenticity.•Postmodern authenticity can be a vantage point to better understand the subjectivity of tourist experiences.
This study sheds new light on the importance of perceived object-related authenticity for a positive tourism experience. We used a novel method of categorizing tourists based on their objective and ...constructive authenticity perceptions. The authors hypothesized that authenticity perception type would affect tourists’ positive experiences more than other factors. Specifically, differences among authenticity perception types in existential authenticity, satisfaction, and memorability scores were investigated using on-site surveys. The effect was empirically tested in settings with conflicting characteristics: original and re-created heritage sites in South Korea. The results suggest that tourists had more existentially authentic, satisfactory, and memorable experiences when they perceived the site as more objectively authentic. This had a greater impact on positive experience than setting and authenticity orientations. This study makes theoretical contributions by uncovering the relationality of objective and constructive authenticities, which also has implications for practitioners, as it significantly and positively contributes to tourists’ experiences.
Authenticity, well-being, and memorability are essential to understanding tourist experience, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying these interrelated concepts. This study explores how ...tourists’ perceived authenticity influences memorability through their existential authenticity and well-being in the context of heritage tourism. Using data from visitors to two world heritage sites in China (West Lake and Lijiang), the effects of existential authenticity on tourists’ psychological and subjective well-being are empirically tested. Findings from cross-regional surveys reveal that existential authenticity, triggered by tourists’ perceived authenticity of local cultural heritage, is significantly associated with memorability and psychological and subjective well-being. Results further show that perceived authenticity of local cultural heritage contributes to memorability through existential authenticity and well-being. Elucidation of these conceptual relationships has theoretical and practical implications for heritage tourism studies and management.
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